Aplicación de monitoreo de condiciones para el diagnóstico de fallas de motor y transmisión en cargadores 966H mediante uso de Machine Learning

El propósito de esta tesis es resolver el problema relacionado a la reducción de los costos de mantenimiento que necesitan las empresas, como es el caso de monitoreo de condiciones usando nuevas tecnologías a un costo accesible. Esto nos lleva a proponer una forma de aplicación en el monitoreo de condiciones basados en elementos de desgaste de las piezas en el aceite, para mejorar el diagnóstico de fallas en el motor y la transmisión en cargadores 966 Caterpillar, usando machine learning, por ello, se justifica desarrollar una metodología para determinar una predicción de alertas de fallas, usando una técnica estadística llamada Árbol de Clasificación, la cual es una técnica no supervisada de machine learning. Se desarrollo por método científico, con estudios cuantitativos, de nivel no experimental, longitudinal tipo panel, usando una base de datos entre los años 2015 al 2019. Con esta data esta aplicación de monitoreo de condiciones usando machine learning, puede aplicarse a diferentes variables más allá del análisis de aceite. Los límites condenatorios permiten explicar mejor la relación que tienen los elementos de desgaste de las piezas en el aceite con las alertas para un mejor diagnóstico de fallas. Este proceso se puede sistematizar en un programa de diagnóstico, usando un algoritmo predeterminado (entrenado) para futuras alertas, reduciendo así, la cantidad de personas que puedan monitorear. El uso de esta técnica estadística permite desarrollar acciones de ponderación en la toma de decisiones de forma escalable, como es el caso de los cinco elementos de recolección de datos: inspecciones, data electrónica, información histórica, condiciones de sitio, análisis de fluidos, sin embargo, debido a un tema académico solo se consideró el último como ejemplo para la aplicación en el monitoreo.Tesi

Lissocarpa bracki (Ebenaceae) una nueva especie del Perú

Se describe e ilustra a Lissocarpa bracki (Ebenaceae),una nueva especie proveniente de las Áreas Naturales Protegidas por el Estado Peruano: Parque Nacional Cordillera Azul y Parque Nacional Yanachaga Chemillén.Se caracteriza por las ramitas teretes,no anguladas,lóbulos de cáliz,truncados y diminutamente carinado-apiculados en la parte media,tubo de la corola en la base con 8 escamas laminares oblongas, detrás de los estambres, diminutas, 0,3-0,4 por 0,15 mm, diminutamente glandulosas hacia el ápice y frutos oblongoides 2,5-3,4 por 1,5-1,8,cm. Adicionalmente se acompañan ilustraciones,fotografías,se discuten sus relaciones con la especie afín,e incluyen datos sobre su distribución geográfica y ecología,fenología, y su estado actual.También se incluye una clave para identificar las especies de Lissocarpa que ocurren en el Perú

Aplicación del ciclo Deming para incrementar la productividad de la empresa pesquera GÉNESIS E.I.R.L, 2019

La presente investigación titulada “Aplicación del ciclo Deming para incrementar la productividad la empresa pesquera GÉNESIS E.I.R.L, 2019”, tuvo como principal objetivo demostrar que la metodología del ciclo de Deming incrementa la productividad de la empresa pesquera GÉNESIS E.I.R.L. 2019, la investigación se enmarcó en el enfoque cuantitativo, asimismo fue pre-experimental, conformándose una muestra donde se consideró a la totalidad de productos obtenidos en el proceso de Envasado correspondiente al período setiembre – octubre del año 2019 de la mencionada empresa; en el inicio de las fases para la aplicación de la propuesta se diagnosticó que la eficiencia económica tuvo un cierre en los meses trabajados con un 52%; la eficiencia de materia prima, se ha obtenido niveles regulares; la productividad de mano de obra, se obtuvieron también cifras regulares y sostenidas; una vez desarrollado el diagnóstico se aplicaron las estrategias basadas en la metodología, donde se aplicó el estudio de métodos de trabajo, en donde se identificaron de 14 actividades, de las cuales se obtuvo un tiempo estándar promedio de 1081.08 segundos; una vez aplicada la propuesta, los resultados arrojaron que, de acuerdo a los estados de la productividad antes y después de la aplicación de la propuesta, en la eficiencia económica, se logró un índice promedio de 62%, en eficiencia de materia prima, se alcanzó una cifra promedio de 70%, en los índices de productividad, se logró obtener un promedio del 88% anual. Por tanto, con la aplicación de la prueba T, donde se obtuvo un nivel de significancia bilateral de 0.000, por tanto, al ser menor al 0.05 (5%), se acepta la hipótesis de la investigación

