Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS): application case for TrustedX

Cada año el precio del hardware disminuye haciendo posible a las empresas comprar servidores cada vez más potentes. Sin embargo, los gastos operacionales como el mantenimiento de estos servidores crece cada año, por lo que se hace necesario administrar mejor nuestros recursos hardware o incluso se puede pensar en externalizar este servicio. Las redes de Infraestructura como un Servicio (IaaS) nos ofrecen la posibilidad de administrar de una manera más optima los recursos hardware. Gracias a la virtualización de los recursos hardware, estas redes ofrecen únicamente el hardware que el usuario necesita, creando y destruyendo máquinas virtuales en tiempo real para adaptarse a la potencia que el usuario necesita en cada momento. De esta forma, una red IaaS necesitará menos recursos hardware que una red de servidores convencionales para realizar la misma carga de trabajo. La reducción en el número de servidores aporta una reducción de costes para las empresas, tanto a nivel de adquisición de nuevos servidores, como el mantenimiento de los mismos al reducirse las tareas de administración. Además la reducción del número de servidores nos aporta una disminución del consumo eléctrico (tanto del consumo de los servidores como del consumo en refrigeración). Por tanto, las soluciones de IaaS ofrecen a las empresas la posibilidad de un crecimiento más sostenible, tanto económicamente como desde una vista medioambiental. En este proyecto se describirán las características de una red de IaaS y se ofrecerá un caso práctico de uso. En la solución que ofreceremos, usaremos Eucalyptus como software de IaaS y crearemos un portal web para administrar los recursos de la red. Los recursos software ofrecidos por nuestra red se basarán en servidores de TrustedX. TrustedX es una plataforma de servicios web que aporta mecanismos de seguridad y confianza en Arquitecturas Orientadas a Servicios (SOA). TrustedX ha sido desarrollado por Safelayer Secure Communications

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS): application case for TrustedX

Cada año el precio del hardware disminuye haciendo posible a las empresas comprar servidores cada vez más potentes. Sin embargo, los gastos operacionales como el mantenimiento de estos servidores crece cada año, por lo que se hace necesario administrar mejor nuestros recursos hardware o incluso se puede pensar en externalizar este servicio. Las redes de Infraestructura como un Servicio (IaaS) nos ofrecen la posibilidad de administrar de una manera más optima los recursos hardware. Gracias a la virtualización de los recursos hardware, estas redes ofrecen únicamente el hardware que el usuario necesita, creando y destruyendo máquinas virtuales en tiempo real para adaptarse a la potencia que el usuario necesita en cada momento. De esta forma, una red IaaS necesitará menos recursos hardware que una red de servidores convencionales para realizar la misma carga de trabajo. La reducción en el número de servidores aporta una reducción de costes para las empresas, tanto a nivel de adquisición de nuevos servidores, como el mantenimiento de los mismos al reducirse las tareas de administración. Además la reducción del número de servidores nos aporta una disminución del consumo eléctrico (tanto del consumo de los servidores como del consumo en refrigeración). Por tanto, las soluciones de IaaS ofrecen a las empresas la posibilidad de un crecimiento más sostenible, tanto económicamente como desde una vista medioambiental. En este proyecto se describirán las características de una red de IaaS y se ofrecerá un caso práctico de uso. En la solución que ofreceremos, usaremos Eucalyptus como software de IaaS y crearemos un portal web para administrar los recursos de la red. Los recursos software ofrecidos por nuestra red se basarán en servidores de TrustedX. TrustedX es una plataforma de servicios web que aporta mecanismos de seguridad y confianza en Arquitecturas Orientadas a Servicios (SOA). TrustedX ha sido desarrollado por Safelayer Secure Communications

Implementación de un servidor proxy SIP en JAVA

La Voz sobre IP (VoIP) es la tecnología capaz de transmitir conversaciones telefónicas a través de una red de conmutación de paquetes, en vez de la red de conmutación de circuitos tradicional. Este documento explica las ventajas y los inconvenientes de la Voz sobre IP, así como sus protocolos más utilizados (H.323 y SIP). Veremos con mayor extensión el protocolo SIP, ya que es el de mayor futuro y los diversos componentes de la arquitectura SIP. Además veremos como esta arquitectura SIP es usada en un marco móvil 3G como es IMS (IP Multimedia Subsystem). En concreto nos centraremos en cómo se ha desarrollado un servidor SIP con funciones de registro, proxy y redirección, inspirándose en un proxy SIP ya existente. Este servidor cuenta además de una herramienta web para la gestión de los usuarios. Además veremos como el servidor proxy implementado se puede integrar dentro de la arquitectura IMS y que funciones desempeña

