Dépôt de truies en silos et fossés dans des sites gaulois de Beauce

Le porc (Sus scrofa domesticus) à la période de La Tène est connu principalement par ses restes osseux issus de dépotoirs domestiques. Même s’il a pu servir d’éboueur, sa fonction première a toujours été de fournir de la viande et d’autres produits dérivés (graisse, tendons…). C’est particulièrement manifeste dans les sociétés du nord de la Gaule où il tient une place importante dans l’alimentation carnée sur de nombreux sites découverts (Méniel, 2001). Si la gestion de ces troupeaux porcins ..

Palaeogenomics of Upper Palaeolithic to Neolithic European hunter-gatherers

Modern humans have populated Europe for more than 45,000 years1,2. Our knowledge of the genetic relatedness and structure of ancient hunter-gatherers is however limited, owing to the scarceness and poor molecular preservation of human remains from that period3. Here we analyse 356 ancient hunter-gatherer genomes, including new genomic data for 116 individuals from 14 countries in western and central Eurasia, spanning between 35,000 and 5,000 years ago. We identify a genetic ancestry profile in individuals associated with Upper Palaeolithic Gravettian assemblages from western Europe that is distinct from contemporaneous groups related to this archaeological culture in central and southern Europe4, but resembles that of preceding individuals associated with the Aurignacian culture. This ancestry profile survived during the Last Glacial Maximum (25,000 to 19,000 years ago) in human populations from southwestern Europe associated with the Solutrean culture, and with the following Magdalenian culture that re-expanded northeastward after the Last Glacial Maximum. Conversely, we reveal a genetic turnover in southern Europe suggesting a local replacement of human groups around the time of the Last Glacial Maximum, accompanied by a north-to-south dispersal of populations associated with the Epigravettian culture. From at least 14,000 years ago, an ancestry related to this culture spread from the south across the rest of Europe, largely replacing the Magdalenian-associated gene pool. After a period of limited admixture that spanned the beginning of the Mesolithic, we find genetic interactions between western and eastern European hunter-gatherers, who were also characterized by marked differences in phenotypically relevant variants

Palaeogenomics of Upper Palaeolithic to Neolithic European hunter-gatherers

: Modern humans have populated Europe for more than 45,000 years1,2. Our knowledge of the genetic relatedness and structure of ancient hunter-gatherers is however limited, owing to the scarceness and poor molecular preservation of human remains from that period3. Here we analyse 356 ancient hunter-gatherer genomes, including new genomic data for 116 individuals from 14 countries in western and central Eurasia, spanning between 35,000 and 5,000 years ago. We identify a genetic ancestry profile in individuals associated with Upper Palaeolithic Gravettian assemblages from western Europe that is distinct from contemporaneous groups related to this archaeological culture in central and southern Europe4, but resembles that of preceding individuals associated with the Aurignacian culture. This ancestry profile survived during the Last Glacial Maximum (25,000 to 19,000 years ago) in human populations from southwestern Europe associated with the Solutrean culture, and with the following Magdalenian culture that re-expanded northeastward after the Last Glacial Maximum. Conversely, we reveal a genetic turnover in southern Europe suggesting a local replacement of human groups around the time of the Last Glacial Maximum, accompanied by a north-to-south dispersal of populations associated with the Epigravettian culture. From at least 14,000 years ago, an ancestry related to this culture spread from the south across the rest of Europe, largely replacing the Magdalenian-associated gene pool. After a period of limited admixture that spanned the beginning of the Mesolithic, we find genetic interactions between western and eastern European hunter-gatherers, who were also characterized by marked differences in phenotypically relevant variants

Palaeogenomics of Upper Palaeolithic to Neolithic European hunter-gatherers

Publisher Copyright: © 2023, The Author(s).Modern humans have populated Europe for more than 45,000 years1,2. Our knowledge of the genetic relatedness and structure of ancient hunter-gatherers is however limited, owing to the scarceness and poor molecular preservation of human remains from that period3. Here we analyse 356 ancient hunter-gatherer genomes, including new genomic data for 116 individuals from 14 countries in western and central Eurasia, spanning between 35,000 and 5,000 years ago. We identify a genetic ancestry profile in individuals associated with Upper Palaeolithic Gravettian assemblages from western Europe that is distinct from contemporaneous groups related to this archaeological culture in central and southern Europe4, but resembles that of preceding individuals associated with the Aurignacian culture. This ancestry profile survived during the Last Glacial Maximum (25,000 to 19,000 years ago) in human populations from southwestern Europe associated with the Solutrean culture, and with the following Magdalenian culture that re-expanded northeastward after the Last Glacial Maximum. Conversely, we reveal a genetic turnover in southern Europe suggesting a local replacement of human groups around the time of the Last Glacial Maximum, accompanied by a north-to-south dispersal of populations associated with the Epigravettian culture. From at least 14,000 years ago, an ancestry related to this culture spread from the south across the rest of Europe, largely replacing the Magdalenian-associated gene pool. After a period of limited admixture that spanned the beginning of the Mesolithic, we find genetic interactions between western and eastern European hunter-gatherers, who were also characterized by marked differences in phenotypically relevant variants.Peer reviewe

Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome associated with COVID-19: An Emulated Target Trial Analysis.

