Entrevista forense y revictimización : un análisis psicojurídico del abordaje judicial del abuso sexual infantil

RESUMEN: El abuso sexual infantil es una forma de violencia hacia los menores configurada como delito, se presenta en todos los contextos y compromete el componente biopsicosocial de la salud del menor. Es un fenómeno creciente en Colombia, que obliga a crear estrategias que faciliten una adecuada indagación e investigación penal, de allí la relevancia de la Entrevista Forense, la cual permite obtener información útil, relevante y suficiente respecto a los hechos, a través de un enfoque diferencial, que considera los factores emocionales y madurativos del desarrollo cognitivo de la víctima, propendiendo por su bienestar, debido a los riesgos de revictimización propios del proceso penal. Esta investigación se centró en el análisis de los componentes prácticos y técnicos que conducen a la revictimización en la Entrevista Forense, a través de una metodología fenomenológica-hermenéutica, articulada al análisis documental y entrevistas semiestructuradas a investigadores judiciales, observándose que, si bien la Entrevista Forense es en sí misma un escenario revictimizante, su adecuado abordaje previene la exposición del menor a procedimientos no controlados que afecten su bienestar. Por otro lado, en Colombia las dificultades institucionales, técnicas, prácticas y de formación, problematizan esta práctica, afectando su finalidad y con ello el proceso penal mismo.ABSTRACT: Child sexual abuse is a form of violence against minors configured as a crime, it occurs in all contexts and compromises the biopsychosocial component of the child's health. It is a growing phenomenon in Colombia, which forces the creation of strategies that facilitate an adequate criminal investigation and investigation, hence the relevance of the Forensic Interview, which allows us to obtain useful, relevant and sufficient information regarding the facts through a differential approach, which considers the emotional and maturational factors of the victim's cognitive development, promoting their well-being despite the risks of re-victimization of the criminal process. This research focused on the analysis of the practical and technical components that lead to the re-victimization in Forensic Interview, through a phenomenological-hermeneutic methodology, articulated to documentary analysis and semi-structured interviews with judicial investigators, noting that although Forensic Interview is itself a revictimizing space, its proper approach prevents the child's exposure to uncontrolled procedures that affect their well-being. On the other hand, in Colombia, the institutional, technical, practical and training difficulties make this practice problematic, affecting its purpose and with it the criminal process itself

Salud y posición socio-económica: evidencia empírica reciente en el panorama internacional y en España

ABSTRACTOne of the main goals in modern welfare societies is to guarantee equality in health and the access to health care of all citizens. However, there is an extensive literature which documents that in practice self-reported measures of health, mortality rates, chronic illnesses and other health indicators are inversely related to socio-economic position. This article aims at reviewing the scientific literature which examines the complex relationship between income, education and occupation with the level of health, focusing on the increasing recent literature about the impact on health and health inequalities of economic cycles. We also devote a section in this article to discuss some of the recent public initiatives to attenuate socio economic related inequalities in health in Spain as well as in other developed countries. An important conclusion of this paper is that in spite of the well documented literature about the existence inequalities in health related to socio economic characteristics, public initiatives to attenuate and monitor inequalities are limited, at least in the Spanish context.Uno de los objetivos básicos de la mayor parte de las modernas economías del bienestar es garantizar el derecho a la salud y a la cobertura sanitaria a sus ciudadanos en condiciones de igualdad. No obstante, son numerosos los estudios que encuentran que en la práctica la autovaloración del nivel de salud, la tasa de mortalidad o el nivel de enfermedades crónicas, entre otros indicadores de salud, tienen una relación inversa con la posición socio-económica. El objeto de este trabajo es, por tanto, realizar una revisión de la literatura científica que analiza la compleja relación entre el nivel de renta, el nivel educativo y la ocupación con los niveles en salud, prestando especial interés a la literatura reciente que estudia el efecto de la crisis y de los ciclos económicos, en particular, en la salud y en las desigualdades en salud. Asimismo, dedicamos una sección de este trabajo a comentar algunas de las iniciativas puestas en práctica desde el ámbito público para tratar de aminorar las desigualdades socio económicas en salud tanto en España como en otros países de nuestro entorno. El trabajo concluye resaltando que pese a la abundante evidencia empírica que documenta la existencia de importantes desigualdades en salud relacionadas con características socio-económicas, tanto las iniciativas públicas destinadas a su reducción como los sistemas de monitoreo de las mismas son limitadas, al menos en el contexto español. ABSTRACTOne of the main goals in modern welfare societies is to guarantee equality in health and the access to health care of all citizens. However, there is an extensive literature which documents that in practice self-reported measures of health, mortality rates, chronic illnesses and other health indicators are inversely related to socio-economic position. This article aims at reviewing the scientific literature which examines the complex relationship between income, education and occupation with the level of health, focusing on the increasing recent literature about the impact on health and health inequalities of economic cycles. We also devote a section in this article to discuss some of the recent public initiatives to attenuate socio economic related inequalities in health in Spain as well as in other developed countries. An important conclusion of this paper is that in spite of the well documented literature about the existence inequalities in health related to socio economic characteristics, public initiatives to attenuate and monitor inequalities are limited, at least in the Spanish context.&nbsp

