Love and affectionate touch toward romantic partners all over the world

Touch is the primary way people communicate intimacy in romantic relationships, and affectionate touch behaviors such as stroking, hugging and kissing are universally observed in partnerships all over the world. Here, we explored the association of love and affectionate touch behaviors in romantic partnerships in two studies comprising 7880 participants. In the first study, we used a cross-cultural survey conducted in 37 countries to test whether love was universally associated with affectionate touch behaviors. In the second study, using a more fine-tuned touch behavior scale, we tested whether the frequency of affectionate touch behaviors was related to love in romantic partnerships. As hypothesized, love was significantly and positively associated with affectionate touch behaviors in both studies and this result was replicated regardless of the inclusion of potentially relevant factors as controls. Altogether, our data strongly suggest that affectionate touch is a relatively stable characteristic of human romantic relationships that is robustly and reliably related to the degree of reported love between partners.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Reasons for facebook usage: Data from 46 countries

Seventy-nine percent of internet users use Facebook, and on average they access Facebook eight times a day (Greenwood et al., 2016). To put these numbers into perspective, according to Clement (2019), around 30% of the world\u2019s population uses this Online Social Network (OSN) site. Despite the constantly growing body of academic research on Facebook (Chou et al., 2009; Back et al., 2010; Kaplan and Haenlein, 2010; McAndrew and Jeong, 2012; Wilson et al., 2012; Krasnova et al., 2017), there remains limited research regarding the motivation behind Facebook use across different cultures. Our main goal was to collect data from a large cross-cultural sample of Facebook users to examine the roles of sex, age, and, most importantly, cultural differences underlying Facebook use

Affective interpersonal touch in close relationships: a cross-cultural perspective

Interpersonal touch behavior differs across cultures, yet no study to date has systematically tested for cultural variation in affective touch, nor examined the factors that might account for this variability. Here, over 14,000 individuals from 45 countries were asked whether they embraced, stroked, kissed, or hugged their partner, friends, and youngest child during the week preceding the study. We then examined a range of hypothesized individual-level factors (sex, age, parasitic history, conservatism, religiosity, and preferred interpersonal distance) and cultural-level factors (regional temperature, parasite stress, regional conservatism, collectivism, and religiosity) in predicting these affective-touching behaviors. Our results indicate that affective touch was most prevalent in relationships with partners and children, and its diversity was relatively higher in warmer, less conservative, and religious countries, and among younger, female, and liberal people. This research allows for a broad and integrated view of the bases of cross-cultural variability in affective touch

Sex differences in mate preferences across 45 countries: A large-scale replication

Considerable research has examined human mate preferences across cultures, finding universal sex differences in preferences for attractiveness and resources as well as sources of systematic cultural variation. Two competing perspectives—an evolutionary psychological perspective and a biosocial role perspective—offer alternative explanations for these findings. However, the original data on which each perspective relies are decades old, and the literature is fraught with conflicting methods, analyses, results, and conclusions. Using a new 45-country sample (N = 14,399), we attempted to replicate classic studies and test both the evolutionary and biosocial role perspectives. Support for universal sex differences in preferences remains robust: Men, more than women, prefer attractive, young mates, and women, more than men, prefer older mates with financial prospects. Cross-culturally, both sexes have mates closer to their own ages as gender equality increases. Beyond age of partner, neither pathogen prevalence nor gender equality robustly predicted sex differences or preferences across countries

Evaluación del impacto ambiental de una planta de lácteos en Costa Rica

La Gestión Ambiental (GA), como paradigma funcional de los procesos de control y sostenibilidad de actividades planificadas, incorpora la Evaluación de Impacto Ambiental (EIA) como estrategia de análisis para garantizar una ejecución ambientalmente racional y sostenible de acciones en diferentes ámbitos. La industria de lácteos figura como un sobresaliente generador de Impactos Ambientales (IAs), los cuales requieren ser analizados como medida de contingencia para la protección del ambiente. En el presente estudio se desarrolló la identificación, valoración y priorización de aspectos ambientales (AAs) e impactos ambientales (IAs) de una planta de lácteos. La identificación de los AAs se realizó mediante vistas de campo, entrevistas a funcionarios de la planta, sesiones de análisis con autoridades de la empresa, aplicación de lista de verificación, análisis del proceso productivo, entrevistas con expertos en el tema y revisión bibliográfica relacionada. La evaluación, valoración y priorización de los AAs e IAs se realizó mediante la aplicación de la Matriz de Importancia de Impacto Ambiental (MIIA), utilizando criterios de campo recopilados durante el proceso de identificación de los aspectos ambientales. Se identificaron nueve AAs y cuatro IAs; siendo el AA denominado consumo de agua el más crítico para el ambiente, producto del alto consumo y consecuente agotamiento del recurso hídrico. Los tres principales IAs de carácter negativo al ambiente encontrados fueron: consumo de agua, abastecimiento externo de energía eléctrica y emisiones de olores; con valores de impacto ambiental de -87, -65 y -52, respectivamenteThe Environmental Management (EM), as a functional paradigm of the processes of control and sustainability of planned activities, incorporates the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) as an analysis strategy to guarantee an environmentally and sustainable execution of actions in different fields. The dairy industry is listed as an outstanding generator of Environmental Impacts (EIs), which need to be analyzed as a contingency measure for environmental protection. In the present study, the identification, assessment and prioritization of environmental aspects (EAs) and environmental impacts (EIs) of a dairy plant was developed. The identification of the AAs was carried out through field views, interviews with plant officials, analysis sessions with company authorities, application of a checklist, analysis of the production process, interviews with experts in the subject and related bibliographic review. The evaluation, valuation and prioritization of AAs and IAs was carried out through the application of the Environmental Impact Importance Matrix (MIIA), using field criteria compiled during the process of identifying environmental aspects. Nine AAs and four IAs were identified; being the AA called water consumption the most critical for the environment, due to high consumption and consequent depletion of the water resource. The three main AAs of a negative nature to the environment were: water consumption, external power supply and odor emissions; with environmental impact values of -87, -65 and -52, respectively