Foot and mouth disease and brucellosis serological survey in mixed herds of camelids and sheep in the highlands of Apolobamba eco-region, La Paz - Bolivia

El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar niveles serológicos de anticuerpos contra fiebre aftosa y brucelosis en rebaños mixtos de alpacas y ovejas en cuatro comunidades de la ecorregión serranía en el Área Natural de Manejo Integrado Nacional Apolobamba, La Paz - Bolivia, colindante con Perú. Se colectaron 99 muestras de sangre de alpacas y 42 de ovinos de ambos sexos y edad diversa. Las muestras se procesaron mediante la prueba de inmunodifusión en gel agar para detectar anticuerpos VIA contra el virus de la fiebre aftosa y las pruebas de Aglutinación Rápida en Placa (prueba tamiz) y ELISA de competición (c-ELISA) (prueba confirmativa) para la detección de anticuerpos contra cepas lisas de Brucella sp. No se detectó anticuerpos contra fiebre aftosa o brucelosis.The objective of the present study was to determine serological levels of antibodies against foot and mouth disease (FMD) and brucellosis in mixed herds of alpacas and sheep in four communities of the highland ecorregion of the Apolobamba Protected Area (National Integrated Management Natural Area - ANMIN), La Paz - Bolivia, bordering with Peru. Blood samples of 99 alpacas and 42 sheep of different sex and ages were collected. Plasma samples were tested for the detection of VIA antibodies against FMD virus using the agar gel immunodiffusion test (AGID-VIA) and for the detection of antibodies against smooth strains of Brucella spp. using a plate agglutination test as screening and a competitive ELISA (c-ELISA) as a confirmatory test. The results of the study showed no seropositive reactors for FMD or brucellosis

Biodiversidad florística de la cuenca baja del río Reque

To measure the biodiversity of flora in the lower basin of the Reque river, 8 perpendicular transects were traced at distances of 10 x 250 m on each side of the Reque river bed from 20 to 30 October 2020. In them, flora species were identified; The number of specimens per species and transect were recorded in a Microsoft 2013 Excel spreadsheet, saved with the csv extension delimited by commas. The Species Diversity and Richtnes and PAST software were used to determine Alpha and Beta Biodiversity Indices. It was concluded that the most abundant plant families were Fabaceae with species of Prosopis sp (algarrobo); Acacia huarango (huarango), Crotolaria incana; Cajanus cajan (stick beans) and Inga Fewelei (guava) and Saccharum officinarum (sugarcane Distichlis spicata (salty grass), Zea mays (corn) and Sorghun halepensis (sorghum) of the Poaceae family. The Shannon-Wiener index varied from 1,956 in the D transects to 3,437 in the H transects with an average value of 3,271. The Pielou equity index ranged from 0.4427 in the C transect to 0.7777 in the H transect. The Q statistic ranged from 3.474 to 22,38. The Beta Biodiversity indices were: Whittaker Bw Index 1,594; Cody Bc Index = 43.5; Routledge Br Index = 0.3256 and Wilson & Schmida Index = 1.359. The determined indices reached values that allow considering this area has a high floristic biodiversity.Para medir la biodiversidad de flora en la cuenca baja del río Reque se trazaron 8 transectos perpendiculares en distancias de 10 x 250 m a cada lado del cauce del rio Reque desde 20 hasta 30 de octubre de 2020. En ellos se identificaron especies de flora; el número de especímenes por especie y transecto fueron registrados en una hoja de cálculo Excel del Microsoft 2013, guardados con la extensión csv delimitados por comas, Se utilizaron los softwares Species Diversity and Richtnes y PAST para determinar Índices de Biodiversidad Alfa y Beta. Se concluyó que las familias de plantas más abundantes fueron Fabaceae con especies de Prosopis sp (algarrobo); Acacia huarango (huarango), Crotolaria incana; Cajanus cajan (frejol de palo) e Inga Fewelei (guaba) y Saccharum officinarum (caña de azúcar) Distichlis spicata (grama salada), Zea mays (maíz) y Sorghun halepensis (sorgo) de la familia Poaceae. El índice de Shannon-Wiener vario desde 1,956 en el transectos D hasta 3,437 en el transectos H con un valor promedio de 3,271. El índice de equidad de Pielou varió desde 0,4427 en el transecto C hasta 0,7777 en el transecto H. El estadístico Q varió desde 3,474 hasta 22,38. Los índices de Biodiversidad Beta fueron: Índice de Whittaker Bw 1,594; Índice de Cody Bc = 43.5; Índice de Routledge Br= 0,3256 e Índice de Wilson & Schmida = 1,359. Los índices determinados alcanzaron valores que permiten considerar a esta zona como de alta biodiversidad florística

