Collaborative system for data labeling

Trabajo de Fin de Grado en Ingeniería Informática, Departamento de Sistemas Informáticos y Computación, Facultad de Informatica UCM, Curso 2021/2022. Todos los recursos del proyecto están disponibles en el siguiente enlace: https://github.com/AdriSC/tfgActualmente, al utilizar técnicas de aprendizaje automático es necesario pasar por una etapa de etiquetado manual de datos para entrenar al software. Este proceso de etiquetado puede resultar muy tedioso y ocupar una gran cantidad de tiempo porque en muchas ocasiones debe realizarse de manera manual. Este proyecto consiste en implementar un sistema colaborativo para etiquetar datos de forma más eficiente y fiable. La estrategia que hemos decidido para desarrollar este sistema es implementar un servicio de CAPTCHA. Este tipo de servicios suele funcionar presentando un reto que normalmente consiste en seleccionar los elementos dentro de un conjunto de datos que cumplen una condición determinada, por lo que las respuestas que envían los usuarios que realizan estos retos pueden servir para clasificar esos elementos que han seleccionado. Sin darse cuenta, los usuarios a los que el reto haya verificado como reales, están realizando un proceso de etiquetado de datos.Currently, when using machine learning techniques, it is necessary to go through a stage of manual data labeling to train the software. This data labeling process can be very tedious and take a lot of time because often it is done manually. This project consists of implementing a collaborative system to label data more efficiently and reliably. The strategy we have decided to develop this system is to implement a CAPTCHA service. This type of service usually works by presenting a challenge that generally consists of selecting the elements within a set of data that meet a certain condition, so the answers sent by users who perform these challenges can be used to classify those elements they have selected. Without being aware, users who have been verified as real by the challenge are performing a data labeling process.Depto. de Sistemas Informáticos y ComputaciónFac. de InformáticaTRUEunpu

Genetically predicted telomere length and Alzheimer’s disease endophenotypes: a Mendelian randomization study

Telomere length (TL) is associated with biological aging, consequently influencing the risk of age-related diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). We aimed to evaluate the potential causal role of TL in AD endophenotypes (i.e., cognitive performance, N = 2233; brain age and AD-related signatures, N = 1134; and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers (CSF) of AD and neurodegeneration, N = 304) through a Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. Our analysis was conducted in the context of the ALFA (ALzheimer and FAmilies) study, a population of cognitively healthy individuals at risk of AD. A total of 20 single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with TL were used to determine the effect of TL on AD endophenotypes. Analyses were adjusted by age, sex, and years of education. Stratified analyses by APOE-epsilon 4 status and polygenic risk score of AD were conducted. MR analysis revealed significant associations between genetically predicted longer TL and lower levels of CSF A beta and higher levels of CSF NfL only in APOE-epsilon 4 non-carriers. Moreover, inheriting longer TL was associated with greater cortical thickness in age and AD-related brain signatures and lower levels of CSF p-tau among individuals at a high genetic predisposition to AD. Further observational analyses are warranted to better understand these associations

Treatment with tocilizumab or corticosteroids for COVID-19 patients with hyperinflammatory state: a multicentre cohort study (SAM-COVID-19)

Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the association between tocilizumab or corticosteroids and the risk of intubation or death in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) with a hyperinflammatory state according to clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods: A cohort study was performed in 60 Spanish hospitals including 778 patients with COVID-19 and clinical and laboratory data indicative of a hyperinflammatory state. Treatment was mainly with tocilizumab, an intermediate-high dose of corticosteroids (IHDC), a pulse dose of corticosteroids (PDC), combination therapy, or no treatment. Primary outcome was intubation or death; follow-up was 21 days. Propensity score-adjusted estimations using Cox regression (logistic regression if needed) were calculated. Propensity scores were used as confounders, matching variables and for the inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs). Results: In all, 88, 117, 78 and 151 patients treated with tocilizumab, IHDC, PDC, and combination therapy, respectively, were compared with 344 untreated patients. The primary endpoint occurred in 10 (11.4%), 27 (23.1%), 12 (15.4%), 40 (25.6%) and 69 (21.1%), respectively. The IPTW-based hazard ratios (odds ratio for combination therapy) for the primary endpoint were 0.32 (95%CI 0.22-0.47; p < 0.001) for tocilizumab, 0.82 (0.71-1.30; p 0.82) for IHDC, 0.61 (0.43-0.86; p 0.006) for PDC, and 1.17 (0.86-1.58; p 0.30) for combination therapy. Other applications of the propensity score provided similar results, but were not significant for PDC. Tocilizumab was also associated with lower hazard of death alone in IPTW analysis (0.07; 0.02-0.17; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Tocilizumab might be useful in COVID-19 patients with a hyperinflammatory state and should be prioritized for randomized trials in this situatio

