Arrendamento de terras: estudo de caso no território meio oeste de Santa Catarina

Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agroecossistemas, Florianópolis, 2019.A forma de acesso a terra condiciona diversos elementos ligados à reprodução social de diferentes categorias de agricultores, especialmente, suas formas de viver e agir em relação à terra. No Brasil predomina o uso por agricultores que detém o título de propriedade, mas os recenseamentos recentes registram forte crescimento por não proprietários, fenômeno pouco estudado nacionalmente. Esta tese de doutorado objetivou analisar a dinâmica dos contratos formais e informais firmados entre arrendatários e arrendadores de terras com diferentes perfis socioeconômicos, com ênfase para situações que envolvem unidades agrícolas familiares. Ao operar concomitantemente como unidade de produção e de consumo, as famílias têm como objetivo principal suprir as necessidades básicas de seus membros. Contudo, a diferenciação demográfica da família altera a dinâmica produtiva da unidade de produção, existindo fases do ciclo de vida familiar em que se buscam mais ou menos terras. Para aprofundar o entendimento do arrendamento realizou-se a análise da legislação agrária brasileira, sua comparação com outros países em que há forte presença desse fenômeno e um estudo de caso, o qual teve como recorte geográfico uma região com indícios de forte presença desse tipo de contrato, o Meio Oeste Catarinense. Nos seis municípios procedeu-se a coleta de dados qualitativos através de catorze entrevistas com gestores municipais e 34 questionários semiestruturados com agricultores e proprietários de terras (catorze arrendadores e vinte arrendatários). A análise histórica da legislação agrária brasileira registra poucas alterações no que concerne ao arrendamento de terras, as quais tendem a privilegiar os proprietários. Em que pese a baixa segurança legal conferida aos arrendatários, quando comparado a outros países, os dados censitários registram o crescimento no acesso via arrendamento, inclusive entre agricultores de base familiar. No caso estudado verifica-se inclusive que formas de acesso não titulada (ex. indígenas) e por agricultores pobres não lhes garante maior poder de negociação, sendo essa mediada pela oferta e procura. Os arrendatários são geralmente agricultores consolidados que buscam otimizar o parque de máquinas ampliado nas últimas décadas a partir de políticas públicas de crédito subsidiado. Com dificuldade de dar início a um novo ciclo de vida familiar pela ausência de sucessores e idade avançada, os arrendadores buscam manter o patrimônio e o vínculo com o meio rural. Ao comparar com outros países, o crescimento desse mecanismo de acesso a terra aponta para a necessidade de aumentar os mecanismos de governança que confiram ao arrendamento de rural segurança para investimentos produtivos com vistas a fomentar o desenvolvimento rural. Sua articulação com políticas públicas que tratem do tema da sucessão rural pode ainda contribuir para que jovens agricultores permaneçam ou voltem para o meio rural sem contrair uma grande dívida com a aquisição de um imóvel rural.Abstract : The mode of access to land determines several elements related to the social reproduction of diverse categories of farmers, especially theirs ways of living and behaving regarding the land In Brazil, there is a predominance of farmers who own the title, but the recent censuses register a strong growth of cultivation by non-owners a phenomenon that has had little study nationally. This Ph.D thesis aimed at analyzing the dynamics of formal and informal contracts signed between lessees and landlords with different socioeconomic profiles, with emphasis on situations that involve family farms. By operating concurrently as a unit of production and consumption, households have as their main objective to meet the basic needs of their members. However, the demographic differentiation of the family changes the productive dynamics of the production unit, there are phases of the family life cycle in which more or less land is sought. In order to enhance the understanding of the lease, the Brazilian agrarian legislation was analyzed, as it was compared with other countries in which there is a strong presence of this phenomenon and a case study was carried out as geographic cut a region with indications of a strong presence of this type of contract, the Midwest of Santa Catarina. In the six municipalities, qualitative data were collected through fourteen interviews with municipal managers and 34 semi-structured questionnaires with farmers and landowners (fourteen lessors and twenty tenants). The historical analysis of the Brazilian agrarian legislation registers few changes changes concerning the lease the lease of lands, which tend to favor the owners. Despite the low small security granted to tenants, when compared to other countries, census data show growth in access through rental, even among family-based farmers. In the case studied, even unqualified (eg indigenous) forms of access and poor farmers are not guaranteed them greater negotiation power, which is mediated by supply and demand. Tenants are generally consolidated farmers who seek to optimize the machinery park expanded in the last decades from publicly subsidized credit policies. With the difficulty of starting a new family life cycle due to the absence of successors and old age, the lessors seek to maintain the patrimony and the bond with the rural environment. Compared with other countries, the growth of this land access mechanism points to the need to increase the mechanisms of governance that make leasing rural productive investments safe for rural development. Its articulation with public policies that deal with the theme of rural succession can also contribute to young farmers to stay or return to rural areas without incurring a large debt with the acquisition of a rural property