Evaluación del impacto ambiental de una planta de lácteos en Costa Rica

The Environmental Management (EM), as a functional paradigm of the processes of control and sustainability of planned activities, incorporates the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) as an analysis strategy to guarantee an environmentally and sustainable execution of actions in different fields. The dairy industry is listed as an outstanding generator of Environmental Impacts (EIs), which need to be analyzed as a contingency measure for environmental protection. In the present study, the identification, assessment and prioritization of environmental aspects (EAs) and environmental impacts (EIs) of a dairy plant was developed. The identification of the AAs was carried out through field views, interviews with plant officials, analysis sessions with company authorities, application of a checklist, analysis of the production process, interviews with experts in the subject and related bibliographic review. The evaluation, valuation and prioritization of AAs and IAs was carried out through the application of the Environmental Impact Importance Matrix (MIIA), using field criteria compiled during the process of identifying environmental aspects. Nine AAs and four IAs were identified; being the AA called water consumption the most critical for the environment, due to high consumption and consequent depletion of the water resource. The three main AAs of a negative nature to the environment were: water consumption, external power supply and odor emissions; with environmental impact values ​​of -87, -65 and -52, respectively.La Gestión Ambiental (GA), como paradigma funcional de los procesos de control y sostenibilidad de actividades planificadas, incorpora la Evaluación de Impacto Ambiental (EIA) como estrategia de análisis para garantizar una ejecución ambientalmente racional y sostenible de acciones en diferentes ámbitos. La industria de lácteos figura como un sobresaliente generador de Impactos Ambientales (IAs), los cuales requieren ser analizados como medida de contingencia para la protección del ambiente. En el presente estudio se desarrolló la identificación, valoración y priorización de aspectos ambientales (AAs) e impactos ambientales (IAs) de una planta de lácteos. La identificación de los AAs se realizó mediante vistas de campo, entrevistas a funcionarios de la planta, sesiones de análisis con autoridades de la empresa, aplicación de lista de verificación, análisis del proceso productivo, entrevistas con expertos en el tema y revisión bibliográfica relacionada. La evaluación, valoración y priorización de los AAs e IAs se realizó mediante la aplicación de la Matriz de Importancia de Impacto Ambiental (MIIA), utilizando criterios de campo recopilados durante el proceso de identificación de los aspectos ambientales. Se identificaron nueve AAs y cuatro IAs; siendo el AA denominado consumo de agua el más crítico para el ambiente, producto del alto consumo y consecuente agotamiento del recurso hídrico. Los tres principales IAs de carácter negativo al ambiente encontrados fueron: consumo de agua, abastecimiento externo de energía eléctrica y emisiones de olores; con valores de impacto ambiental de -87, -65 y -52, respectivamente

Prevalencia de lateralidad y lenguaje receptivo en niños de 5 y 6 años del municipio de Corregidora Querétaro, México

