Relación entre las estrategias de fijación de precio y la decisión de compra en un supermercado en la ciudad de Cajamarca en el año 2018

RESUMEN En el presente trabajo de investigación se estudió la relación entre las variables Estrategias de fijación de precio y la Decisión de compra de clientes en un supermercado en la ciudad de Cajamarca en el año 2018, se utilizó como herramienta dos cuestionarios para medir las dimensiones de las variables antes mencionadas; las dimensiones de la variable Estrategias de fijación de precio estudiadas fueron cinco: estrategias diferenciales, estrategias de precios psicológicos, estrategias de precios referenciales, estrategia de precios bajos todos los días y estrategias de precios promocionales; asimismo, las dimensiones de la variable Decisión de compra fueron cuatro: reconocimiento de la necesidad, búsqueda de información, evaluación de alternativas y satisfacción post-compra. La presente investigación tuvo como problema de investigación ¿Cuál es la relación entre las estrategias de fijación de precio y la decisión de compra en un supermercado en la ciudad de Cajamarca en el año 2018? y como objetivo general el determinar la relación entre las estrategias de fijación de precio y la decisión de compra en un supermercado en la ciudad de Cajamarca en el año 2018. Se realizó una investigación no experimental, transversal, correlacional en un supermercado en la ciudad de Cajamarca, estudiando una muestra de 385 clientes externos. Se estableció como hipótesis de la investigación que existe una relación directa entre las estrategias de fijación de precios y la decisión de compra, al realizar la prueba de hipótesis mediante el coeficiente de Pearson se obtuvo que sí existe una correlación positiva débil entre las variables estudiadas, lo que corrobora la hipótesis planteada, en cuanto a las estrategias de fijación de precio se observó que la estrategia con mayor preferencia por parte de los clientes del supermercado en estudio son la de precios bajos todos los días; asimismo, la estrategia con menor preferencia fue la de precios psicológicos; en cuanto a las correlaciones entre las dimensiones de la variable estrategia de fijación de precios con la variable decisión de compra, se pudo observar que en todas las dimensiones existe una correlación positiva, lo que significa que las estrategias de fijación de precio son un factor importante en cuanto a la decisión de compra se refiere. PALABRAS CLAVES: Decisión de compra, estrategias de fijación de precio, estrategias diferenciales, estrategias psicológicas, estrategias referenciales, estrategia de precios bajos todos los días, estrategia promocional, reconocimiento de la necesidad, búsqueda de información, evaluación de alternativas, satisfacción post compra.ABSTRACT In the present work of investigation the relation between the variables Strategies of fixing of price and the Decision of purchase of clients in a supermarket in the city of Cajamarca in the year 2018 was studied, it was used like tool two questionnaires to measure the dimensions of the variables mentioned above; the dimensions of the variable Price strategies studied were five: differential strategies, psychological price strategies, referential pricing strategies, everyday low prices strategy and promotional pricing strategies. Likewise, the dimensions of the purchasing decision variable were four: recognition of the need, search for information, evaluation of alternatives and postpurchase satisfaction. The present investigation had as a research problem What is the relationship between pricing strategies and the purchase decision in a supermarket in the city of Cajamarca in 2018? and as a general objective to determine the relationship between pricing strategies and the purchase decision in a supermarket in the city of Cajamarca in 2018. A non-experimental, transversal, correlational investigation was carried out in a supermarket in the city of Cajamarca, studying a sample of 385 external clients. It was established as a research hypothesis that there is a direct relationship between the pricing strategies and the purchasing decision, when performing the hypothesis test using the Pearson coefficient, it was found that there is a weak positive correlation between the variables studied, what corroborates the hypothesis, in terms of pricing strategies, it was observed that the strategy with the greatest preference on the part of the customers of the supermarket under study is everyday low prices; likewise, the strategy with the least preference was psychological prices. Regarding the correlations between the dimensions of the pricing strategy variable with the purchasing decision variable, it was observed that in all the dimensions there is a positive correlation, which means that pricing strategies are an important factor as for the purchase decision is concerned. KEYWORDS: Purchase decision, pricing strategies, differential strategies, psychological strategies, referential strategies, daily low price strategy, promotional strategy, recognition of need, search for information, evaluation of alternatives, post purchase satisfaction

