Hidrogéis carregados de emulsão de alginato, gelatina e amido para proteção e entrega controlada de compostos bioativos

Orientador: Ana Carla Kawazoe SatoTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de AlimentosResumo: A indústria de alimentos vem investindo cada vez mais no desenvolvimento de produtos fortificados, que estão associados à melhora da saúde e bem-estar. No entanto, muitos compostos bioativos, como nutracêuticos (vitaminas, minerais e nutrientes) apresentam sensibilidade às condições adversas, como solubilidade limitada, baixa biodisponibilidade e instabilidade química, o que pode provocar mudanças físicas ou fisiológicas em suas estruturas, limitando sua eficiência. Neste contexto, polímeros naturais desempenham um papel importante, principalmente para aplicação em alimentos, por serem biodegradáveis e apresentarem biocompatibilidade. Neste trabalho, hidrogéis de amido, gelatina e alginato, carregados de emulsões (emulsion filled hydrogels) foram desenvolvidos visando estabilidade, proteção e entrega controlada de bioativos. O amido foi empregado nas formas gelatinizada e em grânulos. A caracterização dos biopolímeros utilizados, assim como as melhores condições para produção dos sistemas de encapsulação foram avaliadas. O estudo inicial para produção das emulsões, apontou maior estabilidade em pH 6, comparado ao pH 3. Em pH 3 os biopolímeros apresentaram cargas superficiais opostas, levando a complexação e desestabilização das emulsões. No entanto, as diferentes forças iônicas permitiram a produção de microgéis com camadas de recobrimento, possibilitando aplicação de bioativos com propriedades funcionais e de entrega variadas em um mesmo sistema de encapsulação (núcleo, matriz e camadas). O processo de sonicação e a concentração de gelatina também foram avaliados para produção das emulsões. A sonicação possibilitou redução da viscosidade, carga superficial e propriedades interfaciais das soluções biopoliméricas, favorecendo a formação das emulsões, juntamente com a utilização de gelatina em concentrações acima de 1% (m/m). As propriedades funcionais dos hidrogéis com amido gelatinizado ou não foram avaliadas durante a digestão, por simulação in vitro. Os grânulos de amido garantiram maior proteção da rede, preenchendo os poros e reduzindo a degradação. A encapsulação de ?-caroteno na rede contendo amido não gelatinizado, confirmou maior estabilidade na digesta. Os resultados obtidos com este estudo, podem ser úteis para o desenvolvimento de produtos alimentícios fortificados com componentes bioativos hidrofílicos e lipofílicos, com mecanismos de proteção e degradação específicos, além de entrega controlada aos sítios de ação desejadosAbstract: The food industry has increased investments in development of fortified products that are associated with improved health and well-being. However, many bioactive compounds such as nutraceuticals (vitamins, minerals and nutrients) presents sensitivity to adverse conditions, such as limited solubility, low bioavailability and chemical instability, which can cause physical or physiological changes in their structures, limiting bioactive efficiency. These limitations can be overcome with the development of encapsulation systems for promoting greater stability, protection and target delivery of bioactive. In this context, natural biopolymers play an important role, especially for food application, as they are biodegradable and biocompatible. In this work, emulsion filled hydrogels of starch, gelatin and alginate were developed aiming stability, protection and controlled delivery of bioactive. Starch was used in gelatinized and non-gelatinized form. The biopolymers characterization, as well as the best conditions for encapsulation systems production were evaluated. The study for emulsion production showed higher stability at pH 6, compared to pH 3. At pH 3 biopolymers presented opposite surface charges, leading to emulsion complexation and destabilization. However, the opposite ionic forces allowed to produce microgels with coating layers, enabling the application of bioactive with varying functional and delivery properties in the same encapsulation system (core, matrix and layers). The sonication process and gelatin concentration were also evaluated for emulsion production. Sonication allowed reduction of viscosity, surface charge and interfacial properties of biopolymer solutions, favoring the formation of emulsions, associated with the use of gelatin in concentrations above 1 % (w/w). The functional properties of hydrogels with gelatinized or non-gelatinized starch were evaluated during digestion by in vitro simulation. Starch granules ensured greater protection of the network, filling the pores and reducing degradation. The encapsulation of ?-carotene in the network containing starch granules confirmed greater stability on digesta. The results obtained with this study may be useful for the development of fortified food products, with hydrophilic and lipophilic bioactive compounds, with specific protection and degradation mechanisms, besides delivery properties to the desired action sitesDoutoradoEngenharia de AlimentosDoutora em Engenharia de Alimentos88882.329561/2019-01CAPE

