Propuesta de intervención educativa sobre VIH/Sida para adolescentes de un consultorio médico

Introduction: although there has been progress in knowledge about HIV/AIDS, promoting adequate practices for its prevention in adolescents is a necessity.Objective: design a proposal for an educational intervention on HIV/AIDS for adolescents in a medical office.Method: a pedagogical study was carried out using the materialistic-dialectical method, in the medical office No-2 at Pedro Borrás Astorga University Polyclinic in the period from August to September 2019. The target group included 120 adolescents, 60 of them were chosen through simple random sampling¸ using different methods for the search and processing of information: theoretical, empirical and statistical (descriptive). An informed consent was obtained from the parents and tutors of the adolescents participating in the study.Results: 60% of the adolescents had insufficient knowledge concerning the general characteristics related to HIV/AIDS. A proposal for an educational intervention on HIV/AIDS was designed to enhance comprehensive training in adolescents through six topics through methodological guidelines.Conclusions: the proposal of an educational intervention on HIV/AIDS for adolescents from a medical office constitutes a way for comprehensive training and risk perception in adolescence. Its implementation favors the reduction of morbidity and mortality associated to this pandemic, as well as a solid aim related to knowledge for its adequate management, control and prevention.Introducción: si bien se ha adelantado en conocimientos sobre el VIH/Sida, promover prácticas adecuadas para su prevención en adolescentes constituye una necesidad.Objetivo: diseñar una propuesta de intervención educativa sobre VIH/Sida para adolescentes de un consultorio médico.Método: se realizó estudio de corte pedagógico rectorado por el método materialista- dialéctico en el consultorio médico 2 del Policlínico universitario “Pedro Borrás Astorga” en el período de agosto a septiembre del 2019. El universo fue de 120 adolescentes, siendo seleccionados 60 mediante muestreo aleatorio simple¸ empleándose diferentes métodos para la búsqueda y procesamiento de la información: teóricos, empíricos y estadístico (descriptiva). Se obtuvo el consentimiento de los tutores de aquellos adolescentes participantes en el estudio.Resultados: el 60 % de los adolescentes mostró insuficientes conocimientos sobre características generales relacionadas con el VIH/Sida. Se diseñó una propuesta de intervención educativa sobre VIH/Sida para potenciar la formación integral en adolescentes a través de seis temas con orientaciones metodológicas.Conclusiones: la propuesta de intervención educativa sobre VIH/Sida para adolescentes de un consultorio médico constituye una vía para la formación integral y percepción de riesgo en la adolescencia. Su implementación favorece la reducción de la morbimortalidad asociada a dicha pandemia, así como un sólido argumento en los conocimientos para su adecuado manejo, control y prevención

Vigilancia y lucha antivectorial contra arbovirosis en una institución del nivel primario de atención

Introduction: arboviruses are viral diseases transmitted by mosquitoes with a high hygienic and sanitary impact, requiring adequate surveillance and vector control.Objective: to characterize the surveillance and anti-vector control of arboviruses in a primary health care institution.Methods: an observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out at Pedro Borras Astorga University Polyclinic in the city of Pinar del Río during the period April-August 2019. The variables included: vector infestation index, suspicion of arboviruses, human resources involved, results of surveillance and vector control, as well as educational activities on arboviruses. The results were presented in statistical tables and graphs, and comparisons were made with other studies reviewed in relation to this topic.Results: the highest rate of infestation was found in August (0,7), 98,9 % of the patients were suspected of having dengue fever and 56,8 % of the human resources were students involved in the anti vector control activity. A total of 33 288 patients were treated and 1 378 patients with symptoms of arboviruses were identified. The face-to-face technique prevailed (23 590) as an educational activity on arboviruses.Conclusions: low infestation indicators, efficient human resources in its control, satisfactory results in terms of the actions performed, as well as the development of educational activities on arboviruses were found. These characteristics showed the sustainability and entomological efficacy achieved in the institution, with repercussions on greater quality of life and protection of social and community health.Introducción: las arbovirosis son enfermedades virales transmitidas por mosquitos de elevado impacto higiénico-sanitario, requiriéndose de una adecuada vigilancia y lucha antivectorial.Objetivo: caracterizar la vigilancia y lucha antivectorial contra arbovirosis en una institución del nivel primario de atención.Método: se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal en el Policlínico Universitario "Pedro Borrás Astorga" de la ciudad Pinar del Río, durante el período abril- agosto del 2019. Las variables empleadas fueron: índice de infestación vectorial, sospecha de arbovirosis, recursos humanos participantes, resultados de vigilancia y lucha antivectorial, así como actividades educativas sobre arbovirosis. Los resultados fueron presentados en gráficos y tablas estadísticas realizándose comparaciones con otros estudios consultados al respecto.Resultados: el índice de infestación más alto se encontró en el mes de agosto (0,7), en el 98,9 % de los pacientes se sospechó presencia de dengue. Predominó la presencia de recursos humanos estudiantes (56,8 %) en la actividad de lucha antivectorial. Fueron tratados 33 288 pacientes y se identificó 1378 enfermos con sintomatología para arbovirosis. Predominó la técnica cara a cara (23 590) como actividad educativa sobre arbovirosis.Conclusiones: se encontraron indicadores de infestación bajos, recursos humanos eficientes en su control, resultados satisfactorios ante acciones desempeñadas, así como desarrollo de actividades educativas frente a las arbovirosis. Dichas características evidenciaron la sostenibilidad y eficacia entomológica alcanzadas en la institución, repercutiendo en mayor calidad de vida y protección a la salud socio comunitaria

