Estudio de paja como indicador de la historia de las quemas recientes en los páramos de la Reserva Ecológica El Ángel, Carchi-Ecuador

Los páramos son ecosistemas dependientes del fuego. Conocer la historia reciente del fuego permite establecer un régimen ecológicamente adecuado que pueda incluirse en los planes de manejo de los páramos. Aún no se han presentado métodos que permitan estimar el tiempo después de la quema en los páramos que no están dominados por rosetas gigantes. El presente estudio se llevó a cabo en los páramos del Norte del Ecuador y evaluó el potencial de la paja como un indicador de la historia reciente del fuego. Se relacionaron características de los penachos de paja, la altura de los penachos y la cantidad de radiación que llega bajo la vegetación con el tiempo transcurrido después del fuego. A medida que transcurre el tiempo después del fuego, la cobertura basal y el número de penachos de paja disminuyen, pero el tamaño promedio de los penachos puede aumentar por la unificación de penachos pequeños. La altura de los penachos se incrementa con el paso de los años, mientras que la cantidad de radiación que llega bajo la vegetación disminuye. Se determinó que existe correlación entre las variables analizadas pero no existe precisión en la estimación de la edad del fuego. No hay un patrón de cambio claro a través del tiempo después del fuego. La paja no se presenta como un posible indicador de la historia reciente del fuego, ya que solo permite determinar si la edad del fuego es mayor o menor a cinco año

Current and future suitable habitat areas for Nasuella olivacea (Gray, 1865) in Colombia and Ecuador and analysis of its distribution across different land uses

Nasuella olivacea is an endemic mammal from the Andes of Ecuador and Colombia. Due to its rarity, aspects about its natural history, ecology and distribution patterns are not well known, therefore, research is needed to generate knowledge about this carnivore and a first step is studying suitable habitat areas. We performed Ecological Niche Models and applied future climate change scenarios (2.6 and 8.5 RCP) to determine the potential distribution of this mammal in Colombia and Ecuador, with current and future climate change conditions; furthermore, we analysed its distribution along several land covers. We found that N. olivacea is likely to be found in areas where no records have been reported previously; likewise, climate change conditions would increase suitable distribution areas. Concerning land cover, 73.4% of N. olivacea potential distribution was located outside Protected Areas (PA), 46.1% in Forests and 40.3% in Agricultural Lands. These findings highlight the need to further research understudied species, furthering our understanding about distribution trends and responses to changing climatic conditions, as well as informig future PA designing. These are essential tools for supporting wildlife conservation plans, being applicable for rare species whose biology and ecology remain unknown

Dinámicas de endomarketing en el restaurante de comidas rápidas FRISBY S.A.- Valentina Alzate – Natalia Sosa – Laura Gutierrez

The research is conducted in the fast food restaurant FRISBY SA City Pereira during the year 2015 to meet the dynamics of endomarketing and brand building. It is intended for employees of restaurants FRISBY SA de Pereira qualitatively. The endomarketing has been studied for over 25 years; Berry is one of the major references and a pioneer of endomarketing; So in 1981 he was the first to call internal clients to employees. This approach arose from the need to improve people management and customer service. Empirical treatment stimulated different interpretations and conceptualizations on the subject; as a result different applications emerged in the form of development methodologies with some points in common as employee satisfaction and customer. The endomarketing, is a set of strategies that have begun to implement a large number of companies around the world. These strategies are intended to "sell" the company to the employees that form and make sense of belonging. Human resources are one of the largest bases for an organization and gaining a competitive advantage applied to one of the internal marketing models such as the model of Berry. In this dynamic, the importance of analyzing the management of resources is generated. Thus; Pereira, in fast food restaurant, FRISBY SA, evolution, development and marketing of the internal dynamics is analyzed.La investigación es realizada en el restaurante de comidas rápidas FRISBY S.A de la ciudad de Pereira durante el año 2015, para conocer sus dinámicas de endomarketing y la construcción de marca. Va dirigida a los colaboradores de los restaurantes FRISBY S.A de Pereira de forma cualitativa. El endomarketing ha sido estudiado desde hace más de 25 años; Berry es una de las mayores referencias y un pionero del endomarketing; pues, en 1981 fue el primero en llamar a los empleados clientes internos. Este enfoque surgió por la necesidad de mejorar la gestión de personas y la atención a los clientes. El tratamiento empírico incentivó diversas interpretaciones y conceptualizaciones sobre el tema; como consecuencia surgieron distintas aplicaciones en la forma de desarrollo de metodologías con algunos puntos en común como la satisfacción del empleado y el cliente. El endomarketing, es un conjunto de estrategias que se han empezado a implementar en un gran número de empresas alrededor del mundo. Estas estrategias están orientadas a “vender” la empresa a los propios empleados que la conforman y tengan sentido de pertenencia. Los recursos humanos son una de las mayores bases para una organización y la obtención de una ventaja competitiva aplicada en uno de los modelos de marketing interno como lo es el modelo de Berry. De esta dinámica, se genera la importancia del análisis de la gestión de recursos. Por ello; en el restaurante de comidas rápidas pereirano, FRISBY S.A, se analiza la evolución, desarrollo y dinámicas del marketing interno.&nbsp

