La fosfoenolpiruvato carboxilasa (PEPC): enzima clave de los metabolismos fotosintéticos C4 y CAM

http://digital.csic.es/bitstream/10261/29768/13/echevarria.pdfLa fosfoenolpiruvato carboxilasa (PEPC; EC 4.1.1.31) cataliza la β-carboxilación del fosfoenolpiruvato (PEP) en presencia de HCO3 - y Mg2+, para producir oxaloacetato (OAA) y Pi (Chollet et al., 1996). La PEPC está ampliamente distribuida en plantas, algas verdes y microorganismos pero ausente en levaduras y animales (Chollet et al., 1996). En plantas vasculares su papel estelar está relacionado con la fotosíntesis C4 y CAM («Crassulacean acid metabolism»), sin embargo desempeña otras funciones como la anaplerótica, en relación a la síntesis de proteínas, homeostasis del pH citosólico, electroneutralidad y osmolaridad. Está formada por una pequeña familia multigénica algunos de cuyos representantes están regulados a nivel transcripcional por factores como luz, hormonas y metabolitos (Chollet et al., 1996; Vidal y Chollet, 1997). La naturaleza alostérica de la enzima permite una regulación fina en relación a diferentes ambientes metabólicos. La PEPC está regulada por fosforilación reversible, proceso ligado a una cascada de transducción de señales de alta complejidad. En la actualidad es uno de los mejores modelos de señalización descritos en plantas. Este capítulo se centra en los eventos relacionados con este proceso en plantas C4 y CAM, los dos sistemas mejor estudiados en la actualidad (Chollet et al., 1996; Echevarría y Vidal, 2003; Izui et al., 2004; Nimmo, 2000; Vidal y Chollet, 1997).Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (EC 4.1.1.31, PEPC) catalyzes the b-carboxylation of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) by HCO3 - in the presence of Mg2+ to yiel oxaloacetate and Pi (Chollet et al., 1996). PEPC is a widely distributed enzyme in plants, green algae and micro-organisms but absent in yeast and animals (Chollet et al., 1996). In higher plants, it catalyses a pivotal reaction related to such important processes as C4 and Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) photosynthesis, the anaplerotic pathway linked to amino acid synthesis, homeostasis of cytosolic pH, electroneutrality and osmolarity. PEPC belongs to a small multigenic family (Chollet et al., 1996; Vidal y Chollet, 1997). At the transcriptional level, some PEPC genes respond to external and internal factors (light, hormones and metabolites), while at the protein level, the allosteric nature of the enzyme allows its activity to be fine-tuned in relation to a varying metabolic environment. PEPC undergoes a posttranslational control by a phosphorylation process linked to a highly complex signal transduction cascade. Today, it is one of the best-described models of plant signaling. This chapter will focus on what is known about these processes in leaves of C4 and CAM plants, the two systems that have been studied in detail so far (Chollet et al., 1996; Echevarría y Vidal, 2003; Izui et al., 2004; Nimmo, 2000; Vidal y Chollet, 1997)

Análisis de usabilidad y función tecnológica del dispositivo de monitoreo llamado Smart Mesck

