Impactos socio-territoriales: Puerto Iguazú y Reserva Iriapú, 600 hectáreas. Misiones, Argentina

Se presenta una revisión teórica y analítica sobre la ciudad turística de Puerto Iguazú y su área periurbana, "Reserva Iriapú Parque Nacional en Misiones Argentina. En esta área se albergan comunidades nativas de guaraníes, que han sufrido modificaciones sociales en su espacio geográfico a partir del 2003, periodo en el cual los flujos de capital internacional aumentaron y las políticas públicas turísticas se consolidaron hacia procesos de internacionalización. En este contexto, el objetivo de la presente investigación se enfoca en identificar cuáles han sido los impactos socio-territoriales en el área de amortiguación, ocasionados por la actividad turística. Para ello se analizaron una diversidad de documentos (informes, planes de desarrollo, datos estadísticos de Organismos Gubernamentales, consultoras privadas e informes académicos) así como primeros acercamientos de campo al área de estudio, lo que permitió hacer una recopilación de datos y testimonios que abonaron a la revisión teórica y analítica. Donde las conclusiones muestran que las políticas turísticas y territoriales provinciales lejos de propiciar un desarrollo justo y equilibrado para las comunidades nativas, terminan por aumentar los niveles de desigualdad social y profundizar la polarización socio-territorial, disminuyendo a la vez la participación ciudadana.Se presenta una revisión teórica y analítica sobre la ciudad turística de Puerto Iguazú y su área periurbana, "Reserva Iriapú Parque Nacional en Misiones Argentina. En esta área se albergan comunidades nativas de guaraníes, que han sufrido modificaciones sociales en su espacio geográfico a partir del 2003, periodo en el cual los flujos de capital internacional aumentaron y las políticas públicas turísticas se consolidaron hacia procesos de internacionalización. En este contexto, el objetivo de la presente investigación se enfoca en identificar cuáles han sido los impactos socio-territoriales en el área de amortiguación, ocasionados por la actividad turística. Para ello se analizaron una diversidad de documentos (informes, planes de desarrollo, datos estadísticos de Organismos Gubernamentales, consultoras privadas e informes académicos) así como primeros acercamientos de campo al área de estudio, lo que permitió hacer una recopilación de datos y testimonios que abonaron a la revisión teórica y analítica. Donde las conclusiones muestran que las políticas turísticas y territoriales provinciales lejos de propiciar un desarrollo justo y equilibrado para las comunidades nativas, terminan por aumentar los niveles de desigualdad social y profundizar la polarización socio-territorial, disminuyendo a la vez la participación ciudadana

Representándose al “otro migrante”: el poder judicial como institución statalnacional

El artículo aborda la problemática de la construcción de la otredad del migrante internacional. En primer lugar, se profundiza en algunas categorías teóricas acerca de la idea de nación y nacionalidad para, luego, analizar cuáles son algunas de las representaciones sociales de miembros del poder judicial del Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires (AMBA) acerca de los migrantes externos recientemente llegados a nuestro país. Así, a partir de una dimensión de dichas representaciones referida a la construcción identitaria nacional y otra vinculada a atributos de la “personalidad del migrante” se intenta ver de qué manera ello incide en el modo como los entrevistados, en tanto voces institucionales, conciben el acceso a derechos de los migrantes en cuestión.The paper is about the problem of the construction of the otherness of international migrant. First, it explores some theoretical categories about the idea of nation and nationality, then analyze what are some of the social representations of judiciary of Metropolitan Area of Buenos Aires (AMBA) about external migrants recently arrived to our country. So, from a dimension of these representations relating to the construction of national identity and other attributes associated with the "personality of migrants" tries to see how it affects the way the respondents, like institutional voices, conceive access rights of migrants in question.Fil: Gonzalez, Anahi Patricia. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Las Finanzas: Administracion de la cartera Comercial de la Empresa el Buen Vino S,A en el año 2014

