3,687 research outputs found
Fixing the U-band photometry of Type Ia supernovae
We present previously unpublished photometry of supernovae 2003gs and 2003hv.
Using spectroscopically-derived corrections to the U-band photometry, we
reconcile U-band light curves made from imagery with the Cerro Tololo 0.9-m,
1.3-m and Las Campanas 1-m telescopes. Previously, such light curves showed a
0.4 mag spread at one month after maximum light. This gives us hope that a set
of corrected ultraviolet light curves of nearby objects can contribute to the
full utilization of rest frame U-band data of supernovae at redshift ~0.3 to
0.8. As pointed out recently by Kessler et al. in the context of the Sloan
Digital Sky Survey supernova search, if we take the published U-band photometry
of nearby Type Ia supernovae at face value, there is a 0.12 mag U-band anomaly
in the distance moduli of higher redshift objects. This anomaly led the Sloan
survey to eliminate from their analyses all photometry obtained in the rest
frame U-band. The Supernova Legacy Survey eliminated observer frame U-band
photometry, which is to say nearby objects observed in the U-band, but they
used photometry of high redshift objects no matter in which band the photons
were emitted.Comment: 25 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in the Astronomical
Journa
Evolution of surname distribution under gender-equality measurements
We consider a model for the evolution of the surnames distribution under a
gender-equality measurement presently discussed in the Spanish parliament (the
children take the surname of the father or the mother according to alphabetical
order). We quantify how this would bias the alphabetical distribution of
surnames, and analyze its effect on the present distribution of the surnames in
Spain
Ahorro energético en riego por aspersión. Pruebas de nuevos aspersores en banco automático con viento
El consumo energético en regadío es directamente proporcional a los valores
objetivos de presión de una red colectiva de riego presurizada. El sistema de riego en
parcela que más condiciona esta presión objetivo es el riego por aspersión. En este trabajo
se ha analizado el comportamiento de los aspersores más utilizados en España en
condiciones normales de funcionamiento frente a condiciones de presiones más bajas. Para
ello se utilizó un banco de ensayo automático con viento y otro en condiciones confinadas
sin viento. Se analizaron los aspersores en múltiples condiciones de trabajo, priorizando en
el estudio la variable presión. Para ello se contempló un rango de presiones de 1,5 bar a 3.5
bar y con dos regímenes de viento: sin viento y con viento moderado. Como resultados del
estudio se ofrece un análisis global de los datos obtenidos, que justifican la posibilidad de
reducir la presión en riego por aspersión Además, se profundiza en resultados concretos
para la reducción de la presión en el marco de riego de doce por quince metros
Distant ULIRGs in the SWIRE Survey
Covering ~49 square degrees in 6 separate fields, the Spitzer Wide-area InfraRed Extragalactic (SWIRE) Legacy survey has the largest area among Spitzer’s “wedding cake” suite of extragalactic surveys. SWIRE is thus optimized for studies of large scale structure, population studies requiring excellent statistics, and searches for rare objects. We discuss the search for high redshift ultraluminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs) with SWIRE. We have selected complete samples of F_(24μm) > 200 μJy, optically faint, candidate high redshift (z>1) ULIRGs, based on their mid-infrared spectral energy distributions (SEDs). These can be broadly categorized as star formation (SF)-dominated, based on the presence of a clear stellar peak at rest frame 1.6μm redshifted into the IRAC bands, or AGN-dominated if the SED rises featureless into the mid-infrared. AGN-dominated galaxies strongly dominate at the brightest 24μm fluxes, while SF-dominated objects rise rapidly in frequency as F_(24) drops, dominating the sample below 0.5 mJy. We derive photometric redshifts and luminosities for SFdominated objects sampling the z~1.2-3 range. Luminosity functions are being derived and compared with submm-selected samples at similar redshifts. The clustering, millimeter and IR spectral properties of the samples have also been investigated
Do the photometric colors of Type II-P Supernovae allow accurate determination of host galaxy extinction?