Pandemia da Covid-19: vivências de mães de lactentes que nasceram prematuros

Objetivo: Conocer las experiencias de madres de bebés que nacieron prematuros en la pandemia de Covid-19. Método: Estudio cualitativo basado en la Teoría Bioecológica del Desarrollo Humano, desarrollado en una maternidad pública en Paraíba, Brasil, entre junio y julio de 2020 con 21 madres de bebés que nacieron prematuros, mediante entrevista semiestructurada. Los datos se sometieron a análisis temático inductivo. Resultados: Las madres conocen las medidas de prevención, transmisión y síntomas de la enfermedad, según se informa en los medios, pero tienen diferentes percepciones sobre el aislamiento social. Sus experiencias estuvieron impregnadas de dificultades económicas, menor apoyo social y estrés emocional. Consideraciones finales: Se recomienda monitorear la salud del niño y brindar apoyo social al binomio madre-hijo de manera remota, para que no se rompa la continuidad del vínculo y el cuidado de la familia en este momento de vulnerabilidad. Palabras clave: Infecciones por Coronavirus. Madres. Recien nacido prematuro

Cuidando de quem nos cuida: Uma proposta de ação acerca da qualidade de vida do trabalhador / Taking care of those who care for us: A proposed action on the worker's quality of life

Objetivo: Descrever uma ação voltada para a saúde do trabalhador, com intervenções educativas e Práticas Integrativas e Complementares em Saúde. Métodos: Trata-se de um relato de experiência de cunho descritivo, sobre uma ação realizada em comemoração ao dia do servidor público, em quatro etapas na Universidade do Estado do Pará, localizada na cidade de Tucuruí/PA, em outubro de 2019. Relato de experiência: Participaram do evento 42 funcionários do centro universitário do sistema de educação público do município em estudo, sendo no total 24 do sexo feminino e 18 do masculino, entre a faixa etária de 18 a 60 anos de idade. Dessa forma, para a melhor interação do público alvo, realizou-se um planejamento dos temas sobre a saúde mental e nutrição dos trabalhadores e a constelação familiar. Conclusão: Ações voltadas para   o equilíbrio biopsicossocial dos trabalhadores, são fundamentais para o seu bem estar, bem como sua qualidade de vida. Ressalta-se, portanto, a necessidade promoção   intervenções para a saúde deste público em questão

Consistent patterns of common species across tropical tree communities

Trees structure the Earth’s most biodiverse ecosystem, tropical forests. The vast number of tree species presents a formidable challenge to understanding these forests, including their response to environmental change, as very little is known about most tropical tree species. A focus on the common species may circumvent this challenge. Here we investigate abundance patterns of common tree species using inventory data on 1,003,805 trees with trunk diameters of at least 10 cm across 1,568 locations1,2,3,4,5,6 in closed-canopy, structurally intact old-growth tropical forests in Africa, Amazonia and Southeast Asia. We estimate that 2.2%, 2.2% and 2.3% of species comprise 50% of the tropical trees in these regions, respectively. Extrapolating across all closed-canopy tropical forests, we estimate that just 1,053 species comprise half of Earth’s 800 billion tropical trees with trunk diameters of at least 10 cm. Despite differing biogeographic, climatic and anthropogenic histories7, we find notably consistent patterns of common species and species abundance distributions across the continents. This suggests that fundamental mechanisms of tree community assembly may apply to all tropical forests. Resampling analyses show that the most common species are likely to belong to a manageable list of known species, enabling targeted efforts to understand their ecology. Although they do not detract from the importance of rare species, our results open new opportunities to understand the world’s most diverse forests, including modelling their response to environmental change, by focusing on the common species that constitute the majority of their trees.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 3663 population-representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and adults