Characterization and Distillation of Pyrolysis Liquids Coming from Polyolefins Segregated of MSW for Their Use as Automotive Diesel Fuel

This document is the Accepted Manuscript version of a Published Work that appeared in final form in Energy & Fuels, copyright © American Chemical Society after peer review and technical editing by the publisher. To access the final edited and published work see https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.0c00403.[EN] The liquids resulting from pyrolysis of industrial plastic waste (IPW) and postconsumer colored and white plastic film waste (PCPW and PWPW, respectively) at the pilot scale (80 kg/h) were widely characterized by different techniques to assess their potential as both petrochemical raw material and automotive diesel fuel. It was found that pyrolysis liquids mainly consisted of hydrocarbons in the diesel boiling point range (180-380 degrees C), amounting to approximately 50-55 vol %. Therefore, the results were further contrasted with limits established by the EN 590:2014 + A1:2017 standard for automotive diesel fuel. Although pyrolysis liquids showed good properties, they do not conform to some key fuel parameters for diesel engines, such as density, distillation curve, kinematic viscosity, flash point, and cold filter plugging point. To improve these properties, PWPW pyrolysis liquids were distilled in the diesel range and the liquid fractions were characterized according to automotive diesel standards. It was found that the diesel fraction met all specifications with the exception of the cold filter plugging point (-10 to 4 degrees C vs -10 degrees C winter/0 degrees C summer) and density (800-807 vs 820 kg/m(3)). To accomplish these standards, a blend of diesel obtained from PWPW pyrolysis liquids and commercial diesel (50/50 wt %) was also prepared and analyzed. Results revealed that the blend met the requirements of the 21 parameters demanded by the standard for a product to be marketed and used as automotive fuel in diesel engine vehicles.The authors acknowledge the financial support of the Centre for the Development of Industrial Technology (grant number IDI-20150730) and the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades (Spain) (grant number DI-16-08700).Gala, A.; Guerrero, M.; Guirao, B.; Domine, ME.; Serra Alfaro, JM. (2020). Characterization and Distillation of Pyrolysis Liquids Coming from Polyolefins Segregated of MSW for Their Use as Automotive Diesel Fuel. Energy & Fuels. 34(5):5969-5982. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.0c00403S59695982345Al-Salem, S. M., Lettieri, P., & Baeyens, J. (2009). Recycling and recovery routes of plastic solid waste (PSW): A review. Waste Management, 29(10), 2625-2643. doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2009.06.004Hestin, M.; Faninger, T.; Milios, L. 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Lung Ultrasound, Clinical and Analytic Scoring Systems as Prognostic Tools in SARS-CoV-2 Pneumonia: A Validating Cohort

At the moment, several COVID-19 scoring systems have been developed. It is necessary to determine which one better predicts a poor outcome of the disease. We conducted a single-center prospective cohort study to validate four COVID-19 prognosis scores in adult patients with confirmed infection at ward. These are National Early Warning Score (NEWS) 2, Lung Ultrasound Score (LUS), COVID-19 Worsening Score (COWS), and Spanish Society of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology score (SEIMC Score). Our outcomes were the combined variable “poor outcome” (noninvasive mechanical ventilation, intubation, intensive care unit admission, and death at 28 days) and death at 28 days. Scores were analysed using univariate logistic regression models, receiver operating characteristic curves, and areas under the curve. Eighty-one patients were included, from which 21 had a poor outcome, and 9 died. We found a statistically significant correlation between poor outcome and NEWS2, LUS > 15, and COWS. Death at 28 days was statistically correlated with NEWS2 and SEIMC Score although COWS also performs well. NEWS2, LUS, and COWS accurately predict poor outcome; and NEWS2, SEIMC Score, and COWS are useful for anticipating death at 28 days. Lung ultrasound is a diagnostic tool that should be included in COVID-19 patients evaluation

