Cultura material y etnicidad. Observaciones etnoarqueológicas en la región de Gambela (Etiopía)

[ES] Este artículo presenta datos de dos campañas etnoarqueológicas llevadas a cabo en la región de Gambela, Etiopía occidental, en 2009 y 2010. La investigación se centró en cinco de los seis grupos étnicos ¿indígenas¿ que viven en la región hoy en día: nuer, añuak, komo, opuuo y sabu. Nuestro conocimiento histórico y etnográfico de estos grupos es dispar. Existe una abundancia de información publicada sobre los dos primeros, una menor cantidad para los komo y prácticamente nada para los opuuo y sabu. En todos los casos, su cultura material apenas se ha tenido en cuenta hasta ahora. En este trabajo, ofrecemos descripciones del mundo material y las tecnologías de estas comunidades, especialmente la cerámica y la arquitectura doméstica, y mostramos su utilidad para comprender las múltiples relaciones entre objetos, etnicidad y principios sociales.[EN] This article presents ethnoarchaeological data from two field seasons conducted in Gambela region, Western Ethiopia, in 2009 and 2010. Research focused on five of the six “indigenous” ethnic groups living in the region today: Nuer, Añuak, Komo, Opuuo and Sabu. Our historical and ethnographic knowledge of these groups is dissimilar. There exists a wealth of published information for the first two, a lesser amount for the Komo and virtually none for the Opuuo and Sabu. In all cases, their material culture has been scarcely considered to date. Here, we offer descriptions of the material world and technologies of these communities, especially pottery and domestic architecture, and show their usefulness for understanding the manifold relations of objects, ethnicity and social principles.Peer Reviewe

Thermal annealing of tilted fiber Bragg gratings

We report a practical study of the thermal decay of cladding mode resonances in tilted fiber Bragg gratings, establishing an analogy with the “power law” evolution previously observed on uniform gratings. We examine how this process contributes to a great thermal stability, even improving it by means of a second cycle slightly increasing the annealing temperature. In addition, we show an improvement of the grating spectrum after annealing, with respect to the one just after inscription, which suggests the application of this method to be employed to improve saturation issues during the photo-inscription process.Á. González-Vila is supported by the F.R.S.-FNRS through a FRIA grant. C. Caucheteur is supported by the F.R.S.-FNRS. The authors would also like to thank the financial support from the ERC (European Research Council) Starting Independent Grant PROSPER (grant agreement No. 280161 – http://hosting.umons.ac.be/aspnet/erc-prosper/) and from the project TEC2013-47264-C2-1-R of the Spanish government

Prospección arqueológica y etnoarqueológica de Metema y Qwara

[ES] El área noroccidental de Etiopía es desconocida desde un punto de vista arqueolóco, pese a su importancia como una zona de transición entre las tierras bajas sudanesas y el altiplano etíope. En 2013 llevamos a cabo la primera prospección arqueológica y etnoarqueológica del área. Durante nuestra investigación descubrimos tanto yacimientos prehistóricos como históricos. Por lo que se re ere a los primeros, se trata de áreas de dispersión de materiales líticos pertenecientes mayoritariamente a la Late Stone Age. Más relevante es el descubrimiento de un abrigo rocoso con pinturas esquemáticas, dada su rareza en la frontera etíope-sudanesa. La mayor parte de los yacimientos históricos son fuertes de piedra datados en la segunda mitad del siglo xix, la mayor parte de los cuales se reocuparon durante el periodo italiano (1936-1941). Desde el punto de vista de la etnoarqueología destaca el «descubrimiento» de un grupo e¿tnico no documentado: los dats'in, hablantes de una lengua desconocida emparentada con el gumuz[EN] The area of NW Ethiopia is unknown from an archaeological point of view, despite its relevance as an ecological and cultural transition zone between the Sudanese lowlands and the Ethiopian highlands. In 2013 we carried out the first archaeological and ethnoarchaeological survey of the area. During our research we discovered both prehistoric and historical sites. Prehistoric sites are mostly lithic scatters belonging to the Late Stone Age. More relevant was the discovery of a rock shelter with schematic paintings, given its extreme rarity in the Sudanese-Ethiopian borderland. The large majority of historical sites are stone forts dated to the second half of the nineteenth century, most of which were reoccupied during the Italian period (1936-1941). From an ethnoarchaeological point of view, the «discovery» of a previously undocumented group has to be pointed out: the dats’in, who speak an unknown language closely related to gumuz.Peer Reviewe