Ω-slow Solutions and Be Star Disks

As the disk formation mechanism(s) in Be stars is(are) as yet unknown, we investigate the role of rapidly rotating radiation-driven winds in this process. We implemented the effects of high stellar rotation on m-CAK models accounting for the shape of the star, the oblate finite disk correction factor, and gravity darkening. For a fast rotating star, we obtain a two-component wind model, i.e., a fast, thin wind in the polar latitudes and an Ω-slow, dense wind in the equatorial regions. We use the equatorial mass densities to explore Hα emission profiles for the following scenarios: (1) a spherically symmetric star, (2) an oblate star with constant temperature, and (3) an oblate star with gravity darkening. One result of this work is that we have developed a novel method for solving the gravity-darkened, oblate m-CAK equation of motion. Furthermore, from our modeling we find that (a) the oblate finite disk correction factor, for the scenario considering the gravity darkening, can vary by at least a factor of two between the equatorial and polar directions, influencing the velocity profile and mass-loss rate accordingly, (b) the Hα profiles predicted by our model are in agreement with those predicted by a standard power-law model for following values of the line-force parameters: , and , and (c) the contribution of the fast wind component to the Hα emission line profile is negligible; therefore, the line profiles arise mainly from the equatorial disks of Be stars.Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y GeofísicasInstituto de Astrofísica de La Plat

Ω-slow Solutions and Be Star Disks

As the disk formation mechanism(s) in Be stars is(are) as yet unknown, we investigate the role of rapidly rotating radiation-driven winds in this process. We implemented the effects of high stellar rotation on m-CAK models accounting for the shape of the star, the oblate finite disk correction factor, and gravity darkening. For a fast rotating star, we obtain a two-component wind model, i.e., a fast, thin wind in the polar latitudes and an Ω-slow, dense wind in the equatorial regions. We use the equatorial mass densities to explore Hα emission profiles for the following scenarios: (1) a spherically symmetric star, (2) an oblate star with constant temperature, and (3) an oblate star with gravity darkening. One result of this work is that we have developed a novel method for solving the gravity-darkened, oblate m-CAK equation of motion. Furthermore, from our modeling we find that (a) the oblate finite disk correction factor, for the scenario considering the gravity darkening, can vary by at least a factor of two between the equatorial and polar directions, influencing the velocity profile and mass-loss rate accordingly, (b) the Hα profiles predicted by our model are in agreement with those predicted by a standard power-law model for following values of the line-force parameters: , and , and (c) the contribution of the fast wind component to the Hα emission line profile is negligible; therefore, the line profiles arise mainly from the equatorial disks of Be stars.Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y GeofísicasInstituto de Astrofísica de La Plat

