Analisis Kesalahan Siswa dalam Menyelesaikan Soal Uraian Matematika Kelas VIII SMP Taman Dewasa Ibu Pawiyatan

Tujuan penulisan artikel jurnal ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana kesalahan konsep, bagaimana kesalahan prosedural, bagaimana kesalahan komputasi, dan jenis kesalahan paling banyak yang dilakukan oleh siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal uraian matematika pokok bahasan relasi dan fungsi pada siswa kelas VIII SMP Taman Dewasa Ibu Pawiyatan Yogyakarta Tahun Pelajaran 2019/2020. Objek penelitian ini adalah kesalahan siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal uraian matematika. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan purposive sampling. Instrumen penelitian adalah peneliti dokumentasi dan wawancara. Validitas butir soal diperoleh melalui korelasi product moment. Reliabilitas tes diperoleh dengan menggunakan rumus Alpha. Teknik analisis data dilakukan dengan teknik triangulasi. Hasil penelitian secara deskriptif menunjukkan bahwa siswa kelas VIII SMP Taman Dewasa Ibu Pawiyatan melakukan kesalahan konsep tertinggi yaitu  sebesar 95% termasuk kategori sangat tinggi, kesalahan procedural tertinggi sebesar 93,7% termasuk kategori sangat tinggi, dan kesalahan komputasi tertinggi sebesar 95,5 % termasuk kategori sangat tinggi. Sedangkan jenis kesalahan yang paling banyak adalah kesalahan komputasi yaitu sebesar 95,5%

Reversible Wernicke encephalopathy caused by hyperemesis gravidarum in the second trimester of pregnancy: a case report

Wernicke encephalopathy is a potentially life-threatening neurologic syndrome caused by acute thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency. It is usually associated with excessive alcohol consumption. Less frequently, this syndrome can be caused by persistent vomiting. This is a case report of a 33-year-old woman diagnosed with Wernicke encephalopathy (WE) during the second trimester of pregnancy. The presence of neurological and ophthalmological symptoms in the context of hyperemesis gravidarum led us to evoke the diagnosis of WE, and it was confirmed when specific lesions were found in the brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Luckily for our patient, WE was diagnosed promptly and the signs were reversible after thiamine supplementation. In conclusion, any first line care taker or midwife must know the symptoms of Wernicke encephalopathy because prompt diagnosis and treatment can lead to recovery

Spin-polarized cation monovacancies in wurtzite structure semiconductors: first-principles study

金沢大学理工研究域数物科学系We study spin-polarized cation vacancies in wurtzite structure semiconductors (BeO, ZnO, ZnS, CdS, BN, AlN, GaN and GaP) by using first-principles calculations based on the density functional theory. We find that C3v geometries are the most stable and are spin-polarized. Two majority spin electrons occupying the defect E level lead to the magnetic moment of 2 μ B in the case of II-VI semiconductors. On the contrary, in the case of III-V semiconductors, three majority spin electrons occupying the defect E and A1 levels induce the magnetic moment of 3 μ B . The spin polarization of cation vacancies in oxides and nitrides are found to be stable compared with other cation vacancies in II-VI and III-V semiconductors, respectively. We clarify that the effect of the symmetry lowering from C3v to C s is small and thus confirm that the spin polarized C3v geometries are the most stable. © 2020 The Japan Society of Applied Physics.Embargo Period 12 month

Comparison of higher-order aberration values between different aberrometry technologies in preoperative laser refractive surgery patients

Introduction: Purpose of this study was to evaluate the inter-device agreement of ocular and corneal higher-order aberration measurements using various aberrometers. Materials and method: Ocular and corneal higher-order aberrations were measured from 57 eyes. For ocular aberration, the measurements were obtained from WASCA Analyzer (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Jena, Germany), i-Profiler Plus (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Jena, Germany) and OPD-Scan III (NIDEK Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan). Whereas for corneal aberration, an additional measurement was obtained from Atlas Corneal Topographer 9000 (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Jena, Germany). All the measurements were displayed by the Zernike algorithm. Root mean squares of total, 3rd and 4th order of higher-order aberrations were compared between any three devices using repeated measured analysis of variance. The Bland-Altman analysis and Pearson's correlation were employed to assess agreement and strength of relationship between measurements. Results: For ocular aberrations, there were no significant difference (P > 0.05) in all comparisons except for total higher-order aberration, oblique and horizontal trefoil. Whereas for corneal aberrations, vertical coma, spherical aberration and with-therule/against-the-rule secondary astigmatism between devices were found to be significantly different (P < 0.05). The most agreeable device pairs for ocular and corneal aberrations were demonstrated by i-Profiler Plus - OPD Scan III (95% limit of agreement:-0.340 to 0.730) and Atlas Corneal Topographer 9000 - i-Profiler Plus (limit of agreement: 0.196 to 0.520) respectively. The r-values are stronger than 0.70. Conclusion: There were differences in the value of higher order aberrations between different aberrometry technologies. Clinical impact due to the differences in wavefront measurement between skiascopy, Placido-based and laser technologies need to be investigated further

SARS-CoV-2 infection in high-risk children following tixagevimab–cilgavimab (Evusheld) pre-exposure prophylaxis: a single-center observational study

