Utilización de sardinas fritas en aceite de oliva en el tratamiento de hipercolesterolemia experimental inducida por dieta

Tesis de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Farmacia, Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología I (Nutrición), leída el 27-04-1992La finalidad de esta tesis es valorar la eficacia en el tratamiento y prevención de hipercolesterolemia inducida por dieta del consumo de sardinas fritas en aceite de oliva. Después de un periodo de inducción hipercolesterolemiante con colesterol y bilis de buey, se estudiaron los efectos de dieta conteniendo sardinas fritas adicionadas o no con un 2% de colesterol y también el efecto de la grasa de pescado al variar el tipo de proteína dietaria. Se valoraron las modificaciones en la colesterolemia, perfil lipoproteico, contenido y proporción de la grasa hepática y otros tejidos, estudiándose además la excreción fecal de grasa, colesterol y ácidos biliares. Los resultados señalan que la aceptabilidad de las dietas conteniendo sardinas fritas fue similar a las de las dietas conteniendo caseina y aceite de oliva, reflejándose en tasa de crecimiento similares. Las dietas conteniendo sardinas fritas se muestran eficaces en el tratamiento y prevención de esta hipercolesterolemia experimental debido en particular a su contenido en ácido graso poliinsaturados de la familia n-3. sin embargo, la fuente proteica, proteína de sardinas fritas, ejerce respecto a la caseina +dl metionina un efecto potenciador de la acción hipolipemiante de los pufa n-3. Por lo tanto la inclusión de sardinas fritas en la dieta y no sólo de su grasa seria el tratamiento mas valido para la normalización del perfil lipoproteicoThe purpose of this thesis is to assess the efficacy in the treatment and prevention of hypercholesterolemia induced by diet of the consumption of sardines fried in olive oil. After a hypercholesterolemic induction period with cholesterol and ox bile, the effects of diet were studied containing fried sardines added or not with 2% cholesterol and also the effect of fish fat by varying the type of dietary protein. Modifications in cholesterolemia, lipoprotein profile, content and proportion of liver fat and other tissues were assessed, and faecal excretion of fat, cholesterol and bile acids was also studied. The results indicate that the acceptability of the diets containing fried sardines was similar to that of the diets containing casein and olive oil, reflecting similar growth rates. Diets containing fried sardines are effective in the treatment and prevention of this experimental hypercholesterolemia, in particular due to its content of polyunsaturated fatty acids of the n-3 family. however, the protein source, fried sardine protein, exerts a potentiating effect on the lipid lowering action of pufa n-3 compared to casein + dl methionine. Therefore, the inclusion of fried sardines in the diet and not only their fat would be the most valid treatment for the normalization of the lipoprotein profile.Depto. de Nutrición y Ciencia de los AlimentosFac. de FarmaciaTRUEpu

New evidences to know the Late Antiquity in Cerro de Tormejón (Armuña, Segovia, Spain)

El propósito de este trabajo es ampliar la información existente sobre la fase tardoantigua en el Cerro Tormejón a través del análisis tanto de los materiales recuperados hace unos años en él, con motivo de la realización de una campaña de excavación, como de otros procedentes de varios trabajos de prospección. Esta nueva documentación y la disponible en la bibliografía arqueológica nos ha permitido concretar aspectos relativos a los siglos V y VI d. C. en el área segoviana del corredor del Eresma.The aim of this paper is to show a Late Antiquity pottery collection from Tormejón hillfort, a settlement located near Eresma river, between the roman cities of Segovia and Cauca (Coca). Our principal support of analysis is an ancient archaeological excavation conduced by one of us and other evidences from intensive survey. With the combination of this material evidences and the little notices of other archaeologists who write about this site, we want to make a synthesis of knowledge for this period

Ultrastable glasses : new perspectives for an old problem

Altres ajuts: the ICN2 was funded by the CERCA programme / Generalitat de Catalunya.Ultrastable glasses (mostly prepared from the vapor phase under optimized deposition conditions) represent a unique class of materials with low enthalpies and high kinetic stabilities. These highly stable and dense glasses show unique physicochemical properties, such as high thermal stability, improved mechanical properties or anomalous transitions into the supercooled liquid, offering unprecedented opportunities to understand many aspects of the glassy state. Their improved properties with respect to liquid-cooled glasses also open new prospects to their use in applications where liquid-cooled glasses failed or where not considered as usable materials. In this review article we summarize the state of the art of vapor-deposited (and other) ultrastable glasses with a focus on the mechanism of equilibration, the transformation to the liquid state and the low temperature properties. The review contains information on organic, metallic, polymeric and chalcogenide glasses and an updated list with relevant properties of all materials known today to form a stable glass