Background Underweight and obesity are associated with adverse health outcomes throughout the life course. We estimated the individual and combined prevalence of underweight or thinness and obesity, and their changes, from 1990 to 2022 for adults and school-aged children and adolescents in 200 countries and territories. Methods We used data from 3663 population-based studies with 222 million participants that measured height and weight in representative samples of the general population. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends in the prevalence of different BMI categories, separately for adults (age ≥20 years) and school-aged children and adolescents (age 5–19 years), from 1990 to 2022 for 200 countries and territories. For adults, we report the individual and combined prevalence of underweight (BMI <18·5 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2). For schoolaged children and adolescents, we report thinness (BMI <2 SD below the median of the WHO growth reference) and obesity (BMI >2 SD above the median). Findings From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity in adults decreased in 11 countries (6%) for women and 17 (9%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 that the observed changes were true decreases. The combined prevalence increased in 162 countries (81%) for women and 140 countries (70%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. In 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity was highest in island nations in the Caribbean and Polynesia and Micronesia, and countries in the Middle East and north Africa. Obesity prevalence was higher than underweight with posterior probability of at least 0·80 in 177 countries (89%) for women and 145 (73%) for men in 2022, whereas the converse was true in 16 countries (8%) for women, and 39 (20%) for men. From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of thinness and obesity decreased among girls in five countries (3%) and among boys in 15 countries (8%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80, and increased among girls in 140 countries (70%) and boys in 137 countries (69%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. The countries with highest combined prevalence of thinness and obesity in school-aged children and adolescents in 2022 were in Polynesia and Micronesia and the Caribbean for both sexes, and Chile and Qatar for boys. Combined prevalence was also high in some countries in south Asia, such as India and Pakistan, where thinness remained prevalent despite having declined. In 2022, obesity in school-aged children and adolescents was more prevalent than thinness with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 among girls in 133 countries (67%) and boys in 125 countries (63%), whereas the converse was true in 35 countries (18%) and 42 countries (21%), respectively. In almost all countries for both adults and school-aged children and adolescents, the increases in double burden were driven by increases in obesity, and decreases in double burden by declining underweight or thinness. Interpretation The combined burden of underweight and obesity has increased in most countries, driven by an increase in obesity, while underweight and thinness remain prevalent in south Asia and parts of Africa. A healthy nutrition transition that enhances access to nutritious foods is needed to address the remaining burden of underweight while curbing and reversing the increase in obesit

American College of Rheumatology Provisional Criteria for Clinically Relevant Improvement in Children and Adolescents With Childhood-Onset Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

10.1002/acr.23834ARTHRITIS CARE & RESEARCH715579-59

Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022 : a pooled analysis of 3663 population-representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and adults

A list of authors and their affiliations appears online. A supplementary appendix is herewith attached.Background: Underweight and obesity are associated with adverse health outcomes throughout the life course. We estimated the individual and combined prevalence of underweight or thinness and obesity, and their changes, from 1990 to 2022 for adults and school-aged children and adolescents in 200 countries and territories. Methods: We used data from 3663 population-based studies with 222 million participants that measured height and weight in representative samples of the general population. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends in the prevalence of different BMI categories, separately for adults (age ≥20 years) and school-aged children and adolescents (age 5–19 years), from 1990 to 2022 for 200 countries and territories. For adults, we report the individual and combined prevalence of underweight (BMI 2 SD above the median). Findings: From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity in adults decreased in 11 countries (6%) for women and 17 (9%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 that the observed changes were true decreases. The combined prevalence increased in 162 countries (81%) for women and 140 countries (70%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. In 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity was highest in island nations in the Caribbean and Polynesia and Micronesia, and countries in the Middle East and north Africa. Obesity prevalence was higher than underweight with posterior probability of at least 0·80 in 177 countries (89%) for women and 145 (73%) for men in 2022, whereas the converse was true in 16 countries (8%) for women, and 39 (20%) for men. From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of thinness and obesity decreased among girls in five countries (3%) and among boys in 15 countries (8%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80, and increased among girls in 140 countries (70%) and boys in 137 countries (69%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. The countries with highest combined prevalence of thinness and obesity in school-aged children and adolescents in 2022 were in Polynesia and Micronesia and the Caribbean for both sexes, and Chile and Qatar for boys. Combined prevalence was also high in some countries in south Asia, such as India and Pakistan, where thinness remained prevalent despite having declined. In 2022, obesity in school-aged children and adolescents was more prevalent than thinness with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 among girls in 133 countries (67%) and boys in 125 countries (63%), whereas the converse was true in 35 countries (18%) and 42 countries (21%), respectively. In almost all countries for both adults and school-aged children and adolescents, the increases in double burden were driven by increases in obesity, and decreases in double burden by declining underweight or thinness. Interpretation: The combined burden of underweight and obesity has increased in most countries, driven by an increase in obesity, while underweight and thinness remain prevalent in south Asia and parts of Africa. A healthy nutrition transition that enhances access to nutritious foods is needed to address the remaining burden of underweight while curbing and reversing the increase in obesity.peer-reviewe