Panorama da agricultura orgânica: levantamento dos estabelecimentos no estado da Bahia

A agricultura orgânica tem se mostrado uma alternativa viável de inclusão produtiva para agricultores familiares. Neste sentido, este estudo objetiva analisar o Contexto da agricultura orgânica do estado da Bahia, pois este estado apresenta o maior número de estabelecimen-tos da agricultura familiar no Brasil. A pesquisa baseou-se em análise de dados secundários, especificamente a partir do Cadastro Nacional de Produtores Orgânicos. Em comparação aos estados nordestinos a Bahia ocupa apenas a sexta colocação no número de produtores acreditados como orgânicos, com 373 produtores. A ausência de organizações de certifica-ção participativa no estado, demonstra certa desarticulação entre os atores que atuam na produção orgânica na Bahia, o que promoveria ampliação dos mercados de produtos orgâni-cos para os produtores que já realizaram a transição, bem como proporcionaria a entrada de outros produtores

PROGRAMA NACIONAL DE ALIMENTAÇÃO ESCOLAR: UMA ABORDAGEM DAS COMPRAS INSTITUCIONAIS NAS MICRORREGIÕES DA QUARTA COLÔNIA E VALE DO JAGUARI DO ESTADO DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/2236130812653This paper aims to analyze institutional purchases of products from family farming at the Quarta Colônia and Vale do Jaguari microregions. In this regards, 16 nutritionists who are technicians responsible for the National School Feeding Programme (PNAE) in the municipalities that take part in those microregions were interviewed between September and November, 2013. Results show that both microregions purchases over the 30% prescribed by law, which highlights advances in institutional purchases from family farming for school feeding. Besides, the programme also contributes to the development of the socio-economics of rural communities and foster networking of food production and consumption expanding local and regional markets contributing to improve feeding quality. Thus, it is concluded that PNAE is an important key to promote food security and to add value to products from family farming.http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/2236130812653O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar as compras institucionais dos produtos da agricultura familiar nas microrregiões da Quarta Colônia e do Vale do Jaguari. Para tanto, foram entrevistadas 16 nutricionistas entre os meses de setembro a novembro de 2013, responsáveis técnicas pelo Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE) nos municípios que compõem estas microrregiões. Os resultados revelam que os municípios pesquisados compram acima dos 30% previstos em lei, o que evidencia avanços nas compras institucionais da agricultura familiar para a alimentação escolar. Além disso, o programa promove o desenvolvimento socioeconômico do rural e propicia a articulação de produção e consumo de alimentos dinamizando os mercados locais e regionais contribuindo para a melhoria da qualidade da alimentação. Conclui-se que o PNAE é um importante instrumento na promoção da segurança alimentar e na valorização da agricultura familiar

COVID-19 and Lockdown, as Lived and Felt by University Students

In the last 2 years, the COVID-19 pandemic has spread all over the world, forcing the closure of universities, among other unusual measures in recent history. (1) Background: This work is based on the study HOUSE-ULisbon, a survey carried out during the second confinement (March–May 2021) in Portugal with the collaboration of all the Faculties of the University of Lisbon (UL). The present work aims to explore gender differences in how first-year college students experienced and felt COVID-19 and the second confinement. (2) Methods: A questionnaire was carried out. In total, 976 university students (19.66 years (SD = 4.033); Min = 17 and Max = 65) from the first year of the UL were included, of which 69.5% (n = 678) were female, and 30.5% were male (n = 298). SPSS v. 26 was used for quantitative data and MAXQDA 2020 for qualitative data. (3) Results: Overall, students reported various symptoms of physical and mental discomfort (especially females). Statistically significant differences were found in the problems that could arise from the pandemic, such as the prevalence of higher anxiety and worries by females, and online gaming by males. In coping strategies, differences were found in leisure and family relationships, with greater difficulty on the female side. Social interaction was perceived as difficult or very difficult by both genders. As strategies for future pandemics, they highlighted a concerted effort between the government and media in the transmission of messages to the population, facilitating information, knowledge and adoption of protective behaviors. (4) Conclusions: These results are important data for activating or maintaining resources and services for first-year university students, who in some university institutions were supported during the pandemic by psychological, material (e.g., computers, internet), and financial support measures, which are now diminished or extinct. The impacts on their lives will certainly not be extinguished post-pandemic, and health, education, and public policy measures should be prioritized for this group. These results are important data for activating resources and services for students, informing health and education professionals, and supporting public policiesinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

