La memoria histórica en los libros de texto escolares

This article reports the results of a study conducted at the University of León, Spain, and funded by the Spanish Ministry for the Presidency. The aim of the research was to analyze how history textbooks in Spain present the subject of the post civil war era, particularly as regards those aspects related to repression under the Franco regime and anti-Francoist resistance. A review of the textbooks was conducted, focusing especially on those used in the 2nd year of secondary school education, since in accordance with the curriculum this is when Spanish Contemporary History is studied in most detail. Critical Discourse Analysis was the methodology employed to investigate the extent, completeness, orientation and perspective of the content presented. In addition, 610 history teachers were interviewed in order to obtain their opinions regarding the adequacy of the contents presented. The most significant findings indicate that although content related to these topics has begun to be included, the subject is not covered in sufficient depth.Este artículo describe los resultados de la investigación llevada a cabo por la Universidad de León, financiada por el Ministerio de Presidencia, cuyo objetivo ha sido analizar cómo reflejan los libros de texto de Historia de España los contenidos correspondientes al período de la posguerra civil y especialmente los relacionados con la represión de la dictadura franquista y la lucha antifranquista. Se han revisado los manuales de texto, especialmente los de 2º de Bachillerato, por ser el período curricular en el que se trabaja más detenidamente la Historia contemporánea de España. Metodológicamente se ha utilizado el Análisis Crítico del Discurso para indagar sobre la extensión y completud, así como sobre la orientación y visión que presentan de los contenidos, y se han realizado 610 entrevistas a profesorado de Historia sobre su percepción respecto a la adecuación de estos contenidos. Las conclusiones más significativas reflejan que se han empezado a introducir contenidos sobre estos aspectos, aunque no con la suficiente profundidad

Female Principals in Education: Breaking the Glass Ceiling in Spain

Spanish schools are characterised by having a high proportion of female staff. However, statistics show that a proportionately higher number of men hold leadership positions. The aim of this study was to analyse the reasons why this is so, and to determine the motivations and barriers that women encounter in attaining and exercising these positions of greater responsibility and power. Questionnaires were administered to 2,022 female teachers, 430 female principals and 322 male principals. In addition, semi-structured interviews were held with 60 female principals, 14 focus group discussions were held with female principals and 16 autobiographical narratives were compiled with female principals and school inspectors. The reasons identified were related to structural aspects linked to the patriarchal worldview that is still dominant in our society and culture. Nevertheless, we also found motivations among women for attaining and exercising leadership roles.As organizações escolares espanholas são caraterizadas pela grande proporção de mulheres que nelas trabalham. Porém, os dados estatísticos demonstram que, proporcionalmente, o número de homens em cargos de direção é superior. O objetivo deste estudo foi o de analisar as razões que explicam este fenômeno: as motivações e barreiras que as mulheres encontram para ascender e exercer estes cargos de maior responsabilidade e poder através da aplicação de questionários a 2.022 professores, 430 diretores e 322 conselheiros, além da realização de entrevistas com 60 diretores, coordenação de 14 grupos de discussões com diretores e condução de 16 entrevistas autobiográficas com diretores e inspetores de ensino. Os motivos identificados relacionam-se com factores estruturais associados a cosmovisões patriarcais, ainda dominantes na nossa sociedade e cultura. Porém, também foi possível verificar motivações entre as mulheres para ascenderem ao exercício destes cargos diretivos.Las organizaciones escolares españolas se caracterizan por el alto índice de mujeres que trabajan en ellas. Sin embargo, los datos estadísticos demuestran que el número de hombres es superior en proporción en puestos de dirección. El estudio de las razones por las cuales ocurre esto es el principal objetivo de este artículo: las motivaciones y obstáculos que encuentran las mujeres para acceder a estos cargos de mayor responsabilidad y poder y ejercerlos, mediante la aplicación de cuestionarios a 2.022 profesoras, 430 directoras y 322 directores, así como 60 entrevistas semiestructuradas a directoras, 14 grupos de discusión con directoras y 16 autobiografías de directoras e inspectoras de educación. Las causas identificadas tienen que ver con aspectos estructurales, ligados a una cosmovisión patriarcal aún dominante en nuestra sociedad y cultura. Pero también se han hallado motivaciones para el acceso y desempeño del cargo directivo para las mujeres

Implementación lean construction en el proyecto: “instalación del servicio de saneamiento básico, caserío el arenal distrito de Santo Tomas, Cutervo –Cajamarca"

