Brain IGF-I regulates hippocampal neurogenesis, synaptic plasticity, and sexual dimorphic behaviour

Comunicación presentada a SSii 2022 Spanish Symposium on IGFs and Insulin 2022: Implications in Physiology and DiseaseInsulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) exerts multiple actions, regulating body growth, cell proliferation, adult neurogenesis, neuronal and glial differentiation, synaptic plasticity and behaviour, among other processes. Both circulating and locally synthesized IGF-I are active, although the role of IGF-I from different sources is poorly understood. We previously found that brain IGF-I plays a major role in promoting the correct generation, migration and maturation of neurons from neural stem cells during postnatal adult hippocampal neurogenesis (Nieto-Estévez et al., 2016), although electrophysiological or behavioural phenotypes were not investigated in that study. Here we show that the lack of brain IGF-I almost completely abrogates hippocampal LTP, as well as altering sex-dependent behaviour and causing major changes in the hippocampal proteome. We suggest that the disruptions to the hippocampal proteome of conditional knockout Igf-I mice may partially underlie the changes observed in synaptic plasticity and behaviour

Declaración de Chinchón: decálogo sobre eldulcorantes sin y bajos en calorías (ESBC)

Multidisciplinary experts in the areas of nutrition and health met in Chinchón, Madrid, on November 25-26, 2013 under the auspices of the Fundación para la Investigación Nutricional (Nutrition Research Foundation) and with the collaboration of the Madrid Regional Government’s Health Ministry, the International Sweeteners Association and the Carlos III Health Institute CIBER of Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition. They analyzed the current status of scientific knowledge on low- and no-calorie sweeteners (LNCS) and developed a consensus Decalogue on their use; this constitutes the Chinchón Declaration. Sweeteners, including sugar, represent a subject of undeniable interest and are currently a popular topic, although areas relating to their safety and benefits remain unknown to segments of academia and the general public. The nature of LNCS makes them vulnerable to biased and even contradictory information. They are food additives that are broadly used as sugar substitutes to sweeten foods, medicines and food supplements when non-nutritional or non-caloric alternatives are needed. The Chinchón Decalogue is the outcome of a meeting for reflection and consensus by a group of experts with backgrounds in different scientific disciplines (toxicology, clinical nutrition, community nutrition, physiology, food science, public health, pediatrics, endocrinology and nutrition, nursing, pharmaceutical care and food legislation). The Decalogue includes different aspects of LNCS related to regulation, use, benefits and safety. In general, benefits of LNCS have been traditionally neglected in comparison with the tendency for emphasising unexisting or unproven possible risks. The need to strengthen research on LNCS in Spain was emphasized, as well as the need to educate both professionals and the publicExpertos de carácter multidisciplinar de las áreas de conocimiento de la nutrición y la salud reunidos en Chinchón, Madrid, los días 25 y 26 de noviembre de 2013 , bajo los auspicios de la Fundación para la Investigación Nutricional y con la colaboración de la Consejería de Sanidad del Gobierno de la Comunidad de Madrid, la International Sweeteners Association y el CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición del Instituto de Salud Carlos III, analizaron el estado actual del conocimiento científico en torno a los Edulcorantes sin y bajos en calorías (ESBC) y desarrollaron un Decálogo sobre su uso que constituye la Declaración de Chinchón. Los edulcorantes, incluido el azúcar, constituyen un elemento de indudable interés y actualidad, aunque no exento de desconocimiento por algunos sectores tanto académicos como de la población en general. La propia naturaleza de los ESBC los hace susceptibles de informaciones tergiversadas e incluso contradictorias. Son aditivos alimentarios ampliamente utilizados como sustitutivos del azúcar para endulzar alimentos, medicamentos y complementos alimenticios cuando se persiguen fines no nutritivos. El Decálogo de Chinchón es fruto de una reunión de reflexión y consenso por parte de un grupo de expertos procedentes de distintas disciplinas científicas (toxicología, nutrición clínica, nutrición comunitaria, fisiología, bromatología, salud pública, atención primaria, pediatría, endocrinología y nutrición, enfermería, atención farmacéutica y legislación alimentaria). El decálogo incluye diferentes aspectos de los EBSC relacionados con la legislación, uso, beneficios y seguridad. En general, los beneficios de los EBSC han sido tradicionalmente desatendidos en comparación con la tendencia de destacar posibles riesgos inexistentes o que no han sido probados. Hace especial hincapié en la necesidad de fortalecer la investigación de los EBSC en España, así como la necesidad de formar en este ámbito a los profesionales y a los consumidores en genera

Healthcare workers hospitalized due to COVID-19 have no higher risk of death than general population. Data from the Spanish SEMI-COVID-19 Registry