122 p.Antecedentes: El mundo avanza rápidamente y cada vez existen más tecnologías en salud que abordan algún problema para mejorar, sin embargo, no hay métodos claros para validar los desarrollos tecnológicos en esta disciplina. Es necesario utilizar un modelo de madurez tecnológica mediante Technology Readiness level para poder facilitar un correcto desarrollo cumpliendo expectativas de los desarrolladores y usuarios finales. En conjunto se deben aplicar simultáneamente encuestas de usabilidad para medir que el producto final sea cómodo y satisfaga al público objetivo. Objetivo general: Analizar función y usabilidad de un dispositivo de telemonitoreo en etapa 4 de Technology Readiness Level para optimizar su desarrollo como dispositivo tecnológico de innovación en la región del Maule en el año 2022. Metodología: 9 adultos voluntarios de edades entre 23 a 44 años, que fueron sometidos a 3 pruebas funcionales, previo, durante y post pruebas se midió el comportamiento de sus signos vitales (frecuencia cardiaca, Saturación de oxígeno, frecuencia respiratoria) con dispositivo tecnológico Smart Mesck y con métodos convencionales. Finalizando las mediciones se aplica escala de usabilidad SUS. Resultados: De las variables medidas con Smart Mesck, la que se asimiló más a los datos obtenidos con métodos convencionales fue la frecuencia respiratoria, a pesar de que esta fue la más difícil de interpretar por la forma en que se expresaban sus datos. Se evidencio que en la variable frecuencia cardiaca existió una mayor diferencia de datos entre los 3 métodos utilizados para comparar. El puntaje de la escala SUS fue de 74.72, esto significa que en términos de usabilidad Smart Mesck es aceptable. Conclusión: Se comprobó que Smart Mesck es usable y funciona comparándolo con los otros métodos de medición, sin embargo, aún quedan funciones a mejorar en aspectos de batería, calibración y comodidad del dispositivo, para elevar su nivel de madurez tecnológica. // ABSTRACT: Background: The world is advancing rapidly and more and more health technologies are addressing a problem to improve it, however there are no clear methods to validate technological developments in this discipline. It is essential to use a technological maturity model through the Technology Readiness level to facilitate correct development, meeting the expectations of developers and end users; This is why usability surveys must be applied simultaneously to measure that the final product is comfortable and satisfies the public objective. General objective: Analyze the function and usability of a telemonitoring device in stage 4 of the Technological Preparation Level to optimize its development as a technological innovation device in the Maule region in 2022. Methods: 9 adult volunteers from 23 to 44 years old, who underwent 3 functional tests, before, during and post tests, the behavior of their vital signs (heart rate, oxygen saturation, respiratory rate) was measured with the Smart Mesck technological device and with conventional methods. At the end of the measurements, the SUS usability scale is applied. Results: Of the variables with Smart Mesck, the one that most resembled the data obtained with the conventional methods measured was respiratory rate, despite the fact that this was the most difficult to interpret due to the way in which its data is expressed. it was evidenced that in the heart rate variables there was a greater difference in data between the 3 methods used to compare. The SUS scale score was 74.72, this means that in terms of usability, Smart Mesck is acceptable. Conclusion: It was verified that Smart Mesck is usable and works by comparing it with the other measurement methods, however there are still functions to be improved in aspects of battery, calibration and comfort of the device, to raise its level of technological maturity

Safety and efficacy clinical trials for SYL1001, a novel short interfering RNA for the treatment of dry eye disease

PURPOSE. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of SYL1001, a short interfering (si) RNA targeting the transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TRPV1), for the treatment of dry eye disease (DED). METHODS. This study combines a phase I and two phase II clinical trials to test different doses of SYL1001 in a total of 156 healthy subjects and patients with DED. After 10 days of treatment, the primary efficacy endpoints were the effect on (1) the scoring in the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaires, and (2) ocular tolerance evaluated by corneal fluorescein staining and conjunctival hyperemia. Secondary endpoints included the assessment of systemic and local tolerance. RESULTS. Topical administration of SYL1001 1.125% once daily produced a significant decrease in VAS scores compared with placebo from day 4 until the end of treatment (change from baseline at day 10: -1.73 ± 0.32 vs. -0.91 ± 0.34; P = 0.013). For all treatments, OSDI scores were significantly reduced compared to their respective baseline values (P < 0.01), although no significant changes were detected between groups. Conjunctival hyperemia (quantified as normal or abnormal) significantly improved after instillation of SYL1001 1.125% compared with placebo (50% vs. 20%; P < 0.05). Excellent tolerability was reported, with no differences in the rates of occurrence of adverse events between groups. CONCLUSION. These trials achieved their primary endpoints of identifying the most effective dose of SYL1001 (1.125%). SYL1001 showed a large safety margin and may provide novel therapeutic opportunity for the relief of dry eye. (ClinicalTrials.gov numbers, NCT01438281, NCT01776658, and NCT02455999.) Eliminar seleccionadoSupported by a grant from the 2012 INNPACTO program of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation: INDREYE (Innovative solutions for the treatment and diagnosis of dry eye disease) grant number IPT-2012-0438-010000 (Madrid, Spain)

Políticas educativas y buenas prácticas TIC : actas II Simposio Internacional SITIC