Exploiting multiple ASR outputs for a spoken language understanding task

The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01931-4_19In this paper, we present an approach to Spoken Language Understanding, where the input to the semantic decoding process is a composition of multiple hypotheses provided by the Automatic Speech Recognition module. This way, the semantic constraints can be applied not only to a unique hypothesis, but also to other hypotheses that could represent a better recognition of the utterance. To do this, we have developed an algorithm to combine multiple sentences into a weighted graph of words, which is the input to the semantic decoding process. It has also been necessary to develop a specific algorithm to process these graphs of words according to the statistical models that represent the semantics of the task. This approach has been evaluated in a SLU task in Spanish. Results, considering different configurations of ASR outputs, show the better behavior of the system when a combination of hypotheses is considered.This work is partially supported by the Spanish MICINN under contract TIN2011-28169-C05-01, and under FPU Grant AP2010-4193Calvo Lance, M.; García Granada, F.; Hurtado Oliver, LF.; Jiménez Serrano, S.; Sanchís Arnal, E. (2013). Exploiting multiple ASR outputs for a spoken language understanding task. En Speech and Computer. Springer Verlag (Germany). 8113:138-145. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01931-4_19S1381458113Tür, G., Mori, R.D.: Spoken Language Understanding: Systems for Extracting Semantic Information from Speech, 1st edn. Wiley (2011)Fiscus, J.G.: A post-processing system to yield reduced word error rates: Recognizer output voting error reduction (ROVER). In: Proceedings of the 1997 IEEE Workshop on Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding, pp. 347–354. IEEE (1997)Larkin, M.A., Blackshields, G., Brown, N.P., Chenna, R., McGettigan, P.A., McWilliam, H., Valentin, F., Wallace, I.M., Wilm, A., Lopez, R., Thompson, J.D., Gibson, T.J., Higgins, D.G.: ClustalW and ClustalX version 2.0. Bioinformatics 23, 2947–2948 (2007)Sim, K.C., Byrne, W.J., Gales, M.J.F., Sahbi, H., Woodland, P.C.: Consensus network decoding for statistical machine translation system combination. In: IEEE Int. Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (2007)Bangalore, S., Bordel, G., Riccardi, G.: Computing Consensus Translation from Multiple Machine Translation Systems. In: Proceedings of IEEE Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding Workshop (ASRU 2001), pp. 351–354 (2001)Calvo, M., Hurtado, L.-F., García, F., Sanchís, E.: A Multilingual SLU System Based on Semantic Decoding of Graphs of Words. In: Torre Toledano, D., Ortega Giménez, A., Teixeira, A., González Rodríguez, J., Hernández Gómez, L., San Segundo Hernández, R., Ramos Castro, D. (eds.) IberSPEECH 2012. CCIS, vol. 328, pp. 158–167. Springer, Heidelberg (2012)Hakkani-Tür, D., Béchet, F., Riccardi, G., Tür, G.: Beyond ASR 1-best: Using word confusion networks in spoken language understanding. Computer Speech & Language 20, 495–514 (2006)Benedí, J.M., Lleida, E., Varona, A., Castro, M.J., Galiano, I., Justo, R., López de Letona, I., Miguel, A.: Design and acquisition of a telephone spontaneous speech dialogue corpus in Spanish: DIHANA. In: Proceedings of LREC 2006, Genoa, Italy, pp. 1636–1639 (2006

Ruta de avistamiento punta caribana

Se presenta la propuesta ecotúristica denominada ruta de avistamiento Punta Caribana resultado de los procesos de investigación del Complejo Tecnológico Agroindustrial, Pecuario y Turístico del SENA Urabá, en el marco de la convocatoria Colciencias ideas para el cambio del proyecto Plataforma de avistamiento para tortugas en la playa Bobalito, Lechugal, Necoclí – Antioquia, utilizando iluminación especial y energía alternativa: propuesta de manejo y conservación.The ecotourism proposal called the Punta Caribana sighting route is presented as a result of the research processes of the Agroindustrial, Livestock and Tourism Technology Complex of SENA Urabá, within the framework of the Colciencias call for ideas for the change of the project. Turtle watching platform on the beach Bobalito, Lechugal, Necoclí - Antioquia, using special lighting and alternative energy: management and conservation proposal.Presentación -- Ruta de avistamiento Punta Caribana -- Asociación ACAETUR -- ¿Quiénes somos? -- Objetivos -- Valores corporativos -- Nuestra historia -- Guías locales -- Ubicación geográfica de la playa el Bobalito en la vereda Lechugal -- Recorrido inicial “Caminando te contamos nuestra historia” -- “Recorrido guiado en la plataforma de avistamiento de tortugas marinas” Bienvenida -- Actividades de conservación y preservación ¡Yo quiero ser voluntario! -- Ruta # 1 Cerro del Águila “caminata ecológica” -- Ruta # 2 Recorrido guiado “Ciénagas Marimonda y Salado” -- Ruta # 3 Estuario natural “Ensenada de Rionegro” -- Ruta # 4 Volcán de lodo “Madre Selva” -- Gastronomía local -- Recomendaciones -- Especificaciones del paquete -- Agradecimientos 16. Bibliografíana19 página