Modeling smart grids as complex systems through the implementation of intelligent hubs

ICINCO 2010The electrical system is undergoing a profound change of state, which will lead to what is being called the smart grid. The necessity of a complex system approach to cope with ongoing changes is presented: combining a systemic approach based on complexity science with the classical views of electrical grids is important for an understanding the behavior of the future grid. Key issues like different layers and inter-layer devices, as well as subsystems are discussed and proposed as a base to create an agent-based system model to run simulations

Using the system dynamics paradigm in teaching and learning technological university subjets

2nd International Conference on Education and New Learning TechnologiesKnowledge of Differential Equations is applied to various scientific fields such as physics, chemistry, biology and engineering and therefore often an important part in the basic subjects of mathematics in the first college courses related to those areas. The logic and common sense seems to indicate teachers use these basic skills acquired by students and employ them to curricula development in the following intensification courses, but unfortunately it is not usually the case. According to the authors, that is because instead of using a generic software to set up and solve the problems of Differential Equations that arise at different areas, what we have is a proliferation of software applied to solve special case problems. Some of these programs offer sophisticated graphical user interfaces to create complex system models, usually by putting together some library components, as if it were a puzzle, but without the need to set up the differential equations. According to the authors, this method, although valuable to solve some specific problems very quickly, is aberrant from the educational point of view, because it allows students to solve problems without knowing what they are doing or how they are doing. Worse, if a complication arises in the problem statement, for which there are no pieces in the puzzle, or execution errors occurs due to an incorrect construction, then they are not able solve the problem. Because of this, software that does not hide the equations and with the user can know at any moment what he/she is doing, from the mathematical point of view, is missing. According to the authors, any simulation program including the System Dynamics paradigm meets this condition because its GUI is very close to differential equations and the Initial Value Problem. The modelling of a system using this paradigm is simply to raise because an initial value problem associated with the system is quickly represented by the graphical user interface of the simulation program. This article presents some learning experiences focused on "problem based learning" using AnyLogic, which provides the System Dynamics paradigm to perform simulations of physical systems. The program provides a graphical environment that allows to perform animations very easily. The first on is to simulate the filling of a tank of water where the model is a first order non-linear differential equation. This case is instructive as it is very easy to raise the initial value problem and may be valid to review some concepts already forgotten by the students such as for example the derivative, integral, differential equation and initial value problem. Other simulation exercises posed to students are the control of a cart by a force, a parabolic shooting, and other mechanical, electrical and thermal examples

Transcranial direct current stimulation in neglect rehabilitation after stroke: a systematic review.

Hemispatial neglect is one of the most frequent attention disorders after stroke. The presence of neglect is associated with longer hospital stays, extended rehabilitation periods, and poorer functional recovery. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a new technique with promising results in neglect rehabilitation; therefore, the objective of this systematic review, performed following the PRISMA guidelines, is to evaluate the effectiveness of tDCS on neglect recovery after stroke. The search was done in MEDLINE (PubMed), Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and BioMed Central databases. A total of 311 articles were found; only 11 met the inclusion criteria, including 152 post-stroke patients in total. Methodological quality and risk of bias were assessed for all the studies, and methodological characteristics of the studies, sample sizes, methods, main results, and other relevant data were extracted. tDCS intervention ranged from one to twenty sessions distributed in 1 day to 4 weeks, with intensity ranged from 1 to 2 mA. We found moderate evidence for the efficacy of tDCS in the rehabilitation of hemispatial neglect after a stroke, being more effective in combination with other interventions. Nonetheless, the limited number of studies and some studies' design characteristics makes it risky to draw categorical conclusions. Since scientific evidence is still scarce, further research is needed to determine the advantage of this treatment in acute, sub-acute and chronic stroke patients. Future studies should include larger samples, longer follow-ups, and broader neurophysiological assessments, with the final aim of establishing the appropriate use of tDCS as an adjuvant intervention in neurorehabilitation settings.pre-print964 K

Primeras experiencias españolas con el uso de los ANTIVEGF intravítreos en la retinopatía del prematuro. Estudio multicéntrico