Este II Simposio Internacional de Políticas Educativas y Buenas Prácticas TIC, se dirigió a expertos e investigadores interesados en los procesos de integración y uso de las tecnologías digitales en el sistema escolar. Los objetivos del mismo fueron: Presentar y analizar los resultados más destacables obtenidos por los equipos de investigación pertenecientes al proyecto TICSE 2.0, así como de otros estudios similares en la comunidad iberoamericana. Debatir sobre los efectos de las políticas educativas sobre TIC en las prácticas específicas de centros y aulas escolares tanto en el contexto español como iberoamericano. Reflexionar sobre las tendencias de investigación futuras – tanto con relación a los problemas como metodologías de estudio – en torno a las políticas y prácticas educativas con TIC. Además, este Simposio es una de las acciones del proyecto de I+D titulado “Las políticas de un > en España. Visiones y prácticas del profesorado ante el Programa Escuela 2.0. Un análisis comparado entre Comunidades Autónomas” (TICSE 2.0) financiado por el Plan Nacional de I+D+i con el código EDU2010-17037. Asimismo, es continuación del I Simposio Internacional “Buenas Prácticas Educativas TIC”, celebrado en 2009 en Cáceres. El Simposio se celebró en la Isla de Tenerife los días 30 y 31 de octubre de 2013. Organizado por el grupo de investigación EDULLAB (Laboratorio de Nuevas Tecnologías) de la Universidad de La Laguna. Este Simposio cuenta con el apoyo y colaboración de REUNI+D (Red Universitaria de Investigación e Innovación Educativa), de la asociación RUTE (Red Universitaria de Tecnología Educaiva), del Dpto. de Didáctica e Investigación Educativa, y de la Facultad de Educación de la ULL. También ha recibido financiación del Vicerrectorado de Investigación y Transferencia de Conocimiento de la Universidad de La Laguna

Standardized incidence ratios and risk factors for cancer in patients with systemic sclerosis: Data from the Spanish Scleroderma Registry (RESCLE)

Aim: Patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) are at increased risk of cancer, a growing cause of non-SSc-related death among these patients. We analyzed the increased cancer risk among Spanish patients with SSc using standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) and identified independent cancer risk factors in this population. Material and methods: Spanish Scleroderma Registry data were analyzed to determine the demographic characteristics of patients with SSc, and logistic regression was used to identify cancer risk factors. SIRs with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) relative to the general Spanish population were calculated. Results: Of 1930 patients with SSc, 206 had cancer, most commonly breast, lung, hematological, and colorectal cancers. Patients with SSc had increased risks of overall cancer (SIR 1.48, 95% CI 1.36-1.60; P < 0.001), and of lung (SIR 2.22, 95% CI 1.77-2.73; P < 0.001), breast (SIR 1.31, 95% CI 1.10-1.54; P = 0.003), and hematological (SIR 2.03, 95% CI 1.52-2.62; P < 0.001) cancers. Cancer was associated with older age at SSc onset (odds ratio [OR] 1.22, 95% CI 1.01-1.03; P < 0.001), the presence of primary biliary cholangitis (OR 2.35, 95% CI 1.18-4.68; P = 0.015) and forced vital capacity <70% (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.24-2.70; P = 0.002). The presence of anticentromere antibodies lowered the risk of cancer (OR 0.66, 95% CI 0.45-0.97; P = 0.036). Conclusions: Spanish patients with SSc had an increased cancer risk compared with the general population. Some characteristics, including specific autoantibodies, may be related to this increased risk

Impact of interstitial lung disease on the survival of systemic sclerosis with pulmonary arterial hypertension

To assess severity markers and outcomes of patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) with or without pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH-SSc/non-PAH-SSc), and the impact of interstitial lung disease (ILD) on PAH-SSc. Non-PAH-SSc patients from the Spanish SSc registry and PAH-SSc patients from the Spanish PAH registry were included. A total of 364 PAH-SSc and 1589 non-PAH-SSc patients were included. PAH-SSc patients had worse NYHA-functional class (NYHA-FC), worse forced vital capacity (FVC) (81.2 ± 20.6% vs 93.6 ± 20.6%, P &lt; 0.001), worse tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) (17.4 ± 5.2 mm vs 19.9 ± 6.7 mm, P &lt; 0.001), higher incidence of pericardial effusion (30% vs 5.2%, P &lt; 0.001) and similar prevalence of ILD (41.8% vs. 44.9%). In individuals with PAH-SSc, ILD was associated with worse hemodynamics and pulmonary function tests (PFT). Up-front combination therapy was used in 59.8% and 61.7% of patients with and without ILD, respectively. Five-year transplant-free survival rate was 41.1% in PAH-SSc patients and 93.9% in non-PAH-SSc patients (P &lt; 0.001). Global survival of PAH-SSc patients was not affected by ILD regardless its severity. The multivariate survival analysis in PAH-SSc patients confirmed age at diagnosis, worse NYHA-FC, increased PVR, reduced DLCO, and lower management with up-front combination therapy as major risk factors. In conclusion, in PAH-SSc cohort risk of death was greatly increased by clinical, PFT, and hemodynamic factors, whereas it was decreased by up-front combination therapy. Concomitant ILD worsened hemodynamics and PFT in PAH-SSc but not survival regardless of FVC impairment