All-cause mortality in the cohorts of the Spanish AIDS Research Network (RIS) compared with the general population: 1997Ł2010

Abstract Background: Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) has produced significant changes in mortality of HIVinfected persons. Our objective was to estimate mortality rates, standardized mortality ratios and excess mortality rates of cohorts of the AIDS Research Network (RIS) (CoRIS-MD and CoRIS) compared to the general population. Methods: We analysed data of CoRIS-MD and CoRIS cohorts from 1997 to 2010. We calculated: (i) all-cause mortality rates, (ii) standardized mortality ratio (SMR) and (iii) excess mortality rates for both cohort for 100 personyears (py) of follow-up, comparing all-cause mortality with that of the general population of similar age and gender. Results: Between 1997 and 2010, 8,214 HIV positive subjects were included, 2,453 (29.9%) in CoRIS-MD and 5,761 (70.1%) in CoRIS and 294 deaths were registered. All-cause mortality rate was 1.02 (95% CI 0.91-1.15) per 100 py, SMR was 6.8 (95% CI 5.9-7.9) and excess mortality rate was 0.8 (95% CI 0.7-0.9) per 100 py. Mortality was higher in patients with AIDS, hepatitis C virus (HCV) co-infection, and those from CoRIS-MD cohort (1997. Conclusion: Mortality among HIV-positive persons remains higher than that of the general population of similar age and sex, with significant differences depending on the history of AIDS or HCV coinfection

Mortality risk and complications relating to interhospital transfers of patients with acute coronary syndrome receiving primary coronary angioplasty performed by the Medical Emergency Service of Madrid 112: a group comparison study

The performance of a primary percutaneous coronary intervention is the practice recommendation with the highest level of evidence for the treatment of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). If this intervention cannot be performed at the hospital where the patient is admitted, the patient must be transferred to a hospital with a haemodynamic laboratory. This can lead to a decreased availability of a mobile intensive care unit (MICU), contributing towards a lower survival rate of critical patients due to a delay in treatment administration. The aim of this study was to describe the risk of mortality, the complications, and the impact of interhospital transfer (IHT) in patients diagnosed with an ACS. Methods: A prospective observational study was performed comparing two patient groups: patients diagnosed with ST-segment elevation (STEMI) and patients diagnosed with non-ST-segment elevation. The variables collected included sex, age, cardiovascular risk factors, and any complications arising during IHT. Prior to being transported, the Risk Score for Transport Patients (RSTP) was used, together with the Rapid Emergency Medicine Score (REMS). The latter scale was repeated upon arrival at the accepting medical facility. Results: The study included 104 patients, of whom 67 were men (64.42%). Of these, 52.88% were diagnosed with STEMI. Patients with ACS presented an intermediate risk of mortality and the need for transfer to a MICU was indicated. The incidence of complications registered during transfers was 16.35%. Conclusions: The use of scales such as the REMS and the RSTP are helpful for obtaining a more objective risk profile, suited to the real needs of patients diagnosed with an ACS.Sin financiación0.202 JCR (2017) Q4, 25/26 Emergency medicineUE

Expo Frato 2008! Reflexionem amb en Frato

Per ampliar el tema podeu consultar http://www.educared.org.ar/guiadeletras/archivos/tonucci_francesco/index.htm http://www.ub.edu/dll/Documents/WEB%20TEXTS%20DEBATE%20INDEX/La_Calaiera_19/19_Frato_40anys.pdf http://www.grao.com/libros/ficha.asp?ID=634EXPO FRATO 2008. Reflexionem amb en Frato és un projecte que neix arran de la publicació del llibre Frato: 40 anys amb ulls d'infant de Francesco Tonucci el setembre del 2007 per l'editorial Graó. L'obra és un recull de vinyetes del conegut pedagog italià que, mitjançant el pseudònim de Frato, ens convida a reflexionar, meditar i repensar l'educació des de diferents vessants. L'activitat pensada per treballar el contingut de vint-i-vuit vinyetes seleccionades del llibre s'adreça als estudiants de 3r de magisteri de l'especialitat d'educació infantil en l'assignatura de Didàctica de la llengua i la literatura del curs 2007-2008. L'activitat consisteix, en primer lloc, en pensar un títol que sintetitzi el significat de la imatge i, a continuació, respondre el contingut de la vinyeta amb una creació artística personal, acompanyada d'un altre títol i una explicació escrita del contingut en cinc línies. Després, el treball s'ha de mostrar i exposar oralment a classe juntament amb la resta de companys. L'objectiu de l'activitat és activar el pensament crític davant d'una imatge, expressar-la mitjançant una altra imatge i compartir-ho oralment amb grup. El contingut del material recull la fase final del projecte, és a dir, l'exposició feta a l'aula