A comparative analisys of i*-based agent-oriented modeling languages

Agent-oriented models are frequently used in disciplines such as requirements engineering and organizational process modelling. i* is currently one of the most widespread notations used for this purpose. Due to its strategic nature, instead of a single definition, there exist several versions and variants, often not totally defined and even contradictory. In this paper we present a comparative study of the three most widespread i* variants: Eric Yu’s seminal proposal, the Goal-oriented Requirement Language (GRL) and the language used in the TROPOS method. Next, we propose a generic conceptual model to be used as reference framework of these three variants and we show its use for generating specific models for the three mentioned variants, as well as for other existing proposals.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author’s final draft

Análisis comparativo de lenguajes de modelado orientados a objetivos basados en i*

Los modelos orientados a objetivos son usados frecuentemente en disciplinas tales como la ingeniería de requisitos o el modelado de procesos en organizaciones. i* es una de las notaciones más empleadas para construir este tipo de modelos. Desafortunadamente, no existe una definición única de i* sino diferentes versiones y variantes que, con frecuencia, no están totalmente definidas dificultando su comprensión y utilización. En este artículo, se presenta un estudio comparativo de las tres variantes más utilizadas de i*: la propuesta original de Eric Yu, el lenguaje GRL y el lenguaje utilizado en el método TROPOS. A continuación, se formula un modelo conceptual genérico como marco de referencia de las variantes estudiadas, se muestra cómo a partir de este modelo genérico pueden generarse los modelos específicos de cada una, y se evidencia que también puede usarse para clasificar algunas variantes puntuales que encontramos en la literatura.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Hydrogeochemical characterization of an evaporite karst area affected by sinkholes (Ebro Valley, NE Spain)

The main processes controlling the hydrochemistry of an alluvium-covered evaporite karst area with high sinkhole risk (Ebro Valley, NE Spain) are examined by means of multivariate analyses (Principal Component Analysis and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis), ion correlations and geochemical speciation-solubility calculations. The hydrogeochemistry of the studied system seems to be governed by the interaction between the groundwater from the salt-bearing evaporitic karst aquifer and from the overlying Ebro River alluvial aquifer. The observed hydrochemical features in the alluvial-karst aquifer system are mainly determined by the relative contribution of gypsum/anhydrite and halite dissolution, showing a wide spectrum from relatively fresh recharge waters (mainly irrigation waters) to highly evolved groundwater from the evaporitic aquifer. The variability of these contributions is especially evident at sinkhole ponds which, in some cases, seem to be associated with discharge areas of the karst aquifer in the valley bottom alluvium. Calculated saturation indexes suggest that, in contrast to gypsum, the amounts of halite in the sampled portions of evaporitic aquifer are not large enough to attain equilibrium, which is consistent with the predominance of gypsum/anhydrite reported for these materials. Furthermore, the observed Na:Cl and Ca:SO4 correlations and stoichiometries suggest that other possible processes, such as glauberite dissolution or Na/Ca-exchange, generally play a minor role (compared to halite and gypsum dissolution) in this system. Another important process in the system is the dissolution of carbonate minerals (dolomite and, possibly, calcite) fostered by the input of CO2(g), which is probably produced by pedogenic processes. Dolomite dissolution seems to be particularly relevant in the evaporitic materials probably due to dedolomitisation triggered by gypsum/anhydrite dissolution

Issues Year 3. Number 6. Journal of the School of Social Sciences, Humanities and Arts

Las opiniones contenidas en los artículos de esta revista no vinculan a la institución sino que son de exclusiva responsabilidad de los autores, dentro de los principios democráticos de cátedra libre y libertad de expresión, consagrados en el artículo 3° del Estatuto General de la Corporación Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga. El material de esta publicación puede ser reproducido sin autorización, siempre que se mencione su procedencia y la escuela de Ciencias Sociales, Humanidades y Artes de la UNA. reciba un ejemplar de su publicación.Presentación. - 5 Educación y porpensión a aprender y a enseñar. - 13 La formación del profesorado universitario. - 29 Vigencia de los principios de Juan Amos Comenio en las prácticas pedagógicas actuales. - 37 Dámaso Zapata: "Héroe de la paz en las Américas". - 43 Clima social de los centros educativos y hostigamiento psicológico - Una lectura socioconstructiva desde los sistemas autoritarios- . -49 El aprendizaje: Dos perspectivas diferentes del mismo proceso. - 61 La experiencia del aprendizaje mediado: Una opción para el cambio de actitutd del maestro. - 71 El diseño de ambientes de aprendizaje desde una visión constructivista. - 79 Hacia la construcción de preescolares lúdico-científicos colombianos. - 89 Travesía por Nireneotor: Una experiencia de aprendizaje por medio de un ambiente virtual. - 97 Las competencias científicas en el proceso de formaicón de escolares. - 111The opinions contained in the articles of this journal do not bind the institution but are the exclusive responsibility of the authors, within the democratic principles of free teaching and freedom of expression, enshrined in article 3 of the General Statute of the University Corporation. Autonomous of Bucaramanga. The material in this publication may be reproduced without authorization, provided that its origin and the UNA School of Social Sciences, Humanities and Arts are mentioned. receive a copy of your publication

