A key to the stromateoid fishes

Originally issued as Reference No. 69-70, series later renamed WHOI-.Our primary purpose in preparing "A Key to the Stromateoid Fishes" is to provide field workers and curators with a convenient and concise aid for the identification of the diverse species in this somewhat difficult group . Secondarily, we hope to present , through the keys , a summary of the present state of our knowledge of these fi.shes, and to indicate areas where further investigation is needed .Supported by the National Science Foundation under Grants GB-7108 and GZ-259

The distribution of mesopelagic fishes in the equatorial and western North Atlantic Ocean

Examination of about 290 midwater trawl hauls made to a depth of 1000 m in the equatorial and western North Atlantic Ocean from 1961 to 1968 suggests that at least 10 physical boundaries determine the ranges of mesopelagic fishes. The boundaries delimit six pelagic regions----the Slope Water Region, the Northern Sargasso Sea, the Southern Sargasso Sea, the Gulf of Mexico, the Caribbean Sea, and the Amazonian Region----and partly delimit four others----the Eastern Gyre and the Labrador, Lesser Antillean, and Guinean regions...

A key to the stromateoid fishes

This second edition of "A Key to the Stromateoid Fishes" is a partially up-dated version of the original (W.H.O.I. Ref. No. 69-70, September 1969).Our primary purpose in preparing "A Key to the Stromateoid Fishes" is to provide field workers and curators with a convenient and concise aid for the identification of the diverse species in this somewhat difficult group. Secondarily, we hope to present, through the keys, a summary of the present state of our knowledge of these fishes, and to indicate areas where further investigation is needed. The keys which compose this handbook have been derived from several sources. Some are slightly modified from already published or about-to-be-published sources. Others form a part of manuscripts in preparation. A third group of keys has been constructed from published species descriptions and our own often meagre data. The keys are intended primarily for larger specimens. Small stromateoids are particularly confusing, and it is not our purpose to treat them here. The well-known and marked allometric growth in stromateoids remains a problem, and those who use these keys should be aware that the body proportions of very large and/or very small specimens can fall well outside the limits here set. We expect and hope for corrections and improvements to the keys, and have left them double-spaced so comments may be written in by users. We have not attempted to settle nomenclatural problems, but have used the oldest name we know of when a choice is necessary. Neither have we gone into the problem of synonymy to any great extent. In some cases we have approached this problem by including two names under one couplet in a key. The choice of which name to employ is thus passed on to the user.Prepared for the National Science Foundation under Grants GA-31365X, GB-710B, and GZ-259

Ceratoscopelus maderensis : pecular sound-scattering layer identified with this myctophid fish

Reprint. Science, vol. 160, no. 3831, 1968, pp. 991-993. Originally issued as Reference No. 68-58, series later renamed WHOI-.A sound- scattering layer, composed of discrete hyperbolic echo-sequences and apparently restricted to the Slope Water region of the western North Atlantic, has been identified from the Deep Submergence Research Vehicle ALVIN with schools of the myctophid fish Ceratoscopelus maderensis. By diving into the layer and using ALVIN's echo-ranging sonar, we approached and visually identified the sound scatterers. The number of echo sequences observed with the surface echo-sounder (1 /23. 76 x 105 cubic meters of water) checked roughly with the number of sonar targets observed from the submarine (1/7. 45 x 105 cubic meters) . The fish schools appeared to be 5 to 10 meters thick, 10 to 100 meters in diameter, and on centers 100 to 200 meters apart. Density within schools was estimated at 10 to 15 fish per cubic meter.Supported in part by contracts Nonr-3484(00) and Nonr-4029(00) and by NSF grant GB-4431

HIV and HPV infections and ocular surface squamous neoplasia: systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: The frequency of ocular surface squamous neoplasias (OSSNs) has been increasing in populations with a high prevalence of infection with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) and infection with human papillomavirus (HPV). We aimed to quantify the association between HIV/AIDS and HPV infection and OSSN, through systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS: The articles providing data on the association between HIV/AIDS and/or HPV infection and OSSN were identified in MEDLINE, SCOPUS and EMBASE searched up to May 2013, and through backward citation tracking. The DerSimonian and Laird method was used to compute summary relative risk (RR) estimates and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Heterogeneity was quantified with the I(2) statistic. RESULTS: HIV/AIDS was strongly associated with an increased risk of OSSN (summary RR=8.06, 95% CI: 5.29-12.30, I(2)=56.0%, 12 studies). The summary RR estimate for the infection with mucosal HPV subtypes was 3.13 (95% CI: 1.72-5.71, I(2)=45.6%, 16 studies). Four studies addressed the association between both cutaneous and mucosal HPV subtypes and OSSN; the summary RR estimates were 3.52 (95% CI: 1.23-10.08, I(2)=21.8%) and 1.08 (95% CI: 0.57-2.05, I(2)=0.0%), respectively. CONCLUSION: Human immunodeficiency virus infection increases the risk of OSSN by nearly eight-fold. Regarding HPV infection, only the cutaneous subtypes seem to be a risk factor

SNAGA, TEORIJA I PRAKSA (Kraft, Theorie und Praxis)

We have developed a global biogeographic classification of the mesopelagic zone to reflect the regional scales over which the ocean interior varies in terms of biodiversity and function. An integrated approach was necessary, as global gaps in information and variable sampling methods preclude strictly statistical approaches. A panel combining expertise in oceanography, geospatial mapping, and deep-sea biology convened to collate expert opinion on the distributional patterns of pelagic fauna relative to environmental proxies (temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen at mesopelagic depths). An iterative Delphi Method integrating additional biological and physical data was used to classify biogeographic ecoregions and to identify the location of ecoregion boundaries or inter-regions gradients. We define 33 global mesopelagic ecoregions. Of these, 20 are oceanic while 13 are ‘distant neritic.’ While each is driven by a complex of controlling factors, the putative primary driver of each ecoregion was identified. While work remains to be done to produce a comprehensive and robust mesopelagic biogeography (i.e., reflecting temporal variation), we believe that the classification set forth in this study will prove to be a useful and timely input to policy planning and management for conservation of deep-pelagic marine resources. In particular, it gives an indication of the spatial scale at which faunal communities are expected to be broadly similar in composition, and hence can inform application of ecosystem-based management approaches, marine spatial planning and the distribution and spacing of networks of representative protected areas

Abundance and Distribution Patterns of Thunnus albacares in Isla del Coco National Park through Predictive Habitat Suitability Models

Information on the distribution and habitat preferences of ecologically and commercially important species is essential for their management and protection. This is especially important as climate change, pollution, and overfishing change the structure and functioning of pelagic ecosystems. In this study, we used Bayesian hierarchical spatial-temporal models to map the Essential Fish Habitats of the Yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) in the waters around Isla del Coco National Park, Pacific Costa Rica, based on independent underwater observations from 1993 to 2013. We assessed if observed changes in the distribution and abundance of this species are related with habitat characteristics, fishing intensity or more extreme climatic events, including the El Niño Southern Oscillation, and changes on the average sea surface temperature. Yellowfin tuna showed a decreasing abundance trend in the sampled period, whereas higher abundances were found in shallow and warmer waters, with high concentration of chlorophyll-a, and in surrounding seamounts. In addition, El Niño Southern Oscillation events did not seem to affect Yellowfin tuna distribution and abundance. Understanding the habitat preferences of this species, using approaches as the one developed here, may help design integrated programs for more efficient management of vulnerable species.Marine Stewardship Council/[]/MSC/LondresUCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias Básicas::Centro de Investigación en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología (CIMAR