RATIONALE: Whether COVID patients may benefit from extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) compared with conventional invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) remains unknown. OBJECTIVES: To estimate the effect of ECMO on 90-Day mortality vs IMV only Methods: Among 4,244 critically ill adult patients with COVID-19 included in a multicenter cohort study, we emulated a target trial comparing the treatment strategies of initiating ECMO vs. no ECMO within 7 days of IMV in patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (PaO2/FiO2 <80 or PaCO2 ≥60 mmHg). We controlled for confounding using a multivariable Cox model based on predefined variables. MAIN RESULTS: 1,235 patients met the full eligibility criteria for the emulated trial, among whom 164 patients initiated ECMO. The ECMO strategy had a higher survival probability at Day-7 from the onset of eligibility criteria (87% vs 83%, risk difference: 4%, 95% CI 0;9%) which decreased during follow-up (survival at Day-90: 63% vs 65%, risk difference: -2%, 95% CI -10;5%). However, ECMO was associated with higher survival when performed in high-volume ECMO centers or in regions where a specific ECMO network organization was set up to handle high demand, and when initiated within the first 4 days of MV and in profoundly hypoxemic patients. CONCLUSIONS: In an emulated trial based on a nationwide COVID-19 cohort, we found differential survival over time of an ECMO compared with a no-ECMO strategy. However, ECMO was consistently associated with better outcomes when performed in high-volume centers and in regions with ECMO capacities specifically organized to handle high demand. This article is open access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives License 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Les gisements à grands mammifères avant le Dernier Maximum Glaciaire en Île-de-France et en Centre Val-de-Loire : inventaire, apports des anciennes collections et des nouvelles données

International audienceSeit den ersten geologischen und prähistorischen Studien im 19. Jahrhundert wurden in den Regionen Île-de-France und Centre-Val de Loire in den quaternären Sedimentablagerungen, insbesondere in Grotten und Tälern Knochen von großen Säugetieren aus dem Pleistozän eingesammelt. Trotz einiger stratigraphischer und chronologischer Lücken ist das Potential an unerforschten oder erneut zu untersuchenden Funden und Befunden groß. Seit nun bereits mehreren Jahren hat die Präventivarchäologie es ermöglicht, überwiegend große Flächen unterschiedlicher Ablagerungen zu untersuchen (Flussauen, Hangablagerungen, Lehmschichten der Hochflächen, etc.). Die steigende Anzahl der Sondierungen und Ausgrabungen, insbesondere in der Île-de-France hat eine Verbindung zwischen den kürzlich entdeckten Knochenresten und den chronologisch in das Mittel- und Jungpleistozän eingeordneten Steingeräten ermöglicht. Nach einer kurzen Präsentation der Faunareste aus Altgrabungen des zentralen und südwestlichen Pariser Beckens werden die neueren Entdeckungen vorgestellt. Sie veranlassen eine Reflexion bezüglich ihres Beitrags zu den biochronologischen Daten in einem weiteren geographischen Rahmen, zudem eine Reflexion bezüglich der Kontexte mit paläontologischem Potential.Since the twentieth century, in the region of Île-de-France and Centre-Val de Loire (France), the first geologic and prehistoric research allowed to collect Pleistocene large mammal bones in quaternary sedimentary deposits, notably in valley and caves. Despite some stratigraphic and chronological gaps, they spotlight an important data potential to explore or to review. Today, rescue archaeology allow to explore various sedimentary field (fluvial alluvium, slope deposit, silt on plateau, etc.), by covering usually large area. The multiplication of evaluation and excavation, particularly in Île-de-France, allowed recent discovery of bone remains, associated with lithic industries, well dated during middle and upper Pleistocene. After a brief state of knowledge about old discoveries of faunal remains in these region, covering the Center and the South-West of the Paris basin, the recent discoveries will be presented, allowing discussion about their contribution to biochronological data in a larger geographical scale, and also, to the potential paleontological context.Dès le XIXe siècle, dans les Régions Île-de-France et Centre-Val de Loire, les premières recherches en Géologie et en Préhistoire ont permis de collecter des ossements de grands mammifères pléistocènes dans des dépôts sédimentaires quaternaires, notamment dans les grottes et les vallées. Malgré certaines lacunes stratigraphiques et chronologiques, ils mettent en lumière tout un potentiel de données encore à explorer ou à réexaminer. Depuis plusieurs années maintenant, l’archéologie préventive a permis d’explorer tous les divers terrains sédimentaires (alluvions fluviatiles, dépôts de versants, limons des plateaux, etc.), en couvrant généralement de grandes surfaces. La multiplication des sondages et de fouilles, notamment en Île-de-France, a permis ainsi de récentes découvertes de vestiges osseux associés à des industries lithiques bien calés chronologiquement dans le Pléistocène moyen et supérieur. Après un bref état des connaissances sur les découvertes anciennes de vestiges fauniques dans ces régions qui couvrent le centre et le sud-ouest du Bassin parisien, les découvertes récentes sont exposées, permettant une réflexion sur leur contribution aux données biochronologiques à une plus large échelle géographique mais aussi sur les contextes à potentiel paléontologique