Aim To determine whether healthcare workers (HCW) hospitalized in Spain due to COVID-19 have a worse prognosis than non-healthcare workers (NHCW). Methods Observational cohort study based on the SEMI-COVID-19 Registry, a nationwide registry that collects sociodemographic, clinical, laboratory, and treatment data on patients hospitalised with COVID-19 in Spain. Patients aged 20-65 years were selected. A multivariate logistic regression model was performed to identify factors associated with mortality. Results As of 22 May 2020, 4393 patients were included, of whom 419 (9.5%) were HCW. Median (interquartile range) age of HCW was 52 (15) years and 62.4% were women. Prevalence of comorbidities and severe radiological findings upon admission were less frequent in HCW. There were no difference in need of respiratory support and admission to intensive care unit, but occurrence of sepsis and in-hospital mortality was lower in HCW (1.7% vs. 3.9%; p = 0.024 and 0.7% vs. 4.8%; p<0.001 respectively). Age, male sex and comorbidity, were independently associated with higher in-hospital mortality and healthcare working with lower mortality (OR 0.211, 95%CI 0.067-0.667, p = 0.008). 30-days survival was higher in HCW (0.968 vs. 0.851 p<0.001). Conclusions Hospitalized COVID-19 HCW had fewer comorbidities and a better prognosis than NHCW. Our results suggest that professional exposure to COVID-19 in HCW does not carry more clinical severity nor mortality

Examining the immune signatures of SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnancy and the impact on neurodevelopment: Protocol of the SIGNATURE longitudinal study

The COVID-19 pandemic represents a valuable opportunity to carry out cohort studies that allow us to advance our knowledge on pathophysiological mechanisms of neuropsychiatric diseases. One of these opportunities is the study of the relationships between inflammation, brain development and an increased risk of suffering neuropsychiatric disorders. Based on the hypothesis that neuroinflammation during early stages of life is associated with neurodevelopmental disorders and confers a greater risk of developing neuropsychiatric disorders, we propose a cohort study of SARS-CoV-2-infected pregnant women and their newborns. The main objective of SIGNATURE project is to explore how the presence of prenatal SARS-CoV-2 infection and other non-infectious stressors generates an abnormal inflammatory activity in the newborn. The cohort of women during the COVID-19 pandemic will be psychological and biological monitored during their pregnancy, delivery, childbirth and postpartum. The biological information of the umbilical cord (foetus blood) and peripheral blood from the mother will be obtained after childbirth. These samples and the clinical characterisation of the cohort of mothers and newborns, are tremendously valuable at this time. This is a protocol report and no analyses have been conducted yet, being currently at, our study is in the recruitment process step. At the time of this publication, we have identified 1,060 SARS-CoV-2 infected mothers and all have already given birth. From the total of identified mothers, we have recruited 537 SARS-COV-2 infected women and all of them have completed the mental health assessment during pregnancy. We have collected biological samples from 119 mothers and babies. Additionally, we have recruited 390 non-infected pregnant women.This work has received support from the Fundación Alicia Koplowitz to realize the epigenetic wide association study and to the clinical assessment to the children. This work has also received public support from the Consejería de Salud y Familias para la financiación de la investigación, desarrollo e innovación (i + d + i) biomédica y en ciencias de la salud en Andalucía (CSyF 2021 - FEDER). Grant Grant number PECOVID- 0195-2020. Convocatoria financiada con Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) al 80% dentro del Programa Operativo de Andalucía FEDER 2014-2020. Andalucía se mueve con Europa. NG-T received payment under Rio Hortega contract CM20-00015 with the Carlos III Health Institute.Peer reviewe

Evaluation of appendicitis risk prediction models in adults with suspected appendicitis

Background Appendicitis is the most common general surgical emergency worldwide, but its diagnosis remains challenging. The aim of this study was to determine whether existing risk prediction models can reliably identify patients presenting to hospital in the UK with acute right iliac fossa (RIF) pain who are at low risk of appendicitis. Methods A systematic search was completed to identify all existing appendicitis risk prediction models. Models were validated using UK data from an international prospective cohort study that captured consecutive patients aged 16–45 years presenting to hospital with acute RIF in March to June 2017. The main outcome was best achievable model specificity (proportion of patients who did not have appendicitis correctly classified as low risk) whilst maintaining a failure rate below 5 per cent (proportion of patients identified as low risk who actually had appendicitis). Results Some 5345 patients across 154 UK hospitals were identified, of which two‐thirds (3613 of 5345, 67·6 per cent) were women. Women were more than twice as likely to undergo surgery with removal of a histologically normal appendix (272 of 964, 28·2 per cent) than men (120 of 993, 12·1 per cent) (relative risk 2·33, 95 per cent c.i. 1·92 to 2·84; P < 0·001). Of 15 validated risk prediction models, the Adult Appendicitis Score performed best (cut‐off score 8 or less, specificity 63·1 per cent, failure rate 3·7 per cent). The Appendicitis Inflammatory Response Score performed best for men (cut‐off score 2 or less, specificity 24·7 per cent, failure rate 2·4 per cent). Conclusion Women in the UK had a disproportionate risk of admission without surgical intervention and had high rates of normal appendicectomy. Risk prediction models to support shared decision‐making by identifying adults in the UK at low risk of appendicitis were identified

