Crowdlending for German SMEs

Fintech is revolutionizing the financial world. And concurrently with this phenomenon, there emerges a business model that owes its novel growth above all to the rigidity of banks and new regulatory requirements since the financial crisis of 2008: Crowdlending for SMEs. In Germany, however, the new solution, which connects lenders and borrowers directly via a platform, still has start-up difficulties. Based on this, the goal of this research is to examine factors that determine the decision to adopt Crowdlending among German SMEs. Using the innovation adoption framework by Wisdom, et al. (2013), a qualitative research design is conducted to compare two groups of enterprises according to their per-ception towards the emerging financing solution. Every group consists of six participants and is created according to category, industry and the decision of having already adopted Crowdlending or not, resulting in a sample size of twelve interviewees. The study shows that although facing trust issues, factors, such as speed, low complexity and the possibility of rising awareness among SME’s customers are crucial for an adoption decision. On a company level, innovative management, the readiness to change and curiosity signifi-cantly yield a positive effect on the decision to adopt. The tendency appears to be even stronger, when the firm has recently faced a change in leadership from an older to a younger entrepreneur. While theoretically contributing to the scarce literature about Crowdlending in combination with German SMEs, it gives thought impacts to involved stakeholders.Fintech está a revolucionar o mundo financeiro. Ao mesmo tempo que ocorre este fenómeno, surge um modelo de negócio que deve o seu crescimento sobretudo à rigidez dos bancos e aos requisitos regulamentares desde a crise financeira de 2008: Crowdlend-ing para PMEs. Na Alemanha, contudo, a nova solução, que conecta credores e devedores diretamente via uma plataforma, ainda possui dificuldades iniciais. Com base nisto, o objetivo desta pesquisa passa por examinar fatores que determinam a decisão de adoptar Crowdlending entre PMEs Alemâs. Utilizando a estrutura de adoção de inovação de Wis-dom, et al. (2013), uma concepção de pesquisa qualitativa é conduzida de modo a com-parer dois grupos de empresas de acordo com a sua percepção em relação à solução fi-nanceira emergente. Todos os grupos consistem em seis participantes e é criado de acordo com categoria, indústria e a decisão de já ter ou não adotato Crowdlending, resultando numa amostra de 12 entrevistados. O estudo mostra que apesar de enfrentar questões de confiança, fatores como, rapidez, complexidade baixa e a possibilidade de conscientizar clientes de PMEs são cruciais para a decisão de adoção. A nível da empresa, inovação de gestão, a disponibilidade para mudar e a curiosidade produzem um efeito positivo na decisão de adoção. A tendência aparenta ser ainda mais forte, quando a empresa recente-mente mudou de liderança de um empreendedor mais velho para um mais novo. Ao teor-icamente contribuir para a escassa literatura sobre Crowdlending em combinação com PMEs Alemãs, impacta o pensamente dos intervenientes