Virtual reality training platform for flexible ureterorenoscopy interventions with a minimally invasive surgical robot

The total number of ureteroscopy (URS) interventions during the past years has dramatically increased due to the ongoing technological advances and the benefits associated with these techniques. However, the current URS procedure presents some drawbacks to urologic surgeons. The LITHOS project was created with the main objective of developing a surgical robotic system for flexible ureterorenoscopic lithotripsy interventions, offering a technological solution that meets the real needs of both patients and surgeons in this type of procedures. In this paper, a virtual reality environment for flexible ureterorenoscopy interventions is presented. The proposed environment provides a suitable training platform for surgeons manipulating the surgical robotic system

Arqueología del fascismo en Etiopía (1936-1941)

Durante la última década, la arqueología del siglo XX se ha impuesto como un campo innovador y de creciente importancia dentro de la disciplina. En particular, la arqueología del conflicto es la que ha gozado de un mayor desarrollo. Este tipo de investigación entiende el conflicto en sentido lato: guerras, conflictos civiles, luchas obreras, genocidios, revoluciones, represión política, cárceles y colonialismo son algunos de los temas abordados por la subdisciplina. En este artículo pretendemos mostrar las posibilidades de la arqueología del conflicto contemporáneo a través del estudio de los restos italianos en la frontera entre Sudán y Etiopía (1936-1941), que hemos tenido ocasión de estudiar en el marco de un proyecto desarrollado desde 2001 por el Departamento de Prehistoria de la Universidad Complutense.During the last decade, the archaeology of the twentieth century has proved to be an innovative and increasingly important field within the discipline. In particular, the archaeology of conflict has enjoyed a remarkable development. This kind of research understands conflict sensu lato: war, civil conflict, class struggle, genocide, revolutions, political repression, prisons, and colonialism are some of the topics studied by the subdiscipline. In this article, we intend to show the possibilities of the archaeology of contemporary conflict through the study of the Italian remains in the frontier between Sudan and Ethiopia (1936-1941) that we have had the opportunity to study in the framework of a project developed since 2001 by the Department of Prehistory of the Complutense University of Madrid

Individual Cell-Level Temperature Monitoring of a Lithium-Ion Battery Pack

The work described herein details the deployment of an optical fibre strand with five fibre Bragg grating (FBG) sensors for individual cell-level temperature monitoring of a three-cell lithium-ion battery pack. A polymer guide tube with 3D printed plinths is employed, resulting in high precision temperature readings with an average error of 0.97 °C, 1.33 °C, and 1.27 °C for FBG sensors on each battery cell, surpassing traditional thermocouple and platinum resistance sensors in some circumstances. The temperature response of FBGs positioned between battery cells demonstrates that, in addition to sensing temperature at the cell level, temperature data can be effectively acquired between cells, suggesting that FBGs may be used to monitor the heat radiated from individual cells in a battery pack

Groin surgical site infection incidence in vascular surgery with intradermal suture versus metallic stapling skin closure. A study protocol for a pragmatic open-label parallel-group randomized clinical trial (VASC-INF trial)

Background: Surgical site infection is 1 of the most frightening complications in vascular surgery due to its high morbimortality. The use of intradermal sutures for skin closure might be associated with a reduction in infections incidence. However, the data available in the literature is scarce and primarily built on low-evidence studies. To our knowledge, no multicenter clinical trial has been published to assess if the intradermal suture is associated with a lower surgical site infection incidence than metallic staples in patients who will undergo revascularization surgery requiring a femoral approach. Methods: VASC-INF is a pragmatic, multicenter, multistate (Spain, Italy, and Greece), randomized, open-label, clinical trial assessing the surgical site infection incidence in patients undergoing revascularization surgery requiring a femoral approach. Patients will be randomized on a 1:1 ratio to intradermal suture closure (experimental group) or to metallic staples closure (control group).The primary outcome is the number (percentage) of patients with surgical site infection (superficial and/or deep) associated with a femoral approach up to 28 (±2) days after surgery. Among the secondary outcomes are the number (percentage) of patients with other surgical wound complications; the number (percentage) of patients with surgical site infections who develop sepsis; type of antibiotic therapy used; type of microorganisms' species isolated and to describe the surgical site infection risk factors. Discussion: Intradermal suture closure may be beneficial in patients undergoing revascularization surgery requiring a femoral approach. Our working hypothesis is that intradermal suture closure reduces the incidence of surgical site infection respect to metallic staples closure