From 8 December 2021 to 26 January 2023, tixagevimab–cilgavimab (T-C) was authorized for pre-exposure prophylaxis of COVID-19. During this period, we used a multidisciplinary team to communicate, screen, approach, and administer T-C to eligible patients. Twenty-seven patients were eligible. Of these, 24 (88.9%) received at least one dose of T-C and three patients received two doses. Majority of patients were White, non-Hispanic, and women. Only two patients had COVID-19 prior to receiving T-C. Seventeen (70.8%) had received two or more doses of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. No serious adverse events were noted. Seven patients developed SARS-CoV-2 infection within 180 days of receiving T-C (median 102 days; range 28–135), and only one patient developed severe COVID-19 requiring intensive mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit

Predicting microbiologically defined infection in febrile neutropenic episodes in children : global individual participant data multivariable meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Risk-stratified management of fever with neutropenia (FN), allows intensive management of high-risk cases and early discharge of low-risk cases. No single, internationally validated, prediction model of the risk of adverse outcomes exists for children and young people. An individual patient data (IPD) meta-analysis was undertaken to devise one. METHODS: The 'Predicting Infectious Complications in Children with Cancer' (PICNICC) collaboration was formed by parent representatives, international clinical and methodological experts. Univariable and multivariable analyses, using random effects logistic regression, were undertaken to derive and internally validate a risk-prediction model for outcomes of episodes of FN based on clinical and laboratory data at presentation. RESULTS: Data came from 22 different study groups from 15 countries, of 5127 episodes of FN in 3504 patients. There were 1070 episodes in 616 patients from seven studies available for multivariable analysis. Univariable analyses showed associations with microbiologically defined infection (MDI) in many items, including higher temperature, lower white cell counts and acute myeloid leukaemia, but not age. Patients with osteosarcoma/Ewings sarcoma and those with more severe mucositis were associated with a decreased risk of MDI. The predictive model included: malignancy type, temperature, clinically 'severely unwell', haemoglobin, white cell count and absolute monocyte count. It showed moderate discrimination (AUROC 0.723, 95% confidence interval 0.711-0.759) and good calibration (calibration slope 0.95). The model was robust to bootstrap and cross-validation sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSIONS: This new prediction model for risk of MDI appears accurate. It requires prospective studies assessing implementation to assist clinicians and parents/patients in individualised decision making

Association of respiratory symptoms and lung function with occupation in the multinational Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease (BOLD) study

Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease has been associated with exposures in the workplace. We aimed to assess the association of respiratory symptoms and lung function with occupation in the Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease study. Methods We analysed cross-sectional data from 28 823 adults (≥40 years) in 34 countries. We considered 11 occupations and grouped them by likelihood of exposure to organic dusts, inorganic dusts and fumes. The association of chronic cough, chronic phlegm, wheeze, dyspnoea, forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1)/FVC with occupation was assessed, per study site, using multivariable regression. These estimates were then meta-analysed. Sensitivity analyses explored differences between sexes and gross national income. Results Overall, working in settings with potentially high exposure to dusts or fumes was associated with respiratory symptoms but not lung function differences. The most common occupation was farming. Compared to people not working in any of the 11 considered occupations, those who were farmers for ≥20 years were more likely to have chronic cough (OR 1.52, 95% CI 1.19–1.94), wheeze (OR 1.37, 95% CI 1.16–1.63) and dyspnoea (OR 1.83, 95% CI 1.53–2.20), but not lower FVC (β=0.02 L, 95% CI −0.02–0.06 L) or lower FEV1/FVC (β=0.04%, 95% CI −0.49–0.58%). Some findings differed by sex and gross national income. Conclusion At a population level, the occupational exposures considered in this study do not appear to be major determinants of differences in lung function, although they are associated with more respiratory symptoms. Because not all work settings were included in this study, respiratory surveillance should still be encouraged among high-risk dusty and fume job workers, especially in low- and middle-income countries.publishedVersio

Impact of opioid-free analgesia on pain severity and patient satisfaction after discharge from surgery: multispecialty, prospective cohort study in 25 countries

Background: Balancing opioid stewardship and the need for adequate analgesia following discharge after surgery is challenging. This study aimed to compare the outcomes for patients discharged with opioid versus opioid-free analgesia after common surgical procedures.Methods: This international, multicentre, prospective cohort study collected data from patients undergoing common acute and elective general surgical, urological, gynaecological, and orthopaedic procedures. The primary outcomes were patient-reported time in severe pain measured on a numerical analogue scale from 0 to 100% and patient-reported satisfaction with pain relief during the first week following discharge. Data were collected by in-hospital chart review and patient telephone interview 1 week after discharge.Results: The study recruited 4273 patients from 144 centres in 25 countries; 1311 patients (30.7%) were prescribed opioid analgesia at discharge. Patients reported being in severe pain for 10 (i.q.r. 1-30)% of the first week after discharge and rated satisfaction with analgesia as 90 (i.q.r. 80-100) of 100. After adjustment for confounders, opioid analgesia on discharge was independently associated with increased pain severity (risk ratio 1.52, 95% c.i. 1.31 to 1.76; P &lt; 0.001) and re-presentation to healthcare providers owing to side-effects of medication (OR 2.38, 95% c.i. 1.36 to 4.17; P = 0.004), but not with satisfaction with analgesia (beta coefficient 0.92, 95% c.i. -1.52 to 3.36; P = 0.468) compared with opioid-free analgesia. Although opioid prescribing varied greatly between high-income and low- and middle-income countries, patient-reported outcomes did not.Conclusion: Opioid analgesia prescription on surgical discharge is associated with a higher risk of re-presentation owing to side-effects of medication and increased patient-reported pain, but not with changes in patient-reported satisfaction. Opioid-free discharge analgesia should be adopted routinely