COVID-19 and lockdown, as lived and felt by university students

© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).In the last 2 years, the COVID-19 pandemic has spread all over the world, forcing the closure of universities, among other unusual measures in recent history. (1) Background: This work is based on the study HOUSE-ULisbon, a survey carried out during the second confinement (March-May 2021) in Portugal with the collaboration of all the Faculties of the University of Lisbon (UL). The present work aims to explore gender differences in how first-year college students experienced and felt COVID-19 and the second confinement. (2) Methods: A questionnaire was carried out. In total, 976 university students (19.66 years (SD = 4.033); Min = 17 and Max = 65) from the first year of the UL were included, of which 69.5% (n = 678) were female, and 30.5% were male (n = 298). SPSS v. 26 was used for quantitative data and MAXQDA 2020 for qualitative data. (3) Results: Overall, students reported various symptoms of physical and mental discomfort (especially females). Statistically significant differences were found in the problems that could arise from the pandemic, such as the prevalence of higher anxiety and worries by females, and online gaming by males. In coping strategies, differences were found in leisure and family relationships, with greater difficulty on the female side. Social interaction was perceived as difficult or very difficult by both genders. As strategies for future pandemics, they highlighted a concerted effort between the government and media in the transmission of messages to the population, facilitating information, knowledge and adoption of protective behaviors. (4) Conclusions: These results are important data for activating or maintaining resources and services for first-year university students, who in some university institutions were supported during the pandemic by psychological, material (e.g., computers, internet), and financial support measures, which are now diminished or extinct. The impacts on their lives will certainly not be extinguished post-pandemic, and health, education, and public policy measures should be prioritized for this group. These results are important data for activating resources and services for students, informing health and education professionals, and supporting public policies.Ana Cerqueira—Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) PhD Grant (SFRH/BD/148403/2019); Fábio Botelho Guedes—Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) PhD Grant (SFRH/BD/148299/2019).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Low-level laser therapy and anesthetic infiltration for orofacial pain in patients with fibromyalgia : a randomized clinical trial

To compare the analgesic effect of anesthetic infiltration of lidocaine 2% and low-level laser therapy (LLLT) by GaAlAs into tender points of patients with orofacial pain and fibromyalgia (FM). A randomized clinical trial was performed with adults (N=66) that were allocated into two groups (1:1): Group A received LLLT irradiation by Diode Laser GaAlAs (780nm) with expositions twice a week during six weeks and Group B was treated with anesthetic infiltration of lidocaine 2% without vasoconstrictor once a week for four weeks. The pain assessment included the Visual Analogic Scale (VAS) and tenderness to palpation. No dropout and adverse effect was observed during the study. The pain decreased significantly in each group after the treatment (p=0.0001, ?=1.0), even though no statistical difference was found between both treatments (p=0.46, ?= 0.82). The presence of tender points decreased after both treatments, with responsively in some types of masticatory muscles (p<0.05) except posterior temporalis muscle. The patients? perception showed that both treatments were effective and a few patients reported that the treatment did not improve welfare. The LLLT by GaAlAs and anesthetic infiltration of lidocaine 2% were equally effective to control orofacial pain in FM individuals

Uma visão abrangente acerca do diagnóstico e do gerenciamento clínico da Doença Celíaca

A Doença Celíaca (DC) é uma condição autoimune desencadeada pela ingestão de glúten em indivíduos geneticamente predispostos, levando a danos na mucosa do intestino delgado e uma ampla gama de manifestações clínicas. Embora sua prevalência global seja estimada em cerca de 1%, muitos casos permanecem subdiagnosticados, o que é influenciado por fatores como geografia, genética e demografia. A DC pode se manifestar em qualquer idade, apresentando sintomas gastrointestinais e extraintestinais, tornando o diagnóstico um desafio. O tratamento principal é a adesão estrita a uma dieta sem glúten, mas isso enfrenta obstáculos, incluindo desafios sociais, econômicos e psicológicos. Além disso, a não adesão à dieta pode resultar em complicações graves, como osteoporose e câncer intestinal. Portanto, a conscientização, a pesquisa e o aprofundamento dos mecanismos patogênicos são essenciais para melhorar o diagnóstico, o manejo e a qualidade de vida dos pacientes com DC. O alto custo da dieta sem glúten e as implicações psicossociais são desafios adicionais que precisam ser abordados. Portanto, uma abordagem multidisciplinar que envolve profissionais de saúde, pesquisa contínua e conscientização é fundamental para enfrentar os desafios da DC e melhorar o prognóstico dos pacientes afetados

Erratum to: The study of cardiovascular risk in adolescents – ERICA: rationale, design and sample characteristics of a national survey examining cardiovascular risk factor profile in Brazilian adolescents

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