La necesidad de cumplir con fechas estipuladas exactas de terminación de obras civiles, genera que las empresas contratistas busquen la forma de mejorar el avance del proceso constructivo y calidad de las mismas, haciendo uso de innovadoras técnicas de gestión y logística para lograr entregar las obras en los plazos determinados en el contrato y con la puesta del servicio oportuna en beneficio de la población que requiere ser atendida con dicha obra. El objetivo de esta tesis tiene como fin principal complementar el método tradicional de ejecución de obra con los conocimientos de planificación y control pronosticado al aplicar las herramientas de la metodología del Lean Construction en el cumplimiento de plazos, permitiendo aportar nuevas ideas para mejorar la eficacia y eficiencia de las mismas. El presente trabajo de investigación está estructurado según el siguiente orden: Capítulo I: Problema de investigación. Contempla: Realidad problemática a nivel internacional, nacional y local; Trabajos previos a nivel internacional, nacional y local; teorías relacionadas al tema; formulación del problema; delimitación de la investigación; justificación del estudio; hipótesis y objetivos. Capitulo II: Método. Contempla: Diseño de la investigación, variables y operacionalización, población y muestra, técnicas e instrumentos, método de análisis de datos, aspectos éticos. Capitulo III: Resultados. Contempla: El resumen de todos los estudios realizados. Capitulo IV: Discusión. Contempla: La apreciación de los resultados obtenidos. Capítulo V: Conclusiones. Contempla: Los comentarios finales de los resultados obtenidos. Capítulo VI: Recomendaciones. Contempla: Las recomendaciones sugeridas por el tesista. Capítulo VII: Referencias Bibliográficas y Anexos

Analysis of the mining equipment replacement time. A case study focused on drilling rig

[EN] Mining equipment is subjected to degradation throughout its operation lifetime, being the definition of the replacement time for mining equipment a vital question. Requiring accurate information about the performance of the equipment to identify the optimal replacement time. This study determines the replacement time using an improved method, Overall Mining Equipment Effectiveness (OMEE), that analyses the technical factors from mining equipment performance in real-time, such as the technical availability rate, the mechanical availability rate, the production rate and the productivity index. The suitability of the method has been tested using a real open pit mine and information gathered from six drilling rigs, which have been performing around 27,000 engine hours each, over the last twelve years. The results obtained show that the OMME methodology is reliable to analyse the mining equipment performance and determine the technical replacement time.SIThe authors would like to thank the company Umisa for its contribution to the data acquisition and openness to analyse the processes and equipment involved in the mining operation. The publication has been funded by the University of León's 2024 researcher publication grants

A simulation model to assess emission reduction policies in tourism transport: Case study of the Geiranger fjord UNESCO world heritage site in Norway

Tourism transport may lead to significant air emissions and congestion problems on road networks. This is particularly troublesome for nature-based tourism destinations, as they often are in rural areas with low transportation capacities and vulnerable nature. Tourism transport systems are poorly understood, especially multi-modal systems with land and sea dynamics. In this article, we propose a multi-modal transport model that integrates traffic both at land and sea generated by tourism. The model was built on data from an in-situ questionnaire and validated with traffic counts and video recordings for the Geiranger fjord UNESCO world heritage site in Norway. Following a parliament decision to eliminate emissions from sea traffic, four emission reduction scenarios were explored. Results show that cruise-generated tourist buses may significantly contribute to air emissions and the formation of road congestion and emphasize the necessity of having a holistic approach in analyzing consequences of emission reduction policies for tourism transport. The model may be used in transportation planning and policymaking to assess alternative pathways to sustainable tourism transport.publishedVersio

Telework as a Labor Satisfaction Strategy. Findings in Emerging Economies

Satisfaction and flexibility at work are fundamental for new generations. Telework is conceptualized as a modality that allows the employee to work from a place other than the traditional office, usually from home, making use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). This research seeks to relate job satisfaction and teleworking. After a literature review, a survey was designed and sent to Mexican teleworkers. It was found that although there is a clear relationship between job satisfaction and use of telework modality among these employees, there are still issues to resolve among them. Findings show that it is difficult for workers to obtain a balance between time and space devoted to work while they are at home, and the most complicated activity seems to be finding time to do exercise

A Deep Learning Approach for Robust Detection of Bots in Twitter Using Transformers

© 2021 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other worksDuring the last decades, the volume of multimedia content posted in social networks has grown exponentially and such information is immediately propagated and consumed by a significant number of users. In this scenario, the disruption of fake news providers and bot accounts for spreading propaganda information as well as sensitive content throughout the network has fostered applied researh to automatically measure the reliability of social networks accounts via Artificial Intelligence (AI). In this paper, we present a multilingual approach for addressing the bot identification task in Twitter via Deep learning (DL) approaches to support end-users when checking the credibility of a certain Twitter account. To do so, several experiments were conducted using state-of-the-art Multilingual Language Models to generate an encoding of the text-based features of the user account that are later on concatenated with the rest of the metadata to build a potential input vector on top of a Dense Network denoted as Bot-DenseNet. Consequently, this paper assesses the language constraint from previous studies where the encoding of the user account only considered either the metadatainformation or the metadata information together with some basic semantic text features. Moreover, the Bot-DenseNet produces a low-dimensional representation of the user account which can be used for any application within the Information Retrieval (IR) framewor

Chromatin Structure of Ribosomal RNA Genes in Dipterans and Its Relationship to the Location of Nucleolar Organizers

Nucleoli, nuclear organelles in which ribosomal RNA is synthesized and processed, emerge from nucleolar organizers (NORs) located in distinct chromosomal regions. In polytene nuclei of dipterans, nucleoli of some species can be observed under light microscopy exhibiting distinctive morphology: Drosophila and chironomid species display well-formed nucleoli in contrast to the fragmented and dispersed nucleoli seen in sciarid flies. The available data show no apparent relationship between nucleolar morphology and location of NORs in Diptera. The regulation of rRNA transcription involves controlling both the transcription rate per gene as well as the proportion of rRNA genes adopting a proper chromatin structure for transcription, since active and inactive rRNA gene copies coexist in NORs. Transcription units organized in nucleosomes and those lacking canonical nucleosomes can be analyzed by the method termed psoralen gel retarding assay (PGRA), allowing inferences on the ratio of active to inactive rRNA gene copies. In this work, possible connections between chromosomal location of NORs and proportion of active rRNA genes were studied in Drosophila melanogaster, and in chironomid and sciarid species. The data suggested a link between location of NORs and proportion of active rRNA genes since the copy number showing nucleosomal organization predominates when NORs are located in the pericentric heterochromatin. The results presented in this work are in agreement with previous data on the chromatin structure of rRNA genes from distantly related eukaryotes, as assessed by the PGRA.Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao PauloFundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paul

Role of Splicing Regulatory Elements and In Silico Tools Usage in the Identification of Deep Intronic Splicing Variants in Hereditary Breast/Ovarian Cancer Genes

Cancer hereditario de mama y ovario; Pseudoexones; Variantes intrónicas profundas spliceogénicasCàncer hereditari de mama i d'ovari; Pseudoexons; Variants intròniques profundes spliceogèniquesHereditary breast ovarian cancer; Pseudoexons; Spliceogenic deep intronic variantsThe contribution of deep intronic splice-altering variants to hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) is unknown. Current computational in silico tools to predict spliceogenic variants leading to pseudoexons have limited efficiency. We assessed the performance of the SpliceAI tool combined with ESRseq scores to identify spliceogenic deep intronic variants by affecting cryptic sites or splicing regulatory elements (SREs) using literature and experimental datasets. Our results with 233 published deep intronic variants showed that SpliceAI, with a 0.05 threshold, predicts spliceogenic deep intronic variants affecting cryptic splice sites, but is less effective in detecting those affecting SREs. Next, we characterized the SRE profiles using ESRseq, showing that pseudoexons are significantly enriched in SRE-enhancers compared to adjacent intronic regions. Although the combination of SpliceAI with ESRseq scores (considering ∆ESRseq and SRE landscape) showed higher sensitivity, the global performance did not improve because of the higher number of false positives. The combination of both tools was tested in a tumor RNA dataset with 207 intronic variants disrupting splicing, showing a sensitivity of 86%. Following the pipeline, five spliceogenic deep intronic variants were experimentally identified from 33 variants in HBOC genes. Overall, our results provide a framework to detect deep intronic variants disrupting splicing.This research was funded by the Spanish Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) funding an initiative of the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Innovation, partially supported by European Regional Development FEDER Funds, grant numbers PI16/01218 and PI19/01303. AM-F contract is supported by the award ERAPERMED2019-215 granted by AECC FC and by ISCIII thorough AES 2019, both within the ERAPerMed framework”. J.D.-V. contract is supported by the Secretariat for Universities and Research of the Ministry of Business and Knowledge of the Government of Catalonia and the European Social Fund