Palynological age constraint of Les Vilelles unit, Catalan Coastal Chain, Spain

Les Vilelles unit is a detrital sequence exposed at the southwestern margin of the Catalan Coastal Chain (CCC), NE Spain, below the Carboniferous turbiditic series. Based on the palynological content, the age of this unit was initially assigned to the Middle-Late Devonian (Eifelian to Famennian). Additional radiolarian and conodont findings were considered to be Early–Middle Mississippian (Tournaisian to early Visean). To clarify this age discrepancy a new and more comprehensive palynostratigraphic analysis has been conducted in the upper part of the section representative of Les Vilelles unit. This has provided an assemblage of miospores, acritarchs, prasinophyta phycomata and chitinozoans that can be confidently assigned to a latest Frasnian interval, in contact with the Frasnian–Famennian boundary. Therefore, the present analysis refines the Middle–Late Devonian age formerly assigned, establishes a latest Frasnian age for the top of the unit, and provides new insights to the better understanding of the unconformity and hiatus separating the pre-Carboniferous and Carboniferous CCC series in the Priorat Massif. The study also includes a systematic section with the description of three newly established miospore species: Dibolisporites coniugatum, Dibolisporites prioratum and Rugospora spinosa.This research was funded by the CICYT (Spain) Research Project CGL2011-30011, the Research Group THARSIS RNM 198-PAI (Junta de Andalucía) and the Consolidated Research Group SGR444 (Generalitat de Catalunya

Clastic dykes of the Filón Norte open pit (Tharsis). Interpretation related with the uppermost Devonian crisis of the Iberian Pyrite Belt basin

Basic rocks from the Filón Norte open pit (Tharsis, Iberian Pyrite Belt) are hydrothermally altered and crosscutted by a stockwork which is composed by carbonate filled veins and clastic dikes. Both, dykes and veins, show carbnonate selvages. Clastic dykes include black shale, basic rock and siliceous fragments that exhibit angular to lobulate shape and grain size up to 40 cm in diameter. Palynomorphs recovered from black shales of the clastic dykes give an uppermost Devonian age (LN Biozone). Dykes and veins belong to a fracture system representing the escape pathways of fluids trapped within the footwall muddy sediments when the basic sill was intruded. Black shale sedimentation, emplacement of the basic sills, fracturation and carbonate alteration, and filling of veins and dykes constitute a succession of nearly coeval events, all of them related with the uppermost Devonian crisis of the South Iberian Basin

Geoquímica de metales traza en piritas de depósitos VMS de la Faja Pirítica Ibérica

Depto. de Mineralogía y PetrologíaFac. de Ciencias GeológicasTRUEpu

A hierarchical asymptotic homogenization approach for viscoelastic composites

Effective properties of non-aging linear viscoelastic and hierarchical composites are investigated via a three-scale asymptotic homogenization method. In this approach, we consider the assumption of a generalized periodicity in the different structural levels and their characterization through the so-called stratified functions. The expressions for the associated local and homogenized problems, and the effective coefficients are derived at each level of organization by using the correspondence principle and the Laplace-Carson transform. Considering isotropic components and a perfect contact at the interfaces between the constituents, analytical solutions, in the Laplace-Carson space, are found for the local problems and the effective coefficients are computed. An interconversion procedure between the effective relaxation modulus and the effective creep compliance is carried out for obtaining information about both viscoelastic properties. The numerical inversion to the original temporal space is also performed. Finally, we exploit the potential of the approach and study the overall properties of a hierarchical viscoelastic composite structure representing the dermis