Agresores generalistas y especialistas en violencia de parejas jóvenes y adolescentes: Implicaciones en la implementación de los programas de prevención

El estudio de las relaciones de noviazgo violentas en la juventud y adolescencia (Dating Violence, DV) es un campo de especial interés, tanto por su prevalencia, como por constituir el inicio del aprendizaje de la diná¬mica de relaciones de pareja en la edad adulta. Uno de los desafíos en este campo es la identificación de los factores de riesgo y protección que deben constituir la base para la elaboración de programas de prevención. El objetivo del presente estudio es determinar si existen di¬ferencias en el perfil de maltrato entre agresores de pa¬reja especialistas (expresan sus conductas agresivas ex¬clusivamente con sus parejas) y generalistas (manifiestan también sus conductas abusivas en otros entornos y con¬textos). La muestra está compuesta por 447 mujeres (rango de edad = 15-26 años; M = 18.77, DE = 2.36). Fueron agrupadas en función de la variable Maltrato (Non-Abused/Abused) y categorizadas en este último grupo en función de que el agresor fuese considerado es-pecialista o generalista por sus víctimas. Se aplicó el Cuestionario CUVINO (Dating Violence Questionnaire), que evalúa ocho distintos tipos de maltrato en estas eda¬des. El análisis MANOVA realizado mostró diferencias entre los grupos en los factores de Humillación, Coerción y Violencia basada en Género. Adicionalmente, se en¬contraron tamaños de efectos pequeños pero apreciables en los factores de Desapego, Violencia Física y Castigo Emocional. En base a los resultados obtenidos, se discute la necesidad de considerar el tipo de agresor (generalista o especialista) en las investigaciones sobre DV y sus im¬plicaciones en el campo de la prevención.The study of teen and youth dating violent relationships (Dating Violence, DV) is a field of special interest, not only because of its prevalence, but also because it constitutes the beginning of the learning of the dynamics of relationships, in which the possibility of establishing habits for later relationships begins. One of the challenges in this field is related to the identification of risk and protection factors that must provide a solid basis for the development of prevention programs. The aim of the present study is to determine if there are differences in the abuse profile among DV specialist (they show their abusive behavior specifically with their affective partner) and generalist batterers (they also express them in other environments and contexts). The sample was 447 women (range age from15 to 26 years; M = 18.77, SD = 2.36). They were grouped per the variable Non-Abused/Abused and, in the latter group, were grouped according to the consideration of the victims about if the aggressor was specialist of generalist. The CUVINO Questionnaire (Dating Violence Questionnaire, DVQ) was applied, which evaluates eight different types of abuse at these ages. MANOVA analysis showed differences between groups in the factors of Humiliation, Coercion and Gender-Based Violence. In addition, small but appreciable effects sizes were found in Detachment, Physical Violence and Emotional Punishment factors. Basing on the results obtained, we discuss the need to consider the type of aggressor (generalist or specialist) in research on DV and its implications in the field of prevention

Early syphilis: risk factors and clinical manifestations focusing on HIV-positive patients