Ruta de avistamiento punta caribana

Se presenta la propuesta ecotúristica denominada ruta de avistamiento Punta Caribana resultado de los procesos de investigación del Complejo Tecnológico Agroindustrial, Pecuario y Turístico del SENA Urabá, en el marco de la convocatoria Colciencias ideas para el cambio del proyecto Plataforma de avistamiento para tortugas en la playa Bobalito, Lechugal, Necoclí – Antioquia, utilizando iluminación especial y energía alternativa: propuesta de manejo y conservación.The ecotourism proposal called the Punta Caribana sighting route is presented as a result of the research processes of the Agroindustrial, Livestock and Tourism Technology Complex of SENA Urabá, within the framework of the Colciencias call for ideas for the change of the project. Turtle watching platform on the beach Bobalito, Lechugal, Necoclí - Antioquia, using special lighting and alternative energy: management and conservation proposal.Presentación -- Ruta de avistamiento Punta Caribana -- Asociación ACAETUR -- ¿Quiénes somos? -- Objetivos -- Valores corporativos -- Nuestra historia -- Guías locales -- Ubicación geográfica de la playa el Bobalito en la vereda Lechugal -- Recorrido inicial “Caminando te contamos nuestra historia” -- “Recorrido guiado en la plataforma de avistamiento de tortugas marinas” Bienvenida -- Actividades de conservación y preservación ¡Yo quiero ser voluntario! -- Ruta # 1 Cerro del Águila “caminata ecológica” -- Ruta # 2 Recorrido guiado “Ciénagas Marimonda y Salado” -- Ruta # 3 Estuario natural “Ensenada de Rionegro” -- Ruta # 4 Volcán de lodo “Madre Selva” -- Gastronomía local -- Recomendaciones -- Especificaciones del paquete -- Agradecimientos 16. Bibliografíana19 página

Cuando estudiamos pertenencias étnicas y educación ¿nos ayudan los modelos de análisis basados en categorías étnicas?

Este texto se presentó como comunicación al II Congreso Internacional de Etnografía y Educación: Migraciones y Ciudadanías. Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, 5-8 Septiembre 2008.El presente texto tiene por objeto compartir una serie de reflexiones sobre la forma en la que estamos realizando trabajo etnográfico en el campo social infantil, analizar el por qué de algunas categorías y esquemas teóricos que estamos utilizando, y la necesidad de construir nuevas herramientas conceptuales que nos ayuden a afinar más en las realidades complejas que observamos. Parte de las propias perplejidades de la autora a la hora de realizar su tesis doctoral sobre etnicidad en la infancia y no encontrar trabajos previos en la misma línea teórica que quiere trabajar; ante esta situación, analiza las formas en que se está investigando buscando la lógica a la que responden y plantea las conclusiones teóricas que en la actualidad están guiando su trabajo. Desde el comienzo de esta investigación me he encontrado con la misma carencia a la hora de realizar la búsqueda bibliográfica: los campos de investigación ya realizada están sesgados en tres direcciones. En primer lugar, la educación aparece como tema casi exclusivo de interés en cuanto a la infancia; en segundo lugar, la escuela aparece como el principal contexto educativo estudiado con técnicas etnográficas; en tercer lugar, cuando se estudia la etnicidad, a menudo aparece como sinónimo de relaciones entre grupos encerrados en categorías como "inmigrantes", "gitanos" o "autóctonos". El resultado es que la investigación en etnicidad infantil en la que queríamos basarnos queda reducida a un tópico: los niños "inmigrantes" y "gitanos" en la escuela (encontramos ejemplos de estos tópicos en Fernández Enguita, 1999; Castaño, 2000).Desde estos planteamientos teóricos resulta sumamente difícil dar cuenta de la realidad empírica que estoy observando en el campo, y por ello considero que es muy importante tratar de buscar nuevos conceptos que nos ayuden a explicar fenómenos que se escapan del ámbito puramente escolar y que son tan dinámicos que escapan al intento de explicación basado en categorías étnicas, entendidas como "identidades" (Brubaker y Cooper, 2000; Díaz de Rada, 2007). El texto sigue el proceso de evolución teórica en relación con los datos empíricos que me he ido encontrando en el transcurso de mi trabajo de campo. Trata de mostrar a través de ejemplos etnográficos concretos las dificultades que estas categorías de partida han supuesto para la comprensión y análisis de la realidad, y cómo he ido cambiando el marco teórico hasta la actualidad. Destaca la dificultad de abordar el problema de las pertenencias étnicas en la infancia por la escasez de alternativas teóricas más allá de la definición de "identidades" o "grupos" apriorísticos