Adjuvant interferon gamma in patients with pulmonary atypical Mycobacteriosis: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>High antibiotic resistance is described in atypical Mycobacteriosis, mainly by <it>Mycobacterium avium </it>complex (MAC).</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was carried out in two hospitals to evaluate the effect of interferon (IFN) gamma as immunoadjuvant to chemotherapy on patients with atypical mycobacteria lung disease. Patients received placebo or 1 × 10⁶IU recombinant human IFN gamma intramuscularly, daily for one month and then three times per week up to 6 months as adjuvant to daily oral azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, ethambutol and rifampin. Sputum samples collection for direct smear observation and culture as well as clinical and thorax radiography assessments were done during treatment and one year after. Cytokines and oxidative stress determinations were carried out in peripheral blood before and after treatment.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Eighteen patients were included in the IFN group and 14 received placebo. Groups were homogeneous at entry; average age was 60 years, 75% men, 84% white; MAC infection prevailed (94%). At the end of treatment, 72% of patients treated with IFN gamma were evaluated as complete responders, but only 36% in the placebo group. The difference was maintained during follow-up. A more rapid complete response was obtained in the IFN group (5 months before), with a significantly earlier improvement in respiratory symptoms and pulmonary lesions reduction. Disease-related deaths were 35.7% of the patients in the placebo group and only 11.1% in the IFN group. Three patients in the IFN group normalized their globular sedimentation rate values. Although differences in bacteriology were not significant during the treatment period, some patients in the placebo group converted again to positive during follow-up. Significant increments in serum TGF-beta and advanced oxidation protein products were observed in the placebo group but not among IFN receiving patients. Treatments were well tolerated. Flu-like symptoms predominated in the IFN gamma group. No severe events were recorded.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>These data suggest that IFN gamma is useful and well tolerated as adjuvant therapy in patients with pulmonary atypical Mycobacteriosis, predominantly MAC. Further wider clinical trials are encouraged.</p> <p>Trial registration</p> <p>Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN70900209.</p

Treatment with tocilizumab or corticosteroids for COVID-19 patients with hyperinflammatory state: a multicentre cohort study (SAM-COVID-19)

Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the association between tocilizumab or corticosteroids and the risk of intubation or death in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) with a hyperinflammatory state according to clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods: A cohort study was performed in 60 Spanish hospitals including 778 patients with COVID-19 and clinical and laboratory data indicative of a hyperinflammatory state. Treatment was mainly with tocilizumab, an intermediate-high dose of corticosteroids (IHDC), a pulse dose of corticosteroids (PDC), combination therapy, or no treatment. Primary outcome was intubation or death; follow-up was 21 days. Propensity score-adjusted estimations using Cox regression (logistic regression if needed) were calculated. Propensity scores were used as confounders, matching variables and for the inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs). Results: In all, 88, 117, 78 and 151 patients treated with tocilizumab, IHDC, PDC, and combination therapy, respectively, were compared with 344 untreated patients. The primary endpoint occurred in 10 (11.4%), 27 (23.1%), 12 (15.4%), 40 (25.6%) and 69 (21.1%), respectively. The IPTW-based hazard ratios (odds ratio for combination therapy) for the primary endpoint were 0.32 (95%CI 0.22-0.47; p < 0.001) for tocilizumab, 0.82 (0.71-1.30; p 0.82) for IHDC, 0.61 (0.43-0.86; p 0.006) for PDC, and 1.17 (0.86-1.58; p 0.30) for combination therapy. Other applications of the propensity score provided similar results, but were not significant for PDC. Tocilizumab was also associated with lower hazard of death alone in IPTW analysis (0.07; 0.02-0.17; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Tocilizumab might be useful in COVID-19 patients with a hyperinflammatory state and should be prioritized for randomized trials in this situatio

Gestión del conocimiento. Perspectiva multidisciplinaria. Volumen 8

El libro “Gestión del Conocimiento. Perspectiva Multidisciplinaria”, volumen 8, de la Colección Unión Global, es resultado de investigaciones. Los capítulos del libro, son resultados de investigaciones desarrolladas por sus autores. El libro es una publicación internacional, seriada, continua, arbitrada de acceso abierto a todas las áreas del conocimiento, que cuenta con el esfuerzo de investigadores de varios países del mundo, orientada a contribuir con procesos de gestión del conocimiento científico, tecnológico y humanístico que consoliden la transformación del conocimiento en diferentes escenarios, tanto organizacionales como universitarios, para el desarrollo de habilidades cognitivas del quehacer diario. La gestión del conocimiento es un camino para consolidar una plataforma en las empresas públicas o privadas, entidades educativas, organizaciones no gubernamentales, ya sea generando políticas para todas las jerarquías o un modelo de gestión para la administración, donde es fundamental articular el conocimiento, los trabajadores, directivos, el espacio de trabajo, hacia la creación de ambientes propicios para el desarrollo integral de las instituciones