Des mammouths en bord de Marne

International audienc

Quand nos ancêtres côtoyaient les mammouths

International audienc

Les restes osseux des grands mammifères découverts à la Roche-Cotard III (Langeais, Indre-et-Loire)

National audienc

Les gisements à grands mammifères avant le Dernier Maximum Glaciaire en Île-de-France et en Centre Val-de-Loire : inventaire, apports des anciennes collections et des nouvelles données

International audienceSeit den ersten geologischen und prähistorischen Studien im 19. Jahrhundert wurden in den Regionen Île-de-France und Centre-Val de Loire in den quaternären Sedimentablagerungen, insbesondere in Grotten und Tälern Knochen von großen Säugetieren aus dem Pleistozän eingesammelt. Trotz einiger stratigraphischer und chronologischer Lücken ist das Potential an unerforschten oder erneut zu untersuchenden Funden und Befunden groß. Seit nun bereits mehreren Jahren hat die Präventivarchäologie es ermöglicht, überwiegend große Flächen unterschiedlicher Ablagerungen zu untersuchen (Flussauen, Hangablagerungen, Lehmschichten der Hochflächen, etc.). Die steigende Anzahl der Sondierungen und Ausgrabungen, insbesondere in der Île-de-France hat eine Verbindung zwischen den kürzlich entdeckten Knochenresten und den chronologisch in das Mittel- und Jungpleistozän eingeordneten Steingeräten ermöglicht. Nach einer kurzen Präsentation der Faunareste aus Altgrabungen des zentralen und südwestlichen Pariser Beckens werden die neueren Entdeckungen vorgestellt. Sie veranlassen eine Reflexion bezüglich ihres Beitrags zu den biochronologischen Daten in einem weiteren geographischen Rahmen, zudem eine Reflexion bezüglich der Kontexte mit paläontologischem Potential.Since the twentieth century, in the region of Île-de-France and Centre-Val de Loire (France), the first geologic and prehistoric research allowed to collect Pleistocene large mammal bones in quaternary sedimentary deposits, notably in valley and caves. Despite some stratigraphic and chronological gaps, they spotlight an important data potential to explore or to review. Today, rescue archaeology allow to explore various sedimentary field (fluvial alluvium, slope deposit, silt on plateau, etc.), by covering usually large area. The multiplication of evaluation and excavation, particularly in Île-de-France, allowed recent discovery of bone remains, associated with lithic industries, well dated during middle and upper Pleistocene. After a brief state of knowledge about old discoveries of faunal remains in these region, covering the Center and the South-West of the Paris basin, the recent discoveries will be presented, allowing discussion about their contribution to biochronological data in a larger geographical scale, and also, to the potential paleontological context.Dès le XIXe siècle, dans les Régions Île-de-France et Centre-Val de Loire, les premières recherches en Géologie et en Préhistoire ont permis de collecter des ossements de grands mammifères pléistocènes dans des dépôts sédimentaires quaternaires, notamment dans les grottes et les vallées. Malgré certaines lacunes stratigraphiques et chronologiques, ils mettent en lumière tout un potentiel de données encore à explorer ou à réexaminer. Depuis plusieurs années maintenant, l’archéologie préventive a permis d’explorer tous les divers terrains sédimentaires (alluvions fluviatiles, dépôts de versants, limons des plateaux, etc.), en couvrant généralement de grandes surfaces. La multiplication des sondages et de fouilles, notamment en Île-de-France, a permis ainsi de récentes découvertes de vestiges osseux associés à des industries lithiques bien calés chronologiquement dans le Pléistocène moyen et supérieur. Après un bref état des connaissances sur les découvertes anciennes de vestiges fauniques dans ces régions qui couvrent le centre et le sud-ouest du Bassin parisien, les découvertes récentes sont exposées, permettant une réflexion sur leur contribution aux données biochronologiques à une plus large échelle géographique mais aussi sur les contextes à potentiel paléontologique