HTLV infection in persons with sexually transmitted diseases in Spain

Background: HTLV-1 infection is a neglected disease, despite estimates of 10 million people infected worldwide and producing life-threatening illnesses in 10% of carriers. Sexual transmission is the main route of contagion. However, HTLV-1 is not listed among sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Methods: Serum from all consecutive individuals who had attended six STI clinics across Spain during the last 12 months were tested for HTLV antibodies using a commercial enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Reactive samples were confirmed by immunoblot. Results: A total of 2,524 samples were examined. The majority (1,936; 76.7%) belonged to men, of whom 676 (34.9%) were men who have sex with men (MSM) receiving HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis. Although native Spaniards predominated (1,470; 58.2%), up to 593 (23.5%) came from Latin America and 139 (5.5%) were African. A total of 26 individuals were initially EIA reactive and immunoblot confirmed 5 as HTLV-1 and 7 as HTLV-2. All but one HTLV-1+ case came from Latin America. Three were men and two were women. Among Latin Americans, the HTLV-1 seroprevalence was 0.67%. In contrast, all seven HTLV-2+ were native Spaniards and former injection drug users, and all but one were HIV+. Conclusion: The rate of HTLV infection among individuals with STIs in Spain is 0.5%, which is greater than in the general population. These results support the introduction of universal HTLV screening in persons who attend clinics for STIs

The CARBA-MAP study: national mapping of carbapenemases in Spain (2014–2018)

Introduction:Infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) and carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, including isolates producing acquired carbapenemases, constitute a prevalent health problem worldwide. The primary objective of this study was to determine the distribution of the different carbapenemases among carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE, specifically Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae complex, and Klebsiella aerogenes) and carbapenemase-producing P. aeruginosa (CPPA) in Spain from January 2014 to December 2018.Methods: A national, retrospective, cross-sectional multicenter study was performed. The study included the first isolate per patient and year obtained from clinical samples and obtained for diagnosis of infection in hospitalized patients. A structured questionnaire was completed by the participating centers using the REDCap platform, and results were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics 29.0.0.Results: A total of 2,704 carbapenemase-producing microorganisms were included, for which the type of carbapenemase was determined in 2692 cases: 2280 CPE (84.7%) and 412 CPPA (15.3%), most often using molecular methods and immunochromatographic assays. Globally, the most frequent types of carbapenemase in Enterobacterales and P. aeruginosa were OXA-48-like, alone or in combination with other enzymes (1,523 cases, 66.8%) and VIM (365 cases, 88.6%), respectively. Among Enterobacterales, carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae was reported in 1821 cases (79.9%), followed by E. cloacae complex in 334 cases (14.6%). In Enterobacterales, KPC is mainly present in the South and South-East regions of Spain and OXA-48-like in the rest of the country. Regarding P. aeruginosa, VIM is widely distributed all over the country. Globally, an increasing percentage of OXA-48-like enzymes was observed from 2014 to 2017. KPC enzymes were more frequent in 2017–2018 compared to 2014–2016.Discussion: Data from this study help to understand the situation and evolution of the main species of CPE and CPPA in Spain, with practical implications for control and optimal treatment of infections caused by these multi-drug resistant organisms

Depth-specific fluctuations of gene expression and protein abundance modulate the photophysiology in the seagrass Posidonia oceanica

Here we present the results of a multiple organizational level analysis conceived to identify acclimative/adaptive strategies exhibited by the seagrass Posidonia oceanica to the daily fluctuations in the light environment, at contrasting depths. We assessed changes in photophysiological parameters, leaf respiration, pigments, and protein and mRNA expression levels. The results show that the diel oscillations of P. oceanica photophysiological and respiratory responses were related to transcripts and proteins expression of the genes involved in those processes and that there was a response asynchrony between shallow and deep plants probably caused by the strong differences in the light environment. The photochemical pathway of energy use was more effective in shallow plants due to higher light availability, but these plants needed more investment in photoprotection and photorepair, requiring higher translation and protein synthesis than deep plants. The genetic differentiation between deep and shallow stands suggests the existence of locally adapted genotypes to contrasting light environments. The depth-specific diel rhythms of photosynthetic and respiratory processes, from molecular to physiological levels, must be considered in the management and conservation of these key coastal ecosystems.Portuguese funds from FCT - Foundation for Science and Technology [UID/Multi/04326/2013]; SZN PhD fellowship via the Open University; ESF COST Action Seagrass Productivity: From Genes to Ecosystem Management [ES0906]info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