Expo Frato 2008! Reflexionem amb en Frato

Per ampliar el tema podeu consultar http://www.educared.org.ar/guiadeletras/archivos/tonucci_francesco/index.htm http://www.ub.edu/dll/Documents/WEB%20TEXTS%20DEBATE%20INDEX/La_Calaiera_19/19_Frato_40anys.pdf http://www.grao.com/libros/ficha.asp?ID=634EXPO FRATO 2008. Reflexionem amb en Frato és un projecte que neix arran de la publicació del llibre Frato: 40 anys amb ulls d'infant de Francesco Tonucci el setembre del 2007 per l'editorial Graó. L'obra és un recull de vinyetes del conegut pedagog italià que, mitjançant el pseudònim de Frato, ens convida a reflexionar, meditar i repensar l'educació des de diferents vessants. L'activitat pensada per treballar el contingut de vint-i-vuit vinyetes seleccionades del llibre s'adreça als estudiants de 3r de magisteri de l'especialitat d'educació infantil en l'assignatura de Didàctica de la llengua i la literatura del curs 2007-2008. L'activitat consisteix, en primer lloc, en pensar un títol que sintetitzi el significat de la imatge i, a continuació, respondre el contingut de la vinyeta amb una creació artística personal, acompanyada d'un altre títol i una explicació escrita del contingut en cinc línies. Després, el treball s'ha de mostrar i exposar oralment a classe juntament amb la resta de companys. L'objectiu de l'activitat és activar el pensament crític davant d'una imatge, expressar-la mitjançant una altra imatge i compartir-ho oralment amb grup. El contingut del material recull la fase final del projecte, és a dir, l'exposició feta a l'aula

Expo Frato 2008! Reflexionem amb en Frato

Per ampliar el tema podeu consultar http://www.educared.org.ar/guiadeletras/archivos/tonucci_francesco/index.htm http://www.ub.edu/dll/Documents/WEB%20TEXTS%20DEBATE%20INDEX/La_Calaiera_19/19_Frato_40anys.pdf http://www.grao.com/libros/ficha.asp?ID=634EXPO FRATO 2008. Reflexionem amb en Frato és un projecte que neix arran de la publicació del llibre Frato: 40 anys amb ulls d'infant de Francesco Tonucci el setembre del 2007 per l'editorial Graó. L'obra és un recull de vinyetes del conegut pedagog italià que, mitjançant el pseudònim de Frato, ens convida a reflexionar, meditar i repensar l'educació des de diferents vessants. L'activitat pensada per treballar el contingut de vint-i-vuit vinyetes seleccionades del llibre s'adreça als estudiants de 3r de magisteri de l'especialitat d'educació infantil en l'assignatura de Didàctica de la llengua i la literatura del curs 2007-2008. L'activitat consisteix, en primer lloc, en pensar un títol que sintetitzi el significat de la imatge i, a continuació, respondre el contingut de la vinyeta amb una creació artística personal, acompanyada d'un altre títol i una explicació escrita del contingut en cinc línies. Després, el treball s'ha de mostrar i exposar oralment a classe juntament amb la resta de companys. L'objectiu de l'activitat és activar el pensament crític davant d'una imatge, expressar-la mitjançant una altra imatge i compartir-ho oralment amb grup. El contingut del material recull la fase final del projecte, és a dir, l'exposició feta a l'aula

Dietary intake of vitamin C and gastric cancer: a pooled analysis within the Stomach cancer Pooling (StoP) Project.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies suggest that dietary vitamin C is inversely associated with gastric cancer (GC), but most of them did not consider intake of fruit and vegetables. Thus, we aimed to evaluate this association within the Stomach cancer Pooling (StoP) Project, a consortium of epidemiological studies on GC. METHODS: Fourteen case-control studies were included in the analysis (5362 cases, 11,497 controls). We estimated odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between dietary intake of vitamin C and GC, adjusted for relevant confounders and for intake of fruit and vegetables. The dose-response relationship was evaluated using mixed-effects logistic models with second-order fractional polynomials. RESULTS: Individuals in the highest quartile of dietary vitamin C intake had reduced odds of GC compared with those in the lowest quartile (OR: 0.64; 95% CI: 0.58, 0.72). Additional adjustment for fruit and vegetables intake led to an OR of 0.85 (95% CI: 0.73, 0.98). A significant inverse association was observed for noncardia GC, as well as for both intestinal and diffuse types of the disease. The results of the dose-response analysis showed decreasing ORs of GC up to 150-200&nbsp;mg/day of vitamin C (OR: 0.54; 95% CI: 0.41, 0.71), whereas ORs for higher intakes were close to 1.0. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of our pooled study suggest that vitamin C is inversely associated with GC, with a potentially beneficial effect also for intakes above the currently recommended daily intake (90&nbsp;mg for men and 75&nbsp;mg for women)