Untersuchungen zu Mechanismen der Triomzell-induzierten Tumorabstoßung

Neue Therapieansätze zur Krebsbehandlung aus dem Bereich der Gen- und Immuntherapie haben als Ergänzung zu den konventionellen Behandlungsmethoden besondere Bedeutung erlangt. Zu ihnen zählen u.a. die Suizidgentherapie und die Verwendung Zytokin-Gen-modifizierter Tumorzellvakzine. Beide Strategien wurden in der vorliegenden Arbeit herangezogen, um eine Immunantwort gegen das murine B-Zell-Lymphom A20 zu erzeugen. 1. Versuche mit HSV-tk-Gen-transduzierten Lymphomzellen. Das Prinzip der Suizidgentherapie mit dem HSV-tk/GCV-System beruht auf der Transduktion des HSV-tk-Gens in Tumorzellen, die dadurch gezielt durch GCV abgetötet werden können. Dabei werden auch nicht-transduzierte, angrenzende Zellen miterfasst („Bystander“-Effekt). Ganciclovirsensible, HSV-tk-Gen-transduzierte A20-Zellen (A20-TK) zeigten in vitro einen eingeschränkten „Bystander“-Effekt. In vivo konnten A20-TK-Zellen nur bei jeder dritten Maus vollständig durch GCV eliminiert werden, wobei sich jedoch bei der Hälfte der überlebenden Tiere eine dauerhafte, systemische Antitumorantwort induzieren ließ. 2. Versuche mit HSV-tk-Gen-transduzierten Triomzellen. Die Triomzelle BiV, hervorgegangen aus der Fusion des Lymphoms A20 mit der Hybridomzellinie 2.4G2, dirigiert Tumorantigene über die Expression eines anti-Fc-Rezeptor-Antikörpers an APC und führt auf diese Weise zur Tumorabstoßung. Trotz Xenogenität sind BiV-Zellen jedoch bis zu 11 Wochen nach Immunisierung in vivo nachweisbar. Auch HSV-tk-Gen-transduzierte BiV-Zellen (BiV-TK) konnten trotz GCV-Verabreichung vier Wochen post iniectionem in den Milzen immunisierter Mäuse nachgewiesen werden, allerdings in niedriger Frequenz. Obwohl nicht alle BiV-TK-Zellen durch GCV in vivo eliminiert werden, hatte eine frühzeitige Rückholung der Zellen einen verminderten Antitumoreffekt zur Folge. Im Gegensatz dazu beeinflusste eine späte GCV-Gabe die Tumorabstoßung nicht. Dies deutet darauf hin, dass für einen potenten Tumorschutz die langdauernde Verfügbarkeit von Vakzinezellen im Sinne einer persistierenden Antigenquelle erforderlich sein könnte. 3. Versuche mit GM-CSF-Gen-transfizierten Triomzellen. GM-CSF-Gen-transfizierte Triomzellen (BiV-BNG) schützten in Präimmunisierungsversuchen effektiver vor Tumorwachstum als Wildtyp-BiV-Zellen, bei therapeutischer Applikation wurde der Antitumoreffekt jedoch überaschenderweise aufgehoben. Durch Blockierung der Triomzell-vermittelten Tumorantigen-Heranführung an APC durch BiVneg-BNG bzw. den Antikörper 2.4G2 konnte die ursprüngliche Antitumorantwort vollständig bzw. teilweise wiederhergestellt werden. Eine mögliche Erklärung hierfür wäre eine hemmende Interaktion zwischen intaktem BiV-Protein und GM-CSF, resultierend in einer Hemmung der APC. Offenbar beschränkt sich die Hemmung nur auf die betroffene APC, denn BiV-BNG hob den Therapieeffekt von A20-BNG bzw. BiV bei simultaner Applikation nicht auf. Die Applikationsroute als mögliche Ursache der Wirkungslosigkeit von BiV-BNG im Therapieansatz wurde durch Änderung des Präimmunisierungsprotokolls ausgeschlossen. Da IL-4-defiziente Mäuse bei therapeutischer BiV-BNG-Gabe eine bessere Überlebensrate erreichten als Wildtypmäuse, könnte der aufgehobene Therapieeffekt von BiV-BNG mit einer Verschiebung des Th1/Th2-Verhältnisses zu Gunsten einer Th2-Antwort zusammenhängen

Dolerite fines used as a calcium source for microbially induced calcite precipitation reduce the environmental carbon cost in sandy soil

Microbial-Induced Calcite Precipitation (MICP) stimulates soil microbiota to induce a cementation of the soil matrix. Urea, calcium and simple carbon nutrients are supplied to produce carbonates via urea hydrolysis and induce the precipitation of the mineral calcite. Calcium chloride (CaCl2) is typically used as a source for calcium, but silicate rocks and other materials have been investigated as alternatives. Weathering of calcium-rich silicate rocks (e.g. basalt and dolerite) releases calcium, magnesium and iron; this process is associated with sequestration of atmospheric CO2 and formation of pedogenic carbonates. We investigated atmospheric carbon fluxes of a MICP treated sandy soil using CaCl2 and dolerite fines applied on the soil surface as sources for calcium. Soil-atmosphere carbon fluxes were monitored over two months and determined with an infrared gas analyser connected to a soil chamber. Soil inorganic carbon content and isotopic composition were determined with isotope-ratio mass spectrometry. In addition, soil-atmosphere CO2 fluxes during chemical weathering of dolerite fines were investigated in incubation experiments with gas chromatography. Larger CO2 emissions resulted from the application of dolerite fines (116 g CO2-C m-2) compared to CaCl2 (79 g CO2-C m-2) but larger inorganic carbon precipitation also occurred (172.8 g C m-2 and 76.9 g C m-2, respectively). Normalising to the emitted carbon to precipitated carbon, the environmental carbon cost was reduced with dolerite fines (0.67) compared to the traditional MICP treatment (1.01). The carbon isotopic signature indicated pedogenic carbonates (δ13Cav = 8.2±5.0‰) formed when dolerite was applied and carbon originating from urea (δ13Cav = 46.4±1.0‰) precipitated when CaCl2 was used. Dolerite fines had a large but short-lived (<2 d) carbon sequestration potential, and results indicated peak CO2 emissions during MICP could be balanced optimizing the application of dolerite fines

Phonon dispersion and low energy anomaly in CaC6_6

We report measurements of phonon dispersion in CaC$_6$ using inelastic X-ray and neutron scattering. We find good overall agreement, particularly in the 50 meV energy region, between experimental data and first-principles density-functional-theory calculations. However, on the longitudinal dispersion along the $(1 1 1)$ axis of the rhombohedral representation, we find an unexpected anti-crossing with an additional longitudinal mode, at about 11 meV. At a comparable energy, we observe also unexpected intensity on the in-plane direction. These results resolve the previous incorrect assignment of a longitudinal phonon mode to a transverse mode in the same energy range. By calculating the electron susceptibility from first principles we show that this longitudinal excitation is unlikely to be due to a plasmon and consequently can probably be due to defects or vacancies present in the sample.Comment: Accepted for publication in Physical Review

Controlled Stark shifts in Er3+^{3+}-doped crystalline and amorphous waveguides for quantum state storage

We present measurements of the linear Stark effect on the $^{4}$I$_{15/2} \to$ $^{4}$I$_{13/2}$ transition in an Er$^{3+}$-doped proton-exchanged LiNbO$_{3}$ crystalline waveguide and an Er$^{3+}$-doped silicate fiber. The measurements were made using spectral hole burning techniques at temperatures below 4 K. We measured an effective Stark coefficient $(\Delta\mu_{e}\chi)/(h)=25\pm1$kHz/Vcm$^{-1}$ in the crystalline waveguide and $(\bar{\Delta\mu_{e}}\chi)/(h)=15\pm1$kHz/Vcm$^{-1}$ in the silicate fiber. These results confirm the potential of Erbium doped waveguides for quantum state storage based on controlled reversible inhomogeneous broadening.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures v2. typo in formula correcte

From FMTV to WATERS: Lessons Learned from the First Verification Challenge at ECRTS (Artifact)

We propose here solutions to the FMTV 2015 challenge of a distributed video processing system using four different formalisms, as well as the description of the challenge itself. This artifact contains several solutions to various subchallenges, and instructions and scripts to reproduce these results smoothly

From FMTV to WATERS: Lessons Learned from the First Verification Challenge at ECRTS

We present here the main features and lessons learned from the first edition of what has now become the ECRTS industrial challenge, together with the final description of the challenge and a comparative overview of the proposed solutions. This verification challenge, proposed by Thales, was first discussed in 2014 as part of a dedicated workshop (FMTV, a satellite event of the FM 2014 conference), and solutions were discussed for the first time at the WATERS 2015 workshop. The use case for the verification challenge is an aerial video tracking system. A specificity of this system lies in the fact that periods are constant but known with a limited precision only. The first part of the challenge focuses on the video frame processing system. It consists in computing maximum values of the end-to-end latency of the frames sent by the camera to the display, for two different buffer sizes, and then the minimum duration between two consecutive frame losses. The second challenge is about computing end-to-end latencies on the tracking and camera control for two different values of jitter. Solutions based on five different tools - Fiacre/Tina, CPAL (simulation and analysis), IMITATOR, UPPAAL and MAST - were submitted for discussion at WATERS 2015. While none of these solutions provided a full answer to the challenge, a combination of several of them did allow to draw some conclusions