No Pasaron: Arqueología de la Batalla de Madrid (8-23 de Noviembre de 1936)

Editors: Amalia Pérez-Juez Gil and Jorge Morín de Pablos.Este proyecto se financia fundamentalmente a través de una escuela de trabajo del Institute for Field Research y de vol-untarios británicos. Agradecemos a los estudiantes y voluntarios tanto su aportación económica como su entusiasmo por el proyecto. Otras fuentes de financiación han sido aportadas por la Universidad de Nottingham (gracias a las gestiones de Gareth Stokey), la Universidad del País Vasco (GPAC) y el proyecto NEARCH: New Scenarios for a Community Oriented Archaeology, de la Unión Europea

Dynamics of an Infectious Keratoconjunctivitis Outbreak by Mycoplasma conjunctivae on Pyrenean Chamois Rupicapra p. pyrenaica

Between 2006 and 2008, an outbreak of Infectious Keratoconjunctivitis (IKC) affected Pyrenean chamois Rupicapra p. pyrenaica, an endemic subspecies of mountain ungulate that lives in the Pyrenees. The study focused on 14 mountain massifs (180,000 ha) where the species’ population is stable. Cases of IKC were detected in ten of the massifs and, in five of them, mortality was substantial. The outbreak spread quickly from the first location detected, with two peaks in mortality that affected one (2007) and three (2008) massifs. In the latter, the peak was seasonal (spring to autumn) and, in the former, the outbreak persisted through winter. To identify the outbreak’s aetiology, we examined 105 Pyrenean chamois clinically affected with IKC. TaqMan rt-PCR identified Mycoplasma conjunctivae in 93 (88.5%) of the chamois. Another rt-PCR detected Chlamydophila spp. in 14 of chamois, and 12 of those had mixed infections with mycoplasmas. In the period 2000–2007, the chamois population increased slightly (λ 1.026) but decreased significantly during the IKC outbreak (λ 0.8, 2007–2008; λ 0.85, 2008–2009) before increasing significantly after the outbreak (λ 1.1, 2009–2010). Sex-biased mortality shifted the adult sex ratio toward males (from 0.6 to 0.7 males per female) and reduced productivity slightly. Hunting was practically banned in the massifs where chamois experienced significant mortality and allowed again after the outbreak ended. Long-term monitoring of wild populations provides a basis for understanding the impacts of disease outbreaks and improves management decisions, particularly when species are subject to extractive exploitation

Anchuelo. Propuestas bioclimáticas en el espacio público

Anchuelo. Propuestas bioclimáticas en el espacio público. Publicación digital de los trabajos elaborados por los estudiantes del curso 2021/22 de la asignatura La Ciudad y el Medio de la Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura de Madrid de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. Muestra una serie de propuestas elaboradas en la asignatura para mejorar bioclimáticamente diferentes espacios públicos municipales en el marco del acuerdo realizado entre el Departamento de Urbanística y Ordenación del Territorio y el Excmo. Ayuntamiento de Anchuelo (Madrid)

Anales de Edafología y Fisiología Vegetal Tomo 13

Variaciones de los límites de Atterberg en materiales arcillosos de estructura laminar, en función del catión de saturación, por Angel Hoyos de Castro y Mercedes García Muñoz.--Estudio mineralógico y tecnológico de un grupo de tierras de moldeo, por Antonio García Verduch y Manuel Muñoz Taboadela.--Determinación de los iones oxalato por colorimetría indirecta y su aplicación a la determinación de pequeñas cantidades de calcio, por F. Burriel-Martí, J. Ramirez-Muñoz y E. Femández-Caldas.--Acerca de los suelos tropicales, por Paul Schaufclberger.--El diagnóstico de la situación mineral de los cultivos, por M. l. Candela y W. A. Forster.--Caracterización y propiedades de una vermiculita de Badajoz, por F. González, Fca. Tristán de Chaves y M. Chaves.--Estudio mineralógico de algunas rocas sedimentarias, por José García Vicente y Mª del Carmen Sánchez Calvo.--Contribución al conocimiento de los tardígrados de España. Estudio sistemático-ecológico, por F. Mihelcic.--Los minerales de la arcilla : su identificación y relaciones con la Ciencia del Suelo, por Robert C. Mackenzie.--Estudio mineralógico y técnico de algunas tierras de moldeo españolas. I. Identificación mineralógica de la fracción aglomerante, por Vicente Aleixandre Ferrandis, Jaime Robndo Olave y Julia Mª González Peña.--Geofogía de Valencia. l. El Terciario de La Cañada, por P. J. J. Alonso Pasma! y B. García Rodrigo.--Determinación cuantitativa de los aminoácidos por cromatografía ascendente sobre papel, por R. Díaz Cadavieco.--AIteraciones de la superficie de bentonitas homoiónicas por tratamiento térmico. l. Capacidad de cambio y rehidratación, por Angel Hoyos y Julio RodriguezAlteraciones de la superficie de bentonitas homoiónicas por tratamiento térmico. ll. Imbibición, por Angel Hoyos y Julio Rodríguez.--Sobre el análisis espectrográfico en la determinación simultánea de los cationes de cambio en suelos. l. por F. Burriel Martí, S. Jimenez Gómez y C. Alvarez Herrero.--Análisis foliar. l. Aplicación del análisis químico de la hoja y del método de diagnosis visual a la investigación de deficiencia, minerales en relación con los suelos de cultivo, por R. Dios Vidal y J. Mª Albareda Herrera.--Estudio de las formas de fósforo presentes en una serie de suelos, por V. Hernando y M. Losada.--Determinación de yeso en suelos, por J. M. Albareda, V. Hernando y G. Bilbao.--Estudio mineralógico y técnico de algunas tierras de moldeo españolas. II. Estudio de la resistencia a la compresión en verde; por Vicente Aleixandre y Jaime Robredo.--Los arenales costeros de Galicia. I. La ría de Lage por Isidro Parga-Pondal y Josefina Pérez Mateos.--Sobre el método de la Paleoedafología, por W. L. Kübiena.--Contribución al estudio de las reacciones en estado sólido entre el ortosilicato de circonio y el óxido de calcio, por D. A. Estrada.--Análisis foliar. II. El concepto de diagnosis foliar aplicado al control bioquímico de la nutrición de maíz y patatas en una edad fisiológica determinada, por R. Dios Vidal y J. Mª Albareda Herrara.--Influencia de los azúcares en el cultivo in vitro de raíces aisladas de berenjena, por María Bausá Alcalde.--Identificación en el microscopio electrónico de algunas arcillas y caolines españoles, por Vicente Aleixaudre Ferrandis y Julia Mª González Peña.--La península de Anaga y estudio de algunos arenales del litoral de Tenerife (Islas Canarias), por Josefina Pérez Mateos y Manel Martel Sangil.--Clave para la clasificación de los tipos de suelos tropicales, por P. Schaufelberger.--Paralización de la podredumbre del tubérculo de patata durante su período de germinación, por Román Vicente.-- Nota sobre la aditividad de algunas propiedades en mezclas de caolín y bentonita, por Angel Hoyos de Castro y Julio Rodríguez Martínez.--Estudio del pH en suelos de distintas características, por Valentín Hernando y Pilar Sanchez-Conde.--Sobre la determinación espectrofotométrica de fósforo con amidol, por F. Capitán García y F. Martínez Alvarez.--Propiedades termodinámicas del cambio iónico, por E. Gutiérrez Rios y l. Cano Ruiz.--Influencia de la vegetación en la composición del humus. Suelos bajo Quercus ilex y bajo Pinus pinea. El Pardo (Madrid), por José Mª Albareda, Narcisa Martín Retortillo y Mariano Claver.-- Experiencias con fetilizantes en suelos gallegos. l. Acción combinada de los fertilizantes orgánicos y minerales sobre la producción · y el contenido de "proteína en maíces híbridos, por Ramón Dios, Benito Sánchez yMaría Ameijeiras.--Determinación del B. en el suelo por vía espectroquímica, por A. Rodríguez Pérez.--Electroforesis sobre papel de filtro. por R. Díaz CadaviecoPeer reviewe

Discovering HIV related information by means of association rules and machine learning

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is still one of the main health problems worldwide. It is therefore essential to keep making progress in improving the prognosis and quality of life of affected patients. One way to advance along this pathway is to uncover connections between other disorders associated with HIV/AIDS-so that they can be anticipated and possibly mitigated. We propose to achieve this by using Association Rules (ARs). They allow us to represent the dependencies between a number of diseases and other specific diseases. However, classical techniques systematically generate every AR meeting some minimal conditions on data frequency, hence generating a vast amount of uninteresting ARs, which need to be filtered out. The lack of manually annotated ARs has favored unsupervised filtering, even though they produce limited results. In this paper, we propose a semi-supervised system, able to identify relevant ARs among HIV-related diseases with a minimal amount of annotated training data. Our system has been able to extract a good number of relationships between HIV-related diseases that have been previously detected in the literature but are scattered and are often little known. Furthermore, a number of plausible new relationships have shown up which deserve further investigation by qualified medical experts