Condomless anal sex; HIV; SyphilisSexo anal sin condón; VIH; SífilisSexe anal sense preservatiu; VIH; SífilisBACKGROUND: Since 2000, substantial increases in syphilis in men who have sex with men (MSM) have been reported in many cities. Condomless anal sex (CAS) is one of the factors, along with drugs for sex and sex in group. This study identified factors and clinical manifestations as well as Treponema pallidum (T.pallidum) strains that could be related to early syphilis in Barcelona. METHODS: This prospective study was conducted in a sexually transmitted infections unit in 2015. Epidemiological, behavioral, clinical and microbiological variables were collected in a structured form. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were performed focusing on HIV-positive patients. RESULTS: Overall, 274 cases were classified as having early syphilis (27.5% primary, 51.3% secondary, and 21.2% early latent syphilis). In all, 94% of participants were MSM and 36.3% were HIV-positive. The median number of sexual contacts in the last 12 months was 10; 72.5% practiced CAS, 50.6% had sex in group, and 54.7% consumed drugs. HIV-positive cases had more anonymous sex contacts (p = 0.041), CAS (p = 0.002), sex in group (p < 0.001) and drugs for sex (p < 0.001). In the multivariate analysis, previous syphilis (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 4.81 [2.88-8.15]), previous Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection (aOR 3.8 [2.28-6.43]), and serosorting (aOR 20.4 [7.99-60.96]) were associated with having syphilis. Clinically, multiple chancres were present in 31% of cases with no differences on serostatus, but anal chancre was most common in HIV-positive patients (p = 0.049). Molecular typing did not conclusively explain clinical presentation in relation to specific T.pallidum strains. CONCLUSION: Control of syphilis remains a challenge. Similar to prior studies, HIV-positive patients were found to engage more often in sexual behaviors associated with syphilis than HIV-negative patients. Clinical manifestations were rather similar in both groups, although anal chancre was most common in HIV-positive patients. Various strain types of syphilis were found, but no clinical associations were identified

Guia per a la incorporació de la perspectiva de gènere en els plans docents i les assignatures de la Universitat de Barcelona

La Universitat de Barcelona, en el seu III Pla d’igualtat, s’ha compromès a incloure i desplegar la perspectiva de gènere en tots els seus àmbits d’actuació. Un dels eixos que estructuren aquest pla (concretament, l’eix 4) està dedicat a la perspectiva de gènere en la docència. La Comissió d’Igualtat, el Vicerectorat de Política Docent, el Vicerectorat de Política Acadèmica i Qualitat, el Vicerectorat d’Igualtat i Gènere i la Unitat d’Igualtat volem facilitar-vos la tasca d’incorporar la perspectiva de gènere a totes les assignatures. Us proposem d’avançar cap a una UB més inclusiva començant pels plans docents, tal com preveu la legislació vigent. Aquesta proposta s’anirà acompanyant, al llarg del curs, d’accions de formació i d’altres materials que esperem que us siguin útils

Healthcare workers hospitalized due to COVID-19 have no higher risk of death than general population. Data from the Spanish SEMI-COVID-19 Registry

Aim To determine whether healthcare workers (HCW) hospitalized in Spain due to COVID-19 have a worse prognosis than non-healthcare workers (NHCW). Methods Observational cohort study based on the SEMI-COVID-19 Registry, a nationwide registry that collects sociodemographic, clinical, laboratory, and treatment data on patients hospitalised with COVID-19 in Spain. Patients aged 20-65 years were selected. A multivariate logistic regression model was performed to identify factors associated with mortality. Results As of 22 May 2020, 4393 patients were included, of whom 419 (9.5%) were HCW. Median (interquartile range) age of HCW was 52 (15) years and 62.4% were women. Prevalence of comorbidities and severe radiological findings upon admission were less frequent in HCW. There were no difference in need of respiratory support and admission to intensive care unit, but occurrence of sepsis and in-hospital mortality was lower in HCW (1.7% vs. 3.9%; p = 0.024 and 0.7% vs. 4.8%; p<0.001 respectively). Age, male sex and comorbidity, were independently associated with higher in-hospital mortality and healthcare working with lower mortality (OR 0.211, 95%CI 0.067-0.667, p = 0.008). 30-days survival was higher in HCW (0.968 vs. 0.851 p<0.001). Conclusions Hospitalized COVID-19 HCW had fewer comorbidities and a better prognosis than NHCW. Our results suggest that professional exposure to COVID-19 in HCW does not carry more clinical severity nor mortality

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

Examining the immune signatures of SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnancy and the impact on neurodevelopment: Protocol of the SIGNATURE longitudinal study

The COVID-19 pandemic represents a valuable opportunity to carry out cohort studies that allow us to advance our knowledge on pathophysiological mechanisms of neuropsychiatric diseases. One of these opportunities is the study of the relationships between inflammation, brain development and an increased risk of suffering neuropsychiatric disorders. Based on the hypothesis that neuroinflammation during early stages of life is associated with neurodevelopmental disorders and confers a greater risk of developing neuropsychiatric disorders, we propose a cohort study of SARS-CoV-2-infected pregnant women and their newborns. The main objective of SIGNATURE project is to explore how the presence of prenatal SARS-CoV-2 infection and other non-infectious stressors generates an abnormal inflammatory activity in the newborn. The cohort of women during the COVID-19 pandemic will be psychological and biological monitored during their pregnancy, delivery, childbirth and postpartum. The biological information of the umbilical cord (foetus blood) and peripheral blood from the mother will be obtained after childbirth. These samples and the clinical characterisation of the cohort of mothers and newborns, are tremendously valuable at this time. This is a protocol report and no analyses have been conducted yet, being currently at, our study is in the recruitment process step. At the time of this publication, we have identified 1,060 SARS-CoV-2 infected mothers and all have already given birth. From the total of identified mothers, we have recruited 537 SARS-COV-2 infected women and all of them have completed the mental health assessment during pregnancy. We have collected biological samples from 119 mothers and babies. Additionally, we have recruited 390 non-infected pregnant women.This work has received support from the Fundación Alicia Koplowitz to realize the epigenetic wide association study and to the clinical assessment to the children. This work has also received public support from the Consejería de Salud y Familias para la financiación de la investigación, desarrollo e innovación (i + d + i) biomédica y en ciencias de la salud en Andalucía (CSyF 2021 - FEDER). Grant Grant number PECOVID- 0195-2020. Convocatoria financiada con Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) al 80% dentro del Programa Operativo de Andalucía FEDER 2014-2020. Andalucía se mueve con Europa. NG-T received payment under Rio Hortega contract CM20-00015 with the Carlos III Health Institute.Peer reviewe

Evaluation of appendicitis risk prediction models in adults with suspected appendicitis

Background Appendicitis is the most common general surgical emergency worldwide, but its diagnosis remains challenging. The aim of this study was to determine whether existing risk prediction models can reliably identify patients presenting to hospital in the UK with acute right iliac fossa (RIF) pain who are at low risk of appendicitis. Methods A systematic search was completed to identify all existing appendicitis risk prediction models. Models were validated using UK data from an international prospective cohort study that captured consecutive patients aged 16–45 years presenting to hospital with acute RIF in March to June 2017. The main outcome was best achievable model specificity (proportion of patients who did not have appendicitis correctly classified as low risk) whilst maintaining a failure rate below 5 per cent (proportion of patients identified as low risk who actually had appendicitis). Results Some 5345 patients across 154 UK hospitals were identified, of which two‐thirds (3613 of 5345, 67·6 per cent) were women. Women were more than twice as likely to undergo surgery with removal of a histologically normal appendix (272 of 964, 28·2 per cent) than men (120 of 993, 12·1 per cent) (relative risk 2·33, 95 per cent c.i. 1·92 to 2·84; P < 0·001). Of 15 validated risk prediction models, the Adult Appendicitis Score performed best (cut‐off score 8 or less, specificity 63·1 per cent, failure rate 3·7 per cent). The Appendicitis Inflammatory Response Score performed best for men (cut‐off score 2 or less, specificity 24·7 per cent, failure rate 2·4 per cent). Conclusion Women in the UK had a disproportionate risk of admission without surgical intervention and had high rates of normal appendicectomy. Risk prediction models to support shared decision‐making by identifying adults in the UK at low risk of appendicitis were identified