El perfil del docente investigador: hacia sus dimensiones y su fortalecimiento

The study has been carried out with the double objective: to determine the dimensions of the profile of the research teacher and to select the procedures to strengthen the referred profile. The profile of the research professor has become a vast and complex universe, controversial, even adverse in several aspects, in which universe many questions are posed, leaving no objective, clear, precise, and convincing answers. In this context, the profile of the research teacher has been studied: its dimensions and procedures to strengthen them. It is concluded that the profile of the research teacher presents the following dimensions: pedagogical, professional academic, emotional intelligence, ethics, publication, permanence and visibility. In addition, it is strengthened through the guidance of the expert investigator, state legislation, investigative training, and attendance at research events.Se ha realizado el estudio con el doble objetivo: determinar las dimensiones del perfil del docente investigador y seleccionar los procedimientos para fortalecer el perfil referido. El perfil del docente investigador se ha constituido en un universo total vasto y complejo, polémico, incluso adverso en varios aspectos, en cuyo universo se plantean muchas preguntas quedando sin respuestas objetivas, clara, precisas, convincentes. En este contexto, se ha trabajado el perfil del docente investigador: sus dimensiones y procedimientos para fortalecerlos. Se concluye que el perfil del docente investigador presenta las siguientes dimensiones: pedagógica, académico profesional, inteligencia emocional, ético, publicación, permanencia y visibilidad. Además, se fortalece mediante la orientación del investigador experto, la legislación de los estados, la formación investigativa, la asistencia a eventos de investigación

Nivel de inmunoglobulinas, incidencia de mastitis y fertilidad de vacas lecheras hipocuprémicas suplementadas con cobre

La mastitis es una enfermedad global que afecta la productividad de la vaca lechera. La prevalencia de esta enfermedad está determinada en gran medida por la inmunodepresión que ocurre durante el  periodo  de transición.  La  suplementación  con  cobre  estimula  el  sistema  inmunológico.  Esta investigación  tuvo  como objetivo  determinar  el  efecto  de  la  suplementación  de  cobre  en  vacas Siboney sobre los niveles de inmunoglobulinas, el riesgo de incidencia de la mastitis y la fertilidad. El cobre fue determinado en suero sanguíneo mediante absorción atómica. El diagnóstico de mastitis fue efectuado a través de la  prueba de California. Las inmunoglobulinas fueron determinadas por espectrofotometría empleando un método turbidimétrico. La administración de una solución (SUPER- CU-CIMAGT_2014) en dosis de 2ml conteniendo 50 mg de sulfato de cobre, vía subcutánea, en vacas hipocuprémicas a los ocho meses de gestación y 30 días posterior al parto, permitió aumentar la tasa de inmunoglobulinas, restituyó los valores de cobre en el suero sanguíneo, disminuyó significativamente (p<0.05) el riesgo de contraer mastitis posterior al parto y mejoró la fertilidad del rebaño. Palabras clave: micro nutriente, inflamación, glándula mamaria, fertilidad La mastiti

Effect of Ultrasonic-Assisted Blanching on Size Variation, Heat Transfer, and Quality Parameters of Mushrooms

The main aim of this work was to assess the influence of the application of power ultrasound during blanching of mushrooms (60 90 °C) on the shrinkage, heat transfer, and quality parameters. Kinetics of mushroom shrinkage was modeled and coupled to a heat transfer model for conventional (CB) and ultrasonic-assisted blanching (UB). Cooking value and the integrated residual enzymatic activity were obtained through predicted temperatures and related to the hardness and color variations of mushrooms, respectively. The application of ultrasound led to an increase of shrinkage and heat transfer rates, being this increase more intense at low process temperatures. Consequently, processing time was decreased (30.7 46.0 %) and a reduction in hardness (25.2 40.8 %) and lightness (13.8 16.8 %) losses were obtained. The best retention of hardness was obtained by the UB at 60 °C, while to maintain the lightness it was the CB and UB at 90 °C. For enhancing both quality parameters simultaneously, a combined treatment (CT), which consisted of a CB 0.5 min at 90 °C and then an UB 19.9min at 60 °C, was designed. In this manner, compared with the conventional treatment at 60 °C, