El abuso desde el enfoque de las prácticas contrarias a la competencia en el sistema general de seguridad social en salud en el marco de la ley 100 de 1993

No se encontraron estudios desde la Bioética, sobre la noción de abuso. Este término se relaciona generalmente con patrones de fuerza, poder o control y es visto desde el Abuso de Posición Dominante (APD) en el mercado, como una práctica anticompetitiva? que excede los límites de legalidad? permitiendo a quienes ostentan poder de mercado, imponer condiciones, incumplir acuerdos, restringir la competencia y la libre elección. El APD en el Sistema General de Seguridad Social en Salud, es una conducta que no ha sido analizada ni sancionada por los organismos competentes, pero se presume que algunas empresas farmacéuticas, prestadoras y promotoras de salud, entre otras, han abusado de su posición de dominio. Estas últimas Entidades, por vacíos de la ley 100 de 1993 y ausencia de vigilancia y control del Estado, han negado: tanto el acceso a los servicios de salud a los usuarios, obligándolos a interponer tutelas, como el pago a sus proveedores externos de salud.No studies since Bioethics, on the notion of abuse were found. This term is usually associated with patterns of strength, power or control and is seen from the Abuse of the Dominant Position (ADP) in the market, as an anticompetitive practice that exceeds the limits of law allowing those who hold market power, impose conditions, breaching agreements and restrict competition and the free choice. The ADP in the General System of Social Security in Health is conduct that has not been treated or punished by the competent bodies, but presumably some pharmaceutical companies, providers and promoters of Health, among others, abused their dominant position. The latter entities, by gaps in the law 100 of 1993 and the absence of monitoring and control of the state, denied access to health services users, forcing them to interpose guardianships and they denied payment to external providers.Magíster en BioéticaMaestrí

Estrategias de Educación Virtual, para desarrollar niveles de comprensión lectora, en educandos del tercer grado de una Institución Educativa Particular

Las habilidades de comprensión lectora, configuran aptitudes del aprendiz, que van desarrollándose con el transcurrir del tiempo; es decir, su cualificación es gradual y exige una mediación pertinente, en el marco del proceso formativo escolar. En este orden de ideas el problema abordado en el estudio, fue el deficiente desarrollo de los niveles de comprensión lectora, identificado en los educandos del tercer grado de Educación Primaria de la Institución Educativa “Los Toribianitos” del distrito de ciudad de Eten – Chiclayo – Lambayeque. El propósito del estudio, fue sistematizar estrategias de Educación Virtual, fundamentadas en las teorías, sociocognitiva humanista, Interactiva de la Comprensión Lectora, Entornos virtuales de aprendizaje y niveles de comprensión lectora. En materia de resultados, se resalta que el promedio aritmético 11, ubicó a los educandos en el nivel de inferencia, con capacidades para descubrir aspectos y mensajes implícitos, formular hipótesis sobre personajes, deducir enseñanzas y proponer títulos y en cuanto a las conclusiones, se resalta que las Estrategias de Educación virtual, son un sistema pedagógico, curricular didáctico, configurado por componentes como: diagnóstico, fundamentación, actividades, recursos y evaluación; que se materializa mediante una unidad didáctica , estructurada mediante el modelo de la doble T

Nursing Student Teaching-Learning: Resonances and Dissonances of Caring/Care

Objective: To describe and analyze the resonances and dissonances of caring perceived by the student during the teaching-learning process. Method: A qualitative, descriptive study with a phenomenological and dialectical approach. The information was collected utilizing an in-depth interview, using thematic content analysis. Twenty-one nursing students from the ninth and tenth cycles of a private university took part in the study, and the setting was the nursing school in the city of Trujillo. Results: four categories emerged: resonances of care, dissonances, awareness in the practice of human values, and innovative strategies. Conclusion: Teaching-learning with resonances of humanized care is visualized when the teacher is open, attentive, and transmits values, trust, and empathy, generating a sensitive and humane environment. But students also perceive dissonance as teacher neglect generated by negative attitudes. The teaching-learning process requires constant innovation so that nursing care is transmitted in the best way from a humanistic, scientific, ethical, and technological point of view and is experienced by the actors involved: teachers and students

Epidemiology of dengue fever in Guatemala

Dengue fever occurs worldwide and about 1% of cases progress to severe haemorrhage and shock. Dengue is endemic in Guatemala and its surveillance system could document long term trends. We analysed 17 years of country-wide dengue surveillance data in Guatemala to describe epidemiological trends from 2000 to 2016.Data from the national dengue surveillance database were analysed to describe dengue serotype frequency, seasonality, and outbreaks. We used Poisson regression models to compare the number of cases each year with subsequent years and to estimate incidence ratios within serotype adjusted by age and gender. 91,554 samples were tested. Dengue was confirmed by RT-qPCR, culture or NS1-ELISA in 7097 (7.8%) cases and was IgM ELISA-positive in 19,290 (21.1%) cases. DENV1, DENV2, DENV3, and DENV4 were detected in 2218 (39.5%), 2580 (45.9%), 591 (10.5%), and 230 (4.1%) cases. DENV1 and DENV2 were the predominant serotypes, but all serotypes caused epidemics. The largest outbreak occurred in 2010 with 1080 DENV2 cases reported. The incidence was higher among adults during epidemic years, with significant increases in 2005, 2007, and 2013 DENV1 outbreaks, the 2010 DENV2 and 2003 DENV3 outbreaks. Adults had a lower incidence immediately after epidemics, which is likely linked to increased immunity

Teacher performance during the pandemic and its impact today

During the pandemic, teachers reinvented themselves in their work, and the need arose to adapt to the demands of remote education. The aim of this article is to analyse teaching performance during the pandemic and its impact today. The following databases were used to search for information: Scopus, SciELO, ERIC, EBSCO and Academic Onefile. The contents were analysed using Gowin's V methodology, which allowed us to ask the following questions: What happened to teacher performance during the pandemic? What factors influenced teacher performance? What dimensions of teacher performance were prioritised? What is the relationship between managerial leadership and teacher performance? The studies indicate that teacher performance is key to improving the quality of education in an institution. During the pandemic, it was focused on the pedagogical use of technological resources that allowed for the development of learning with students, which is why there was a slight decrease in teacher performance. It is concluded that teaching performance was centred on the empowerment of digital resources and the importance of their evaluation by peers and principals, through the dimensions proposed in the framework of good teaching performance, under two approaches: formative and critical-reflective. Other factors that determined teacher performance were: the pedagogical leadership of the principal, considered as a paradigm and promoter of the organisational culture, and the incentive policy that helped to improve teacher performance because it motivated them intrinsically and extrinsically

Análisis de gestos deportivos de saque con salto en voleibol usando videometría

In the game of volleyball, the technique to execute the serve gesture is essential to be able to hit the ball properly and thus score points against the opposing team. However, this gesture is not always carried out in an efficient biomechanical way, which generates bad shots to the ball and a disadvantage in the game. Therefore, the biokinematics of the technical-sports gesture of some players (experts in jump serve) of the volleyball team of the Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia (Boyacá - Colombia), was studied and evaluated, using the videometry technique, with the objective of determining (qualitatively and quantitatively) trajectories, speeds, accelerations, and joint angles of joints such as: wrist, elbow, shoulder, hip, knee and ankle of the athletes executing the jump serve gestures, with which they were designed and implemented corrective interventions of the athletes’ movement in the jump serve gesture to generate a more efficient and ergonomic stroke during the serve.En el juego del voleibol, la técnica para ejecutar el gesto de saque es fundamental para poder dar un adecuado golpe al balón y así realizar puntos en contra del equipo contrario. Sin embargo, este gesto no siempre se realiza de forma eficiente biomecánicamente hablando, lo que genera malos golpes al balón y desventaja en el juego. Por lo anterior se estudió y evaluó la biocinemática del gesto técnico-deportivo de algunos jugadores (expertos en saque con salto) del equipo de voleibol de la Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia (Boyacá, Colombia), mediante la técnica de videometría, con el objetivo de determinar (cualitativa y cuantitativamente) trayectorias, velocidades, aceleraciones y ángulos articulares de articulaciones como muñeca, codo, hombro, cadera, rodilla y tobillo de los deportistas al ejecutar los gestos de saque con salto, con lo cual se diseñaron e implementaron intervenciones correctivas del movimiento de los deportistas en el gesto de saque con salto para generar un golpe más eficiente y ergonómico durante el saque

Effectiveness and implementation of an online intervention (MINDxYOU) for reducing stress and promote mental health among healthcare workers in Spain : a study protocol for a stepped-wedge cluster randomized trial

The World Health Organization has formally recognized that healthcare professionals are at risk of developing mental health problems; finding ways to reduce their stress is mandatory to improve both their quality of life and, indirectly, their job performance. In recent years, particularly since the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak, there has been a proliferation of online interventions with promising results. The purpose of the present study is twofold: to test the effectiveness of an online, self-guided intervention, MINDxYOU, to reduce the stress levels of healthcare workers; and to conduct an implementation study of this intervention. Additionally, an economic evaluation of the intervention will be conducted. The current study has a hybrid effectiveness-implementation type 2 design. A stepped wedge cluster randomized trial design will be used, with a cohort of 180 healthcare workers recruited in two Spanish provinces (Malaga and Zaragoza). The recruitment stage will commence in October 2022. Frontline health workers who provide direct care to people in a hospital, primary care center, or nursing home setting in both regions will participate. The effectiveness of the intervention will be studied, with perceived stress as the main outcome (Perceived Stress Scale), while other psychopathological symptoms and process variables (e.g., mindfulness, compassion, resilience, and psychological flexibility) will be also assessed as secondary outcomes. The implementation study will include analysis of feasibility, acceptability, adoption, appropriateness, fidelity, penetration, and sustainability. The incremental costs and benefits, in terms of quality-adjusted life years, will be examined by means of cost-utility and cost-effectiveness analyses. MINDxYOU is designed to reduce healthcare workers' stress levels through the practice of mindfulness, acceptance, and compassion, with a special focus on how to apply these skills to healthy habits and considering the particular stressors that these professionals face on a daily basis. The present study will show how implementation studies are useful for establishing the framework in which to address barriers to and promote facilitators for acceptability, appropriateness, adoption, feasibility, fidelity, penetration, and sustainability of online interventions. The ultimate goal is to reduce the research-to-practice gap. This study was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov on 29/06/2022; registration number: NCT05436717

Burnout Among First-Year Medical Students During COVID-19 Pandemic in Mexico: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: The coronavirus pandemic is an international public health emergency without precedence in modern history. It represents a challenge to students’ academic and psychological stability due to the changes it caused in daily life. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and level of burnout in medical students caused by the academic and psychological instability that the pandemic represents. Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was designed using the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey (MBI-SS). This evaluated the emotional exhaustion due to study demands, cynicism, and negative self-academic efficacy. This study was based in the school of medicine of the Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon (UANL) in Monterrey, Mexico, during the Spring semester of 2020. Results: A total of 154 (93 women and 61 men) first-year medical students participated (response rate of 36.4%). Burnout was identified in 14.9% (n=23), and high emotional exhaustion in 53.9% (n=83). Burnout was almost 4 times more likely to develop in men than in women (aOR = 4.8; 95% Confidence Interval=1.7-13.3) when considering age as a covariable in the multivariable model. Conclusion: Further epidemiological studies of burnout syndrome in medical students are needed, and schools should consider promoting mental health and making programs available for their students to help overcome the emotional and social challenges during the pandemic

Empresa fleximuebles

Nuestro trabajo de investigación sobre la idea de negocio de la venta de muebles plegables busca satisfacer las necesidades del mercado, principalmente en los distritos de la zona 6 de Lima Metropolitana. Se ha considerado la demanda de mujeres y hombres entre los 25 y 46 años, que se encuentren viviendo en un departamento o que estén próximos de adquirir uno; pertenecientes al nivel socioeconómico B. Además, se desea generar una ventaja competitiva en brindar productos de alta calidad frente a la competencia, satisfaciendo a nuestros clientes que buscan muebles para ahorrar espacio en su hogar. Por tanto, Fleximuebles ofrecerá dos modelos de muebles plegables en material de madera tornillo, conocida por su durabilidad. Para tal modo, los métodos de investigación fueron las entrevistas y el modelo experimento Pitch, producto mínimo viable (MVP). Con esta información se pudo recopilar resultados favorables que apoyaron nuestras iniciales hipótesis, tal que en las entrevistas el 75% de los entrevistados realiza teletrabajo y el 55% señala tener clases online. Con respecto al Landing page pudimos verificar la aceptación de nuestros productos. Fleximuebles requiere de una inversión inicial de S/22,249.00 soles de los cuales el 40%, equivalente a S/8,900.00 soles, es financiamiento de los accionistas y el 60%, equivalente a S/13,350.00 soles, financiamiento de terceros.Our research work on the business idea of ​​the sale of folding furniture seeks to satisfy the needs of the market, mainly in the districts of zone 6 of Metropolitan Lima. The demand of women and men between the ages of 25 and 46, who are living in an apartment or who are close to acquiring one, has been considered; belonging to socioeconomic level B. In addition, we want to generate a competitive advantage in providing high quality products against the competition, satisfying our customers who are looking for furniture to save space in their home. Therefore, Fleximuebles will offer two models of folding furniture in screw wood material, known for its durability. For this, the research methods were interviews and the experimental model Pitch, minimum viable product (MVP). With this information, it was possible to collect favorable results that supported our initial hypotheses, such that in the interviews 75% of the interviewees carried out teleworking and 55% indicated that they had online classes. Regarding the Landing page, we were able to verify the acceptance of our products. Fleximuebles requires an initial investment of S / 22,249.00 soles, of which 40%, equivalent to S / 8,900.00 soles, is financing from shareholders and 60%, equivalent to S / 13,350.00 soles, financing from third parties.Trabajo de investigació