Comprehensive intervention in stroke

Introduction: debate is currently underway about what types of stroke recovery interventions are more beneficial for patients. Objective: evaluate the effect of a six-month comprehensive intervention on the functional recovery of stroke patients. Methods: the study sample was 42 stroke patients: an experimental group (N = 22), mean age 52.68 years (SD = 14.39), who received a comprehensive intensive multidisciplinary intervention, and a control group (N = 20), mean age 56.20 years (SD = 14.82), who did not receive this type of intervention. The following stroke severity indices were applied: Glasgow Coma Scale, Canadian Scale, intensive care unit stay, uncal latching signs, endocranial hypertension signs, hematoma volume / ischemic area, midline displacement, need for surgery and total hospital stay time. These severity indices were similar in the two groups. Degree of functionality was gauged with the scales Functional Independence Measure and Functional Assessment Measure. This test was applied at the start of the intervention and 6 months later. Results: both groups had a positive evolution in all the areas of the scale. The comprehensive intervention and a shorter total hospital stay were associated to better functional recovery from stroke. Conclusions: the need is suggested to implement comprehensive rehabilitation strategies in stroke patients.Introducción: se mantiene el debate sobre qué tipos de intervenciones para la recuperación del ictus ofrecen mejores resultados para el paciente. Objetivo: evaluar el efecto de una intervención integral durante seis meses sobre la recuperación funcional en pacientes con ictus. Métodos: la muestra estuvo compuesta por 42 participantes con ictus: un grupo experimental (N = 22) con una media de edad de 52,68 años (DE = 14,39) que recibió una intervención integral, intensiva y multidisciplinar, y un grupo control (N = 20) con una media de edad de 56,20 años (DE = 14,82) que no recibió este tipo de intervención. Se valoraron los siguiente índices de severidad del ictus: Escala de Coma de Glasgow, Escala Canadiense, estancia en Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, signos de enclavamiento uncal, signos de hipertensión endocraneal, volumen del hematoma/área isquémica, desplazamiento de línea media, necesidad de cirugía y tiempo total de hospitalización. Ambos grupos eran equivalentes en estos índices de gravedad. El grado de funcionalidad fue medido con la aplicación de la escala Functional Independence Measure and Functional Assessment Measure. Esta prueba se aplicó al inicio de la intervención y 6 meses después. Resultados: se observó una evolución positiva en ambos grupos en todas las áreas de la escala. La intervención integral y un menor tiempo total de hospitalización se relacionaron con una mejor recuperación funcional en el ictus. Conclusiones: se sugiere la necesidad de realizar estrategias de rehabilitación integral en los pacientes con ictus

Memory of visual paired associates in healthy aging. A transcultural study

The present study contrasts performance in an immediate and delayed recall test across two aging populations without known neurological disorders from different cultural contexts. A total of 191 individuals, 97 Cubans and 94 Spaniards, participated. The age range was between 60 and 90 years (M= 70.6; SD= 6.8). The participants were evaluated with an immediate and a 30-minute delayed visual paired associates (VPA) test. Results showed no significant differences in the correct answers of the immediate and delayed recall depending on the nationality and gender of the participants. Age and educational level affected performance in immediate and delayed memory. A lower age and a higher level of education produced a better performance. In conclusion, the VPA test can be useful to assess memory across populations of different cultural contexts. Age negatively affected performance in immediate and delayed memory tasks in healthy aging. Educational level could be a protective factor, associated with the formation of the cognitive reserve. © 2021 Sociedad Universitaria de Investigación en Psicología y Salud. Publicado por Consejo General de Colegios Oficiales de Psicólogos, España. Este es un artículo Open Access bajo la CC BY-NC-ND licencia (http://creativecommons.org/licencias/by-nc-nd/4.0/)