Impact of interstitial lung disease on the survival of systemic sclerosis with pulmonary arterial hypertension

To assess severity markers and outcomes of patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) with or without pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH-SSc/non-PAH-SSc), and the impact of interstitial lung disease (ILD) on PAH-SSc. Non-PAH-SSc patients from the Spanish SSc registry and PAH-SSc patients from the Spanish PAH registry were included. A total of 364 PAH-SSc and 1589 non-PAH-SSc patients were included. PAH-SSc patients had worse NYHA-functional class (NYHA-FC), worse forced vital capacity (FVC) (81.2 +/- 20.6% vs 93.6 +/- 20.6%, P < 0.001), worse tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) (17.4 +/- 5.2 mm vs 19.9 +/- 6.7 mm, P < 0.001), higher incidence of pericardial effusion (30% vs 5.2%, P < 0.001) and similar prevalence of ILD (41.8% vs. 44.9%). In individuals with PAH-SSc, ILD was associated with worse hemodynamics and pulmonary function tests (PFT). Up-front combination therapy was used in 59.8% and 61.7% of patients with and without ILD, respectively. Five-year transplant-free survival rate was 41.1% in PAH-SSc patients and 93.9% in non-PAH-SSc patients (P < 0.001). Global survival of PAH-SSc patients was not affected by ILD regardless its severity. The multivariate survival analysis in PAH-SSc patients confirmed age at diagnosis, worse NYHA-FC, increased PVR, reduced DLCO, and lower management with up-front combination therapy as major risk factors. In conclusion, in PAH-SSc cohort risk of death was greatly increased by clinical, PFT, and hemodynamic factors, whereas it was decreased by up-front combination therapy. Concomitant ILD worsened hemodynamics and PFT in PAH-SSc but not survival regardless of FVC impairment

INNOVASONORA: gestión de archivos sonoros, sonido inmersivo y realidad virtual en plataformas LMS

Memoria del proyecto de innovación docente "Innovasonora" (Curso 2021-2022

INNOVASONORA: desarrollo de recursos para la transmisión digital de los archivos sonoros y la aplicación de la realidad virtual como complemento de la enseñanza presencial

Memoria del proyecto de innovación docente nº 208 (curso 2020-2021

Effectiveness of an intervention for improving drug prescription in primary care patients with multimorbidity and polypharmacy:Study protocol of a cluster randomized clinical trial (Multi-PAP project)

This study was funded by the Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias ISCIII (Grant Numbers PI15/00276, PI15/00572, PI15/00996), REDISSEC (Project Numbers RD12/0001/0012, RD16/0001/0005), and the European Regional Development Fund ("A way to build Europe").Background: Multimorbidity is associated with negative effects both on people's health and on healthcare systems. A key problem linked to multimorbidity is polypharmacy, which in turn is associated with increased risk of partly preventable adverse effects, including mortality. The Ariadne principles describe a model of care based on a thorough assessment of diseases, treatments (and potential interactions), clinical status, context and preferences of patients with multimorbidity, with the aim of prioritizing and sharing realistic treatment goals that guide an individualized management. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a complex intervention that implements the Ariadne principles in a population of young-old patients with multimorbidity and polypharmacy. The intervention seeks to improve the appropriateness of prescribing in primary care (PC), as measured by the medication appropriateness index (MAI) score at 6 and 12months, as compared with usual care. Methods/Design: Design:pragmatic cluster randomized clinical trial. Unit of randomization: family physician (FP). Unit of analysis: patient. Scope: PC health centres in three autonomous communities: Aragon, Madrid, and Andalusia (Spain). Population: patients aged 65-74years with multimorbidity (≥3 chronic diseases) and polypharmacy (≥5 drugs prescribed in ≥3months). Sample size: n=400 (200 per study arm). Intervention: complex intervention based on the implementation of the Ariadne principles with two components: (1) FP training and (2) FP-patient interview. Outcomes: MAI score, health services use, quality of life (Euroqol 5D-5L), pharmacotherapy and adherence to treatment (Morisky-Green, Haynes-Sackett), and clinical and socio-demographic variables. Statistical analysis: primary outcome is the difference in MAI score between T0 and T1 and corresponding 95% confidence interval. Adjustment for confounding factors will be performed by multilevel analysis. All analyses will be carried out in accordance with the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: It is essential to provide evidence concerning interventions on PC patients with polypharmacy and multimorbidity, conducted in the context of routine clinical practice, and involving young-old patients with significant potential for preventing negative health outcomes. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02866799Publisher PDFPeer reviewe