Age-related metabolic changes limit efficacy of deoxynucleoside-based therapy in thymidine kinase 2-deficient mice

Thymidine kinase 2 (TK2) catalyses the phosphorylation of deoxythymidine (dThd) and deoxycytidine (dCtd) within mitochondria. TK2 deficiency leads to mtDNA depletion or accumulation of multiple deletions. In patients, TK2 mutations typically manifest as a rapidly progressive myopathy with infantile onset, leading to respiratory insufficiency and encephalopathy in the most severe clinical presentations. TK2-deficient mice develop the most severe form of the disease and die at average postnatal day 16. dThd+dCtd administration delayed disease progression and expanded lifespan of a knockin murine model of the disease. We daily administered TK2 knockout mice (Tk2 KO) from postnatal day 4 with equimolar doses of dThd+dCtd, dTMP+dCMP, dThd alone or dCtd alone. We monitored body weight and survival and studied different variables at 12 or 29 days of age. We determined metabolite levels in plasma and target tissues, mtDNA copy number in tissues, and the expression and activities of enzymes with a relevant role in mitochondrial dNTP anabolism or catabolism. dThd+dCtd treatment extended average lifespan of Tk2 KO mice from 16 to 34 days, attenuated growth retardation, and rescued mtDNA depletion in skeletal muscle and other target tissues of 12-day-old mice, except in brain. However, the treatment was ineffective in 29-day-old mice that still died prematurely. Bioavailability of dThd and dCtd markedly decreased during mouse development. Activity of enzymes catabolizing dThd and dCtd increased with age in small intestine. Conversely, the activity of the anabolic enzymes decreased in target tissues during mouse development. We also found that administration of dThd alone had the same impact on survival to that of dThd+dCtd, whereas dCtd alone had no influence on lifespan. dThd+dCtd treatment recruits alternative cytosolic salvage pathways for dNTP synthesis, suggesting that this therapy would be of benefit for any Tk2 mutation. dThd accounts for the therapeutic effect of the combined treatment in mice. During the first weeks after birth, mice experience marked tissue-specific metabolic regulations and ontogenetic changes in dNTP metabolism-related enzymes that limit therapeutic efficacy to early developmental stages. This study was funded by grants from the Spanish Ministry of Industry, Economy and Competitiveness, the Spanish Instituto de Salud Carlos III, the Fundación Inocente, Inocente, AFM Téléthon and the Generalitat de Catalunya. The disclosed funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript

Results of the Ontology Alignment Evaluation Initiative 2015

cheatham2016aInternational audienceOntology matching consists of finding correspondences between semantically related entities of two ontologies. OAEI campaigns aim at comparing ontology matching systems on precisely defined test cases. These test cases can use ontologies of different nature (from simple thesauri to expressive OWL ontologies) and use different modalities, e.g., blind evaluation, open evaluation and consensus. OAEI 2015 offered 8 tracks with 15 test cases followed by 22 participants. Since 2011, the campaign has been using a new evaluation modality which provides more automation to the evaluation. This paper is an overall presentation of the OAEI 2015 campaign