Actualmente en la empresa EL BUEN VINO, S.A. los niveles de venta aumentaron en el último semestre del año 2013 por lo que se requiere analizar la administración de la cartera comercial para determinar la efectividad de las operaciones realizadas a través de herramientas financieras que permitan evaluar los procesos y procedimientos utilizados en el departamento de cartera considerando el aumento en los saldos en la integración de las cuentas. Al efectuar el análisis financiero se aplicaron herramientas de análisis financieros tales como métodos de análisis horizontal y vertical para determinar los aumentos y las disminuciones de importancia relativa en las cuentas que integran los estados financieros. Se implementaron razones financieras que permitió evaluar cada proceso vinculado con la administración de cartera comercial. Al momento de realizar el análisis de antigüedad de saldo se determino el riesgo de cobro que surge de las variaciones en los saldos de las carteras mayores a 30 días. Estos análisis determinaron saldos elevados en la cartera comercial, considerando la incorrecta implementación de estándares de selección de clientes para otorgamiento de créditos y políticas de apoyo a la gestión de cobro. Influyendo la cartera de clientes que poseen condiciones de créditos especiales y conforman las carteras vencidas en la integración de las cuentas por cobrar

Evaluation of remote sensing methods for continuous cover forestry

The overall aim of the project was to investigate the potential and challenges in the application of high spatial and spectral resolution remote sensing to forest stands in the UK for Continuous Cover Forestry (CCF) purposes. Within the context of CCF, a relatively new forest management strategy that has been implemented in several European countries, the usefulness of digital remote sensing techniques lie in their potential ability to retrieve parameters at sub-stand level and, in particular, in the assessment of natural regeneration and light regimes. The idea behind CCF is the support of a sustainable forest management system reducing disturbance of the forest ecosystem and encouraging the use of more natural methods, e.g. natural regeneration, for which the light environment beneath the forest canopy plays a fundamental role.The study was carried out at a test area in central Scotland, situated within the Queen Elizabeth II Forest Park (lat. 56°10' N, long. 4° 23' W). Six plots containing three different species (Norway spruce, European larch and Sessile oak), characterized by their different light regimes, were established within the area for the measurement of forest variables using a forest inventory approach and hemispherical photography. The remote sensing data available for the study consisted of Landsat ETM+ imagery, a small footprint multi-return lidar dataset over the study area, Airborne Thematic Mapper (ATM) data, and aerial photography with same acquisition date as the lidar data.Landsat ETM+ imagery was used for the spectral characterisation of the species under study and the evaluation of phenological change as a factor to consider for future acquisitions of remotely sensed imagery. Three approaches were used for the discrimination between species: raw data, NDVI, and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). It can be concluded that no single date is ideal for discriminating the species studied (early summer was best) and that a combination of two or three datasets covering their phenological cycles is optimal for the differentiation. Although the approaches used helped to characterize the forest species, especially to the discrimination between spruces, larch and the deciduous oak species, further work is needed in order to define an optimum approach to discriminate between spruce species (e.g. Sitka spruce and Norway spruce) for which spectral responses are very similar. In general, the useful ranges of the indices were small, so a careful and accurate preprocessing of the imagery is highly recommended.Lidar, ATM, and aerial photographic datasets were analysed for the characterisation of vertical and horizontal forest structure. A slope-based algorithm was developed for the extraction of ground elevation and tree heights from multiple return lidar data, the production of a Digital Terrain Model (DTM) and Digital Surface Model (DSM) of the area under study, and for the comparison of the predicted lidar tree heights with the true tree heights, followed by the building of a Digital Canopy Model (DCM) for the determination of percentage canopy cover and tree crown delineation. Mean height and individual tree heights were estimated for all sample plots. The results showed that lidar underestimated tree heights by an average of 1.49 m. The standard deviation of the lidar estimates was 3.58 m and the mean standard error was 0.38 m.This study assessed the utility of an object-oriented approach for deciduous and coniferous crown delineation, based on small-footprint, multiple return lidar data, high resolution ATM imagery, and aerial photography. Special emphasis in the analysis was made in the fusion of aerial photography and lidar data for tree crown detection and classification, as it was expected that the high vertical accuracy of lidar, combined with the high spatial resolution aerial photography would render the best results and would provide the forestry sector with an affordable and accurate means for forest management and planning. Most of the field surveyed trees could be automatically and correctly detected, especially for the spruce and larch plots, but the complexity of the deciduous plots hindered the tree recognition approach, leading to poor crown extent and gap estimations. Indicators of light availability were calculated from the lidar data by calculation of laser hit penetration rates and percentage canopy cover. These results were compared to estimates of canopy openness obtained from hemispherical pictures for the same locations.Finally, the synergistic benefits of all datasets were evaluated and the forest structural variables determined from remote sensing and hemispherical photography were examined as indicators of light availability for regenerating seedlings

PROBABILISTIC RISK MAPPING COUPLING BAYESIAN NETWORKS AND GIS, AND BAYESIAN MODEL CALIBRATION OF SUBMARINE LANDSLIDES.