Objetivo: Evaluar el pronóstico anatómico de los niños con retinopatía del prematuro (ROP) tratados con inyecciones intraoculares de antiVEGF y laser. Metodo: Estudio multicéntrico, intervencional y retrospectivo. En el estudio se incluyeron 15 ojos de 12 prematuros con ROP de alto riesgo de 6 hospitales diferentes. De ellos, 17 recibieron fotocoagulación e inyección intraocular de dos formas diferentes: Grupo 1.Tratamiento combinado. Siete ojos. Ambas técnicas se aplicaron en un intervalo menor de 10 días. Grupo 2. Tratamiento postlaser. Siete ojos. Pacientes en los que seguía progresando la retinopatía después de la fotocoagulación (la inyección se efectuó, de media, 37,4 días después). El pronóstico se estableció por la necesidad de vitrectomía y por el resultado anatómica retiniano final. Se efectuó un estudio estadístico comparativo entre ambos grupos con test no paramétricos (U Mann-Withney y Chi2). Resultados: Grupo 1. Se dio laser y se puso la inyección intraocular a los 83,2 y 84,7 días de media, respectivamente. (37,8 y 38,7 semanas postmenstruales-PM-). Grupo 2. Se fotocoaguló a los 70,1 días (36,4 semanas PM) y la inyección intraocular se inyectó a los 107,5 días (41,8 semanas PM). Sólo 4 ojos necesitaron vitrectomía, todos pertenecientes al grupo 1 (57,1 %) y por tanto ninguno del grupo 2 (p=0,07). Evolucionaron a pliegue macular o desprendimiento de retina el 14,3 % del grupo 1 y el 71,4 % del grupo 2 (p=0,1). Conclusiones: La inyección intravítrea de antiVEGF con fotocoagulación fue más efectiva que cuando se administra en casos de ojos no respondedores a la fotocoagulaciónObjective: To assess the anatomical outcome of babies with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) treated with laser and intravitreal injection of antiVEGF. Methods: Retrospective, interventional, multicenter trial. The study included 15 eyes of twelve preterm infants with high risk ROP (from 6 hospitals). Fourteen eyes received intravitreal injections of antiVEGF (bevacizumab or pegaptanib sodium) and laser photocoagulation in two different regimes: Group 1 - combined treatment - (7 eyes). Laser and antiVEGF injections were performed in less than 10 days. Group 2 - postlaser treatment - (7 eyes). Patients with progressive ROP despite peripheral laser ablation (injection antiVEGF, -mean- 37.4 days after). The results were evaluated for the need of more surgery and the final retinal anatomical status. Outcomes for the 2 treatment groups were compared using parametric tests (U Mann-Whitney and Chi2). Results: Group 1. Retinal photocoagulation and intraocular injection were performed at 83.2 and 84.7 days (mean values) or 37.8 and 38.7 weeks (mean values) (postmenstrual age -PMA-). Group 2. Babies underwent photocoagulation at 70.1 days (mean) [36.4 weeks PMA] and injection at 107.5 days [41.8 w. PMA]. Four eyes of group 2 needed vitrectomy (57.1 %) but none in group1 (p=0,07). Macular fold or retinal detachment developed in 14.3 % of group 1 and 71.4 % of group 2 (p=0,1). Conclusion: Intravitreal injection of antiVEGF with photocoagulation was more effective than intravitreal injection in eyes unresponsive to photocoagulatio

Confinement Situation of the Spanish Population during the Health Crisis of COVID-19: Resilience Mediation Process in the Relationship of Dispositional Optimism and Psychological Well-Being

The pandemic generated by COVID-19 is one of the most complex challenges humanity has faced in recent years. This study aims to explore the levels of dispositional optimism, resilience and psychological well-being in the sociodemographic and economic situation produced during the state of alarm and to investigate the resilience mediation between optimism and psychological well-being. The sample included 566 volunteers from Spain (73.5% women; M = 40.2 years, SD = 12.8). An ad hoc questionnaire was applied to request socioeconomic data and dispositional optimism (LOT-R). Resilience and psychological well-being were, respectively, evaluated by the Ryff scale and the Wagnild and Young scale. The results show that older and people with higher educational levels are more optimistic and have better psychological well-being. Well-being is also greater in married, divorced and widowed people and in those who have lived in outdoor spaces. However, those with spaced housing were more optimistic. Finally, it was found that the most optimistic people have better psychological well-being and that this is increased by the mediation process exercised by the ability to overcome adversity, provided age and educational level are controlled. It can be concluded that the design of preventive programs focused on improving strengths, positive emotions and skills in the population would be convenient to protect mental health.This publication and research has been funded by the Program for the Promotion and Promotion of Research and Transfer activity of the University of Cadiz and by the University Institute of Research for Sustainable Social Development (INDESS). University of Cadiz, Spain