Uruguay : inseguridad, delito y Estado

La inseguridad en Uruguay: genealogía básica de un sentimiento / por Rafael Paternain -- La ilusión represiva. Delito y política / por Alvaro Rico -- Violencia e inseguridad en la historia reciente / por Carlos Demasi -- Miedos urbanos en Montevideo / por Verónica Filardo -- El "yo" y el "nosotros" una compleja relación / por Marcelo N. Viñar -- Las ciencias sociales y el campo de la seguridad ciudadana: ¿Tiene algo que decir la teoría del derecho sobre esto? / por Oscar Sarlo -- Hitos teóricos y empíricos para entender la "seguridad" / por Rafael Bayce -- Jóvenes inservibles y menores incorregibles. Los residuos del crecimiento económico / por Luis Eduardo Morás -- Violencia estatal y construcción de la(s) juventud(es). Conocimiento etnográfico de algunos continuos de violencia / por Ricardo Fraiman y Marcelo Rossal -- Adolescentes infractoras. El lado femenino de la exclusión / por Nilia Viscardi -- Culturas locales de jóvenes globales (o al revés) / por Gabriel Kaplún -- La matriz policial uruguaya: 40 años de gestación / por Alejandro Vila -- Suicidio y precariedad en el Uruguay / por Víctor González -- Explicaciones de la no reincidencia delictiva / por Francisco Pucci, Emiliano Rojido, Nicolás Trajtenberg y Ana Vigna

Table_4_CARB-ES-19 Multicenter Study of Carbapenemase-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli From All Spanish Provinces Reveals Interregional Spread of High-Risk Clones Such as ST307/OXA-48 and ST512/KPC-3.pdf

[Objectives] CARB-ES-19 is a comprehensive, multicenter, nationwide study integrating whole-genome sequencing (WGS) in the surveillance of carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae (CP-Kpn) and E. coli (CP-Eco) to determine their incidence, geographical distribution, phylogeny, and resistance mechanisms in Spain.[Methods] In total, 71 hospitals, representing all 50 Spanish provinces, collected the first 10 isolates per hospital (February to May 2019); CPE isolates were first identified according to EUCAST (meropenem MIC > 0.12 mg/L with immunochromatography, colorimetric tests, carbapenem inactivation, or carbapenem hydrolysis with MALDI-TOF). Prevalence and incidence were calculated according to population denominators. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using the microdilution method (EUCAST). All 403 isolates collected were sequenced for high-resolution single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) typing, core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST), and resistome analysis.[Results] In total, 377 (93.5%) CP-Kpn and 26 (6.5%) CP-Eco isolates were collected from 62 (87.3%) hospitals in 46 (92%) provinces. CP-Kpn was more prevalent in the blood (5.8%, 50/853) than in the urine (1.4%, 201/14,464). The cumulative incidence for both CP-Kpn and CP-Eco was 0.05 per 100 admitted patients. The main carbapenemase genes identified in CP-Kpn were blaOXA–48 (263/377), blaKPC–3 (62/377), blaVIM–1 (28/377), and blaNDM–1 (12/377). All isolates were susceptible to at least two antibiotics. Interregional dissemination of eight high-risk CP-Kpn clones was detected, mainly ST307/OXA-48 (16.4%), ST11/OXA-48 (16.4%), and ST512-ST258/KPC (13.8%). ST512/KPC and ST15/OXA-48 were the most frequent bacteremia-causative clones. The average number of acquired resistance genes was higher in CP-Kpn (7.9) than in CP-Eco (5.5).[Conclusion] This study serves as a first step toward WGS integration in the surveillance of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales in Spain. We detected important epidemiological changes, including increased CP-Kpn and CP-Eco prevalence and incidence compared to previous studies, wide interregional dissemination, and increased dissemination of high-risk clones, such as ST307/OXA-48 and ST512/KPC-3.Peer reviewe