Introducción: La lateralidad es la preferencia del uso de una mitad del cuerpo sobre la otra, y toma en cuenta la dominancia de mano, ojo, oído y pie. Una lateralidad definida refiere la correcta comunicación entre los hemisferios cerebrales; la falta de consolidación de afirmación de la misma, se relaciona con trastornos en el aprendizaje del lenguaje y la lectoescritura. El test de Harris identifica la lateralidad en los niños y permite crear estrategias didácticas para lograr una afirmación en el niño, mientras que el test de Peabody da a conocer el nivel de lenguaje receptivo a partir de los 2 años. Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de lateralidad y lenguaje receptivo en niños de 5 y 6 años. Método: Estudio cuantitativo, transversal, descriptivo y observacional, realizado en niños de preescolar y primaria del municipio de Corregidora, Querétaro, México. A 229 estudiantes se les aplicó el Test de Harris y Peabody. Resultados: Mediante estadística descriptiva, se obtuvo que el 52% son preescolares, y el 48% de primero de primaria, siendo 53.3% niños y 46.7% niñas. Donde el 95.6% tiene lateralidad mal afirmada, mientras un 4.4% fueron diestros, además no hubo estudiantes con lateralidad cruzada o zurdos. El nivel de lenguaje receptivo en preescolares fue de alto a muy alto en un 56.1% de la población, mientras que los niveles de bajo a muy bajo solo fue el 43.8%, mientras que en primaria el lenguaje receptivo mostró que el 66.6% de los estudiantes tienen niveles de alto a muy alto y solo un 32.4% de bajo a moderadamente bajo. Conclusión: Se muestra una falta de consolidación de la lateralidad debido a que un alto porcentaje de estudiantes manifiesta lateralidad mal afirmada, mientras que el lenguaje receptivo se adquiere adecuadamente con respecto a la edad.   Introduction: Laterality is the preference of using one half of the body over the other, and takes into account the dominance of hand, eye, ear and foot. A defined laterality refers to the correct communication between the brain hemispheres; the lack of consolidation of affirmation of itself, is related to disorders in language learning and literacy skills. The Harris test identifies laterality in children and allows them to create teaching strategies to achieve an affirmation in the child, while the Peabody test shows the level of receptive language from the age of 2. Objective: To determine the prevalence of laterality and receptive language in 5 and 6 year old children. Method: Quantitative, transversal, descriptive and observational study, carried out with kindergarten and elementary children of the municipality of Corregidora, Querétaro, México. The Harris and Peabody tests were applied to 229 students. Results: Through descriptive statistics, 52% were preschoolers, and 48% were from first grade, 53.3% are boys and 46.7% girls. The 95.6% has poorly stated laterality, and 4.4% were right-handed, besides there weren’t students with cross-laterality or left-handedness. The level of receptive language in preschoolers was from high to higher in 56.1% of the population, while low to lower levels were only 43.8%, while in elementary the receptive language showed that 66.6% of students have levels from high to higher and only 32.4% from low to moderately low level. Conclusion: A lack of laterality consolidation is shown because a high percentage of students demonstrate poorly asserted laterality, while receptive language is properly acquired within the age

Sex Differences in Mate Preferences Across 45 Countries: A Large-Scale Replication

Considerable research has examined human mate preferences across cultures, finding universal sex differences in preferences for attractiveness and resources as well as sources of systematic cultural variation. Two competing perspectives—an evolutionary psychological perspective and a biosocial role perspective—offer alternative explanations for these findings. However, the original data on which each perspective relies are decades old, and the literature is fraught with conflicting methods, analyses, results, and conclusions. Using a new 45-country sample (N = 14,399), we attempted to replicate classic studies and test both the evolutionary and biosocial role perspectives. Support for universal sex differences in preferences remains robust: Men, more than women, prefer attractive, young mates, and women, more than men, prefer older mates with financial prospects. Cross-culturally, both sexes have mates closer to their own ages as gender equality increases. Beyond age of partner, neither pathogen prevalence nor gender equality robustly predicted sex differences or preferences across countries

Modernization, collectivism, and gender equality predict love experiences in 45 countries

Abstract Recent cross-cultural and neuro-hormonal investigations have suggested that love is a near universal phenomenon that has a biological background. Therefore, the remaining important question is not whether love exists worldwide but which cultural, social, or environmental factors influence experiences and expressions of love. In the present study, we explored whether countries’ modernization indexes are related to love experiences measured by three subscales (passion, intimacy, commitment) of the Triangular Love Scale. Analyzing data from 9474 individuals from 45 countries, we tested for relationships with country-level predictors, namely, modernization proxies (i.e., Human Development Index, World Modernization Index, Gender Inequality Index), collectivism, and average annual temperatures. We found that mean levels of love (especially intimacy) were higher in countries with higher modernization proxies, collectivism, and average annual temperatures. In conclusion, our results grant some support to the hypothesis that modernization processes might influence love experiences

Universality of the triangular theory of love: Adaptation and psychometric properties of the triangular love scale in 25 countries

The Triangular Theory of Love (measured with Sternberg\u27s Triangular Love Scale - STLS) is a prominent theoretical concept in empirical research on love. To expand the culturally homogeneous body of previous psychometric research regarding the STLS, we conducted a large-scale cross-cultural study with the use of this scale. In total, we examined more than 11,000 respondents, but as a result of applied exclusion criteria, the final analyses were based on a sample of 7332 participants from 25 countries (from all inhabited continents). We tested configural invariance, metric invariance, and scalar invariance, all of which confirmed the cultural universality of the theoretical construct of love analyzed in our study. We also observed that levels of love components differ depending on relationship duration, following the dynamics suggested in the Triangular Theory of Love. Supplementary files with all our data, including results on love intensity across different countries along with STLS versions adapted in a few dozen languages, will further enable more extensive research on the Triangular Theory of Love