Effectiveness and Safety of the Sequential Use of a Second and Third Anti-TNF Agent in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Results From the Eneida Registry

Background: The effectiveness of the switch to another anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) agent is not known. The aim of this study was to analyze the effectiveness and safety of treatment with a second and third anti-TNF drug after intolerance to or failure of a previous anti-TNF agent in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. Methods: We included patients diagnosed with IBD from the ENEIDA registry who received another anti-TNF after intolerance to or failure of a prior anti-TNF agent. Results: A total of 1122 patients were included. In the short term, remission was achieved in 55% of the patients with the second anti-TNF. The incidence of loss of response was 19% per patient-year with the second anti-TNF. Combination therapy (hazard ratio [HR], 2.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.8-3; P < 0.0001) and ulcerative colitis vs Crohn's disease (HR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.1-2.1; P = 0.005) were associated with a higher probability of loss of response. Fifteen percent of the patients had adverse events, and 10% had to discontinue the second anti-TNF. Of the 71 patients who received a third anti-TNF, 55% achieved remission. The incidence of loss of response was 22% per patient-year with a third anti-TNF. Adverse events occurred in 7 patients (11%), but only 1 stopped the drug. Conclusions: Approximately half of the patients who received a second anti-TNF achieved remission; nevertheless, a significant proportion of them subsequently lost response. Combination therapy and type of IBD were associated with loss of response. Remission was achieved in almost 50% of patients who received a third anti-TNF; nevertheless, a significant proportion of them subsequently lost response