A spatial and causal probabilistic methodology is introduced for risk assessment based on the coupling of a conceptual Bayesian Network (BN) model and GIS to generate risk maps. The proposed integration of these spatial events is referred to as BN+GIS, which features forward and inverse modeling, denoted in this work as spatial prognosis and spatial diagnosis, respectively. This approach is illustrated through two case studies: (1) environmental risk associated to oil and gas site developments implemented in the Barnett Shale Play in Texas, and (2) landslide susceptibility in the Elliott State Forest in the Oregon Coastal Range. This approach will equip stakeholders, such as land owners, operators, regulators, government officials, and other related organizations with a platform that can help them improve the assessment of future potential risk scenarios, and to identify likely consequences that would lead to undesirable states of environmental risks ahead of time. A sensitivity analysis was performed on BN+GIS to study the influence of some of the user-defined parameters on the model’s results, such as sample size, spatial interval of the systematic sampling methodology, and the prescribed diagnosis distribution used for decision making purposes. As an additional effort to portray the potential application of the Bayesian paradigm on risk assessment, a parameter estimation methodology is implemented using bathymetry data and CPT logs. This approach is illustrated through a study case, where information was mined from existent landslides to perform a Bayesian calibration on an infinite slope model. This approach allowed to estimate posterior probability distributions of physical parameters given a prescribed factor of safety, to assess the most likely depth of failure, and to identify the optimum amount of samples required to maximize the reliability of the inferences. This work focusses on providing a substantial contribution to improved policymaking and management through the use of integrated sources of evidence such as real data, model predictions and experts educated beliefs

Evolutionary dynamics of insertion sequences in relation to the evolutionary histories of the chromosome and symbiotic plasmid genes of Rhizobium etli populations

Insertion sequences (IS) are mobile genetic elements that are distributed in many prokaryotes. In particular, in the genomes of the symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria collectively known as rhizobia, IS are fairly abundant in plasmids or chromosomal islands that carry the genes needed for symbiosis. Here, we report an analysis of the distribution and genetic conservation of the IS found in the genome of Rhizobium etli CFN42 in a collection of 87 Rhizobium strains belonging to populations with different geographical origins. We used PCR to generate presence/absence profiles of the 39 IS found in R. etli CFN42 and evaluated whether the IS were located in consistent genomic contexts. We found that the IS from the symbiotic plasmid were frequently present in the analyzed strains, whereas the chromosomal IS were observed less frequently. We then examined the evolutionary dynamics of these strains based on a population genetic analysis of two chromosomal housekeeping genes (glyA and dnaB) and three symbiotic sequences (nodC and the two IS elements). Our results indicate that the IS contained within the symbiotic plasmid have a higher degree of genomic context conservation, lower nucleotide diversity and genetic differentiation, and fewer recombination events than the chromosomal housekeeping genes. These results suggest that the R. etli populations diverged recently in Mexico, that the symbiotic plasmid also had a recent origin, and that the IS elements have undergone a process of cyclic infection and expansion

La responsabilidad social empresarial (RSE), es posible

En la avanzada sociedad del conocimiento en la que nos encontramos, las empresas ya no operan en entornos en los que el consumidor es un agente pasivo, obediente ante la empresa, sin personalidad. Nos encontramos ante un nuevo consumidor activo, reactivo, que analiza críticamente todos los comportamientos que se dan en su entorno y, por ende, los comunica y difunde, ya sea en beneficio de la empresa como en su detrimento.In the advanced knowledge society in which we find ourselves today, enterprises no longer operate in environments in which the consumer is a passive, obedient agent with no character. We are now before a new active, reactive consumer who critically analyses all the behaviours that occur within his or her surroundings and, accordingly, communicates and disseminates them, regardless of whether it is to the enterprise’s benefit or to its detriment