Production of symbiotic gelatin-alginate microgels and simulation of controlled release in gastrointestinal conditions

Orientador: Ana Carla Kawazoe SatoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de AlimentosResumo: Muitos efeitos benéficos à saúde são atribuídos ao consumo de alimentos funcionais, como probióticos e prebióticos. No entanto, para que os probióticos exerçam suas funções, devem resistir às condições de processamento, armazenamento e ao trato digestivo, visto que os probióticos são sensíveis à temperatura, acidez ou até mesmo oxigênio. Neste contexto, a produção de microcápsulas visa oferecer proteção e possibilitar a liberação controlada deste ativo no sítio de ação desejado. Este estudo objetivou a produção de microgéis de alginato e gelatina por gelificação iônica para proteção de probióticos ("Lactobacillus acidophilus"), assim como a avaliação da influência da adição de frutoligossacarídeos (FOS) na matriz de encapsulação. No estudo preliminar, foram analisadas características reológicas e morfológicas das formulações de alginato e gelatina com adição de FOS em concentrações variadas, a fim de otimizar a interação entre proteína, oligo e polissacarídeos, possibilitando a formação de sistemas com características reológicas desejáveis para utilização como modificadores de textura ou sistemas de encapsulação. A partir desses ensaios foi estabelecida a concentração de 3% de FOS, juntamente com alginato (1% m/v) e gelatina (1,5% m/v) para produção dos sistemas de encapsulação. Probiótico livre, microgéis probióticos e simbióticos foram adicionados em iogurte e avaliados quanto à viabilidade ao armazenamento (4°C), ao longo de 28 dias. A associação de probióticos e prebióticos promoveu maior sobrevivência dos "Lactobacillus acidophilus" ao longo do período de armazenamento. No ensaio in vitro das condições gastrointestinais, os microgéis de alginato e gelatina (AG) e alginato, gelatina e FOS 3% (F3) foram resistentes às condições gástricas, permanecendo íntegras e desintegraram-se em meio intestinal, liberando o material encapsulado no sitio de ação. A contagem dos probióticos livres apresentou maior redução ao longo da passagem pelo trato gástrico simulado. A avaliação das características morfológicas e físico-químicas mostrou que os microgéis foram eficientes para proteção dos microrganismos, garantindo a sobrevivência e viabilidade dos probióticos durante o processo de microencapsulação, resistência aos fluidos digestivos por simulação 'in vitro' e estabilidade ao armazenamento em condições controladasAbstract: Many beneficial effects are attributed to the consumption of functional foods like prebiotics and probiotics. However, for probiotics exert their functions, they need resist the conditions of processing, storage and gastric conditions during passage through the stomach tract, since they are sensitive to temperature, acidity or oxygen. In this context, the production of microcapsules aims to provide protection and enable the controlled release of these compounds at the desired site of action. This study aimed to produce alginate and gelatin microcapsules by ionic gelation for probiotic protection ("Lactobacillus acidophilus"), as well as evaluating the influence of addition of fructooligosaccharides (FOS) in the biopolymeric system. In the preliminary study, rheological and morphological characteristics were analyzed for alginate, gelatin formulations with addition of FOS in varying concentrations, to optimize the interaction between the protein, oligo and polysaccharides, allowing the formation systems with desirable rheological characteristics for use as modifiers texture or encapsulation systems. From these assays, the following ratios were established: alginate (1% w/v), gelatin (1.5% w/v) and FOS (3% w/v) for the production of encapsulating systems. Free probiotic, probiotic and symbiotic microcapsules were added to yogurt and evaluated regarding their viability to storage (4°C) over 28 days. The combination of probiotics and prebiotics resulted in higher survival of "Lactobacillus acidophilus" during the storage period. In vitro assay of gastrointestinal conditions showed that alginate-gelatin microcapsules (AG) and alginate-gelatin-FOS 3% (F3) were resistant to gastric conditions. These microcapsules disintegrated in the intestinal conditions, releasing the encapsulated material in the desired site of action. Free probiotics showed lower viability along the passage through the simulated gastric tractMestradoEngenharia de AlimentosMestra em Engenharia de Alimentos130498/2014-9CNP