The Research Journey as a Challenge Towards New Trends

The academic community of the department of Risaralda, in its permanent interest in evidencing the results of the research processes that are carried out from the Higher Education Institutions and as a product of the VI meeting of researchers of the department of Risaralda held in November 2021 presents its work: “The journey of research as a challenge towards new trends”, which reflects the result of the latest research and advances in different lines of knowledge in Agricultural Sciences, Health Sciences, Social Sciences and Technology and Information Sciences, which seek to solve and meet the demands of the different sectors. This work would not have been possible without the help of each of the teachers, researchers and authors who presented their articles that make up each of the chapters of the book, to them our gratitude for their commitment, dedication and commitment, since their sole purpose is to contribute from the academy and science to scientific and technological development in the search for the solution of problems and thus contribute to transform the reality of our society and communities. We also wish to extend our gratitude to the institutions of the Network that made this publication possible: UTP, UCP, UNAD, UNIREMINGTON; UNISARC, CIAF, Universidad Libre, Uniclaretiana, Fundación Universitaria Comfamiliar and UNIMINUTO, institutions that in one way or another allowed this work to become a reality, which we hope will be of interest to you.Preface............................................................................................................................7 Chapter 1. Technologies and Engineering Towards a humanization in Engineering using soft skills in training in Engineers.............................................................................................................11 Omar Iván Trejos Buriticá1, Luis Eduardo Muñoz Guerrero Innovative materials in construction: review from a bibliometric analysis....................................................................................................................27 Cristian Osorio Gómez, Daniel Aristizábal Torres, Alejandro Alzate Buitrago, Cristhian Camilo Amariles López Bibliometric review of disaster risk management: progress, trends, and challenges.........................................................................................................51 Alejandro Alzate Buitrago, Gloria Milena Molina Vinasco. Incidence of land coverage and geology, in the unstability of lands of the micro-basin of the Combia creek, Pereira, Risaralda....................................73 Alejandro Alzate Buitrago, Daniel Aristizábal Torres. Chapter 2. Arts, Humanities, and Social Sciences Training experience with teachers teaching mathematics using the inquiry methodology ...............................................................................................95 Vivian Libeth Uzuriaga López, Héctor Gerardo Sánchez Bedoya. Interpretation of the multiple representations of the fears associated to the boarding of limited visual patients in the elective I students’ written productions and low vision ...................................................................................113 Eliana Bermúdez Cardona, Ana María Agudelo Guevara, Caterine Villamarín Acosta. The relevance of local knowledge in social sciences............................................131 Alberto Antonio Berón Ospina, Isabel Cristina Castillo Quintero. Basic education students’ conceptions of conflict a view from the peace for the education....................................................................................................143 Astrid Milena Calderón Cárdenas,Carolina Aguirre Arias, Carolina Franco Ossa, Martha Cecilia Gutiérrez Giraldo, Orfa Buitrago. Comprehensive risk prevention in educational settings: an interdisciplinary and socio-educational approach ............................................................................163 Olga María Henao Trujillo, Claudia María López Ortiz. Chapter 3. Natural and Agricultural Sciences Physicochemical characterization of three substrates used in the deep bedding system in swine .......................................................................................175 Juan Manuel Sánchez Rubio, Andrés Felipe Arias Roldan, Jesús Arturo Rincón Sanz, Jaime Andrés Betancourt Vásquez. Periodic solutions in AFM models........................................................................187 Daniel Cortés Zapata, Alexander Gutiérrez Gutiérrez. Phenology in flower and fruit of Rubus glaucus benth. Cv. Thornless in Risaralda: elements for phytosanitary management .........................................199 Shirley Palacios Castro, Andrés Alfonso Patiño Martínez, James Montoya Lerma, Ricardo Flórez, Harry Josué Pérez. Socio-economic and technical characterization of the cultivation of avocado (Persea americana) in Risaralda..............................................................217 Andrés Alfonso Patiño Martínez, Kelly Saudith Castañez Poveda, Eliana Gómez Correa. Biosecurity management in backyard systems in Santa Rosa de Cabal, Risaralda................................................................................................................227 Julia Victoria Arredondo Botero, Jaiver Estiben Ocampo Jaramillo, Juan Sebastián Mera Vallejo, Álvaro de Jesús Aranzazu Hernández. CONTENTS Physical-chemical diagnosis of soils in hillside areas with predominance of Lulo CV. La Selva production system in the department of Risaralda.............241 Adriana Patricia Restrepo Gallón, María Paula Landinez Montes, Jimena Tobón López. Digestibility of three concentrates used in canine feeding....................................271 María Fernanda Mejía Silva, Valentina Noreña Sánchez, Gastón Adolfo Castaño Jiménez. Chapter 4. Economic, Administrative, and Accounting Sciences Financial inclusion in households from socioeconomic strata 1 and 2 in the city of Pereira ..................................................................................................285 Lindy Neth Perea Mosquera, Marlen Isabel Redondo Ramírez, Angélica Viviana Morales. Internal marketing strategies as a competitive advantage for the company Mobilautos SAS de Dosquebradas........................................................................303 Inés Montoya Sánchez, Sandra Patricia Viana Bolaños, Ana María Barrera Rodríguez. Uses of tourist marketing in the tourist sector of the municipality of Belén de Umbría, Risaralda.............................................................................................319 Ana María Barrera Rodríguez, Paola Andrea Echeverri Gutiérrez, María Camila Parra Buitrago, Paola Andrea Martín Muñoz, Angy Paola Ángel Vélez, Luisa Natalia Trejos Ospina. Territorial prospective of Risaralda department (Colombia), based on the SDGS...............................................................................................................333 Juan Guillermo Gil García, Samanta Londoño Velásquez. Chapter 5. Health and Sports Sciences Performance evaluation in times of pandemic. What do medical students think?.......................................................................................................353 Samuel Eduardo Trujillo Henao, Rodolfo A. Cabrales Vega, Germán Alberto Moreno Gómez. The relevance of the therapist’s self and self-reference in the training of psychologists.....................................................................................................371 Maria Paula Marmolejo Lozano, Mireya Ospina Botero. Habits related to oral health which influence lifestyle of elder people in a wellness center for the elderly in Pereira 2020. .............................................387 Isadora Blanco Pérez, Olga Patricia Ramírez Rodríguez, Ángela María Rincón Hurtado. Analysis of the suicide trend in the Coffee Region in Colombia during the years 2012-2018 ..............................................................................................405 Germán Alberto Moreno Gómez, Jennifer Nessim Salazar, Jairo Franco Londoño, Juan Carlos Medina Osorio. Hind limb long bone fractures in canines and felines...........................................419 María Camila Cruz Vélez, Valentina Herrera Morales, Alba Nydia Restrepo Jiménez, Lina Marcela Palomino, Gabriel Rodolfo Izquierdo Bravo. Prevalence of overweight and obesity in children in the rural and urban area of Risaralda....................................................................................................439 Angela María Álvarez López, Angela Liceth Pérez Rendón, Alejandro Gómez Rodas, Luis Enrique Isaza Velásquez. Chapter 6. Architecture, Design and Advertising The artisan crafts of Risaralda, characteristics, importance, and risks within the Colombian Coffee Cultural Landscape, CCCL....................................457 Yaffa Nahir Ivette Gómez Barrera, Javier Alfonso López Morales