B : b interactions are essential for polymerization of variant fibrinogens with impaired holes 'a'

This is an electronic version of an Article published in Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis 2007; 5(12): 2352-2359.ArticleJOURNAL OF THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS. 5(12): 2352-2359 (2007)journal articl

Study of the nucleon-induced preequilibrium reactions in terms of the Quantum Molecular Dynamics

The preequilibrium (nucleon-in, nucleon-out) angular distributions of $^{27}$Al, $^{58}$Ni and $^{90}$Zr have been analyzed in the energy region from 90 to 200 MeV in terms of the Quantum Moleculear Dynamics (QMD) theory. First, we show that the present approach can reproduce the measured (p,xp') and (p,xn) angular distributions leading to continuous final states without adjusing any parameters. Second, we show the results of the detailed study of the preequilibrium reaction processes; the step-wise contribution to the angular distribution, comparison with the quantum-mechanical Feshbach-Kerman-Koonin theory, the effects of momentum distribution and surface refraction/reflection to the quasifree scattering. Finally, the present method was used to assess the importance of multiple preequilibrium particle emission as a function of projectile energy up to 1 GeV.Comment: 22pages, Revex is used, 10 Postscript figures are available by request from [email protected]

Optical techniques for 3D surface reconstruction in computer-assisted laparoscopic surgery

One of the main challenges for computer-assisted surgery (CAS) is to determine the intra-opera- tive morphology and motion of soft-tissues. This information is prerequisite to the registration of multi-modal patient-specific data for enhancing the surgeon’s navigation capabilites by observ- ing beyond exposed tissue surfaces and for providing intelligent control of robotic-assisted in- struments. In minimally invasive surgery (MIS), optical techniques are an increasingly attractive approach for in vivo 3D reconstruction of the soft-tissue surface geometry. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art methods for optical intra-operative 3D reconstruction in laparoscopic surgery and discusses the technical challenges and future perspectives towards clinical translation. With the recent paradigm shift of surgical practice towards MIS and new developments in 3D opti- cal imaging, this is a timely discussion about technologies that could facilitate complex CAS procedures in dynamic and deformable anatomical regions

Three-Dimensional X-ray Observation of Atmospheric Biological Samples by Linear-Array Scanning-Electron Generation X-ray Microscope System

Recently, we developed a soft X-ray microscope called the scanning-electron generation X-ray microscope (SGXM), which consists of a simple X-ray detection system that detects X-rays emitted from the interaction between a scanning electron beam (EB) and the thin film of the sample mount. We present herein a three-dimensional (3D) X-ray detection system that is based on the SGXM technology and designed for studying atmospheric biological samples. This 3D X-ray detection system contains a linear X-ray photodiode (PD) array. The specimens are placed under a CuZn-coated Si3N4 thin film, which is attached to an atmospheric sample holder. Multiple tilt X-ray images of the samples are detected simultaneously by the linear array of X-ray PDs, and the 3D structure is calculated by a new 3D reconstruction method that uses a simulated-annealing algorithm. The resulting 3D models clearly reveal the inner structure of the bacterium. In addition, the proposed method can easily be used for diverse samples in a broad range of scientific fields

Biocatalytic production of bicyclic β-lactams with three contiguous chiral centres using engineered crotonases

YesThere is a need to develop asymmetric routes to functionalised β-lactams, which remain the most important group of antibacterials. Here we describe biocatalytic and protein engineering studies concerning carbapenem biosynthesis enzymes, aiming to enable stereoselective production of functionalised carbapenams with three contiguous chiral centres. Structurallyguided substitutions of wildtype carboxymethylproline synthases enable tuning of their C-N and C-C bond forming capacity to produce 5-carboxymethylproline derivatives substituted at C-4 and C-6, from amino acid aldehyde and malonyl-CoA derivatives. Use of tandem enzyme incubations comprising an engineered carboxymethylproline synthase and an alkylmalonylCoA forming enzyme (i.e. malonyl-CoA synthetase or crotonyl-CoA carboxylase reductase) can improve stereocontrol and expand the product range. Some of the prepared 4,6-disubstituted-5-carboxymethylproline derivatives are converted to bicyclic β-lactams by carbapenam synthetase catalysis. The results illustrate the utility of tandem enzyme systems involving engineered crotonases for asymmetric bicyclic β-lactam synthesis