It is time to define an organizational model for the prevention and management of infections along the surgical pathway : a worldwide cross-sectional survey

Background The objectives of the study were to investigate the organizational characteristics of acute care facilities worldwide in preventing and managing infections in surgery; assess participants' perception regarding infection prevention and control (IPC) measures, antibiotic prescribing practices, and source control; describe awareness about the global burden of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and IPC measures; and determine the role of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic on said awareness. Methods A cross-sectional web-based survey was conducted contacting 1432 health care workers (HCWs) belonging to a mailing list provided by the Global Alliance for Infections in Surgery. The self-administered questionnaire was developed by a multidisciplinary team. The survey was open from May 22, 2021, and June 22, 2021. Three reminders were sent, after 7, 14, and 21 days. Results Three hundred four respondents from 72 countries returned a questionnaire, with an overall response rate of 21.2%. Respectively, 90.4% and 68.8% of participants stated their hospital had a multidisciplinary IPC team or a multidisciplinary antimicrobial stewardship team. Local protocols for antimicrobial therapy of surgical infections and protocols for surgical antibiotic prophylaxis were present in 76.6% and 90.8% of hospitals, respectively. In 23.4% and 24.0% of hospitals no surveillance systems for surgical site infections and no monitoring systems of used antimicrobials were implemented. Patient and family involvement in IPC management was considered to be slightly or not important in their hospital by the majority of respondents (65.1%). Awareness of the global burden of AMR among HCWs was considered very important or important by 54.6% of participants. The COVID-19 pandemic was considered by 80.3% of respondents as a very important or important factor in raising HCWs awareness of the IPC programs in their hospital. Based on the survey results, the authors developed 15 statements for several questions regarding the prevention and management of infections in surgery. The statements may be the starting point for designing future evidence-based recommendations. Conclusion Adequacy of prevention and management of infections in acute care facilities depends on HCWs behaviours and on the organizational characteristics of acute health care facilities to support best practices and promote behavioural change. Patient involvement in the implementation of IPC is still little considered. A debate on how operationalising a fundamental change to IPC, from being solely the HCWs responsibility to one that involves a collaborative relationship between HCWs and patients, should be opened.Peer reviewe

It is time to define an organizational model for the prevention and management of infections along the surgical pathway: a worldwide cross-sectional survey

Background The objectives of the study were to investigate the organizational characteristics of acute care facilities worldwide in preventing and managing infections in surgery; assess participants' perception regarding infection prevention and control (IPC) measures, antibiotic prescribing practices, and source control; describe awareness about the global burden of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and IPC measures; and determine the role of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic on said awareness. Methods A cross-sectional web-based survey was conducted contacting 1432 health care workers (HCWs) belonging to a mailing list provided by the Global Alliance for Infections in Surgery. The self-administered questionnaire was developed by a multidisciplinary team. The survey was open from May 22, 2021, and June 22, 2021. Three reminders were sent, after 7, 14, and 21 days. Results Three hundred four respondents from 72 countries returned a questionnaire, with an overall response rate of 21.2%. Respectively, 90.4% and 68.8% of participants stated their hospital had a multidisciplinary IPC team or a multidisciplinary antimicrobial stewardship team. Local protocols for antimicrobial therapy of surgical infections and protocols for surgical antibiotic prophylaxis were present in 76.6% and 90.8% of hospitals, respectively. In 23.4% and 24.0% of hospitals no surveillance systems for surgical site infections and no monitoring systems of used antimicrobials were implemented. Patient and family involvement in IPC management was considered to be slightly or not important in their hospital by the majority of respondents (65.1%). Awareness of the global burden of AMR among HCWs was considered very important or important by 54.6% of participants. The COVID-19 pandemic was considered by 80.3% of respondents as a very important or important factor in raising HCWs awareness of the IPC programs in their hospital. Based on the survey results, the authors developed 15 statements for several questions regarding the prevention and management of infections in surgery. The statements may be the starting point for designing future evidence-based recommendations. Conclusion Adequacy of prevention and management of infections in acute care facilities depends on HCWs behaviours and on the organizational characteristics of acute health care facilities to support best practices and promote behavioural change. Patient involvement in the implementation of IPC is still little considered. A debate on how operationalising a fundamental change to IPC, from being solely the HCWs responsibility to one that involves a collaborative relationship between HCWs and patients, should be opened