We present infrared photometry of SN 1999em, plus optical photometry,
infrared photometry, and optical spectroscopy of SN 2003hn. Both objects were
Type II-P supernovae. The V-[RIJHK] color curves of these supernovae evolved in
a very similar fashion until the end of plateau phase. This allows us to
determine how much more extinction the light of SN 2003hn suffered compared to
SN 1999em. Since we have an estimate of the total extinction suffered by SN
1999em from model fits of ground-based and space-based spectra as well as
photometry of SN 1999em, we can estimate the total extinction and absolute
magnitudes of SN 2003hn with reasonable accuracy. Since the host galaxy of SN
2003hn also produced the Type Ia SN 2001el, we can directly compare the
absolute magnitudes of these two SNe of different types.Comment: 24 pages, 6 figure
A fast stroboscopic spectral method for rotating systems in numerical relativity
We present a numerical technique for solving evolution equations, as the wave
equation, in the description of rotating astrophysical compact objects in
comoving coordinates, which avoids the problems associated with the light
cylinder. The technique implements a fast spectral matching between two domains
in relative rotation: an inner spherical domain, comoving with the sources and
lying strictly inside the light cylinder, and an outer inertial spherical
shell. Even though the emphasis is placed on spectral techniques, the matching
is independent of the specific manner in which equations are solved inside each
domain, and can be adapted to different schemes. We illustrate the strategy
with some simple but representative examples.Comment: 16 pages, 15 figure
Differential Gene Expression Profiles Reflecting Macrophage Polarization in Aging and Periodontitis Gingival Tissues
Recent evidence has determined a phenotypic and functional heterogeneity for macrophage populations. This plasticity of macrophage function has been related to specific properties of subsets (M1 and M2) of these cells in inflammation, adaptive immune responses and resolution of tissue destructive processes. This investigation hypothesized that targeted alterations in the distribution of macrophage phenotypes in aged individuals, and with periodontitis would be skewed towards M1 inflammatory macrophages in gingival tissues. The study used a non-human primate model to evaluate gene expression profiles as footprints of macrophage variation in healthy and periodontitis gingival tissues from animals 3-23 years of age and in periodontitis tissues in adult and aged animals. Significant increases in multiple genes reflecting overall increases in macrophage activities were observed in healthy aged tissues, and were significantly increased in periodontitis tissues from both adults and aged animals. Generally, gene expression patterns for M2 macrophages were similar in healthy young, adolescent and adult tissues. However, modest increases were noted in healthy aged tissues, similar to those seen in periodontitis tissues from both age groups. M1 macrophage gene transcription patterns increased significantly over the age range in healthy tissues, with multiple genes (e.g. CCL13, CCL19, CCR7 and TLR4) significantly increased in aged animals. Additionally, gene expression patterns for M1 macrophages were significantly increased in adult health versus periodontitis and aged healthy versus periodontitis. The findings supported a significant increase in macrophages with aging and in periodontitis. The primary increases in both healthy aged tissues and, particularly periodontitis tissues appeared in the M1 phenotype
Use of LANDSAT 8 images for depth and water quality assessment of el Guájaro Reservoir, Colombia
The aim of this study was to evaluate the viability of using Landsat 8 spectral images to estimate water quality parameters and depth in El Guájaro Reservoir. On February and March 2015, two samplings were carried out in the reservoir, coinciding with the Landsat 8 images. Turbidity, dissolved oxygen, electrical conductivity, pH and depth were evaluated. Through multiple regression analysis between measured water quality parameters and the reflectance of the pixels corresponding to the sampling stations, statistical models with determination coefficients between 0.6249 and 0.9300 were generated. Results indicate that from a small number of measured parameters we can generate reliable models to estimate the spatial variation of turbidity, dissolved oxygen, pH and depth, as well the temporal variation of electrical conductivity, so models generated from Landsat 8 can be used as a tool to facilitate the environmental, economic and social management of the reservoir
The fast declining Type Ia supernova 2003gs, and evidence for a significant dispersion in near-infrared absolute magnitudes of fast decliners at maximum light
We obtained optical photometry of SN 2003gs on 49 nights, from 2 to 494 days
after T(B_max). We also obtained near-IR photometry on 21 nights. SN 2003gs was
the first fast declining Type Ia SN that has been well observed since SN
1999by. While it was subluminous in optical bands compared to more slowly
declining Type Ia SNe, it was not subluminous at maximum light in the near-IR
bands. There appears to be a bimodal distribution in the near-IR absolute
magnitudes of Type Ia SNe at maximum light. Those that peak in the near-IR
after T(B_max) are subluminous in the all bands. Those that peak in the near-IR
prior to T(B_max), such as SN 2003gs, have effectively the same near-IR
absolute magnitudes at maximum light regardless of the decline rate Delta
m_15(B).
Near-IR spectral evidence suggests that opacities in the outer layers of SN
2003gs are reduced much earlier than for normal Type Ia SNe. That may allow
gamma rays that power the luminosity to escape more rapidly and accelerate the
decline rate. This conclusion is consistent with the photometric behavior of SN
2003gs in the IR, which indicates a faster than normal decline from
approximately normal peak brightness.Comment: 41 pages, 13 figures, to be published in the December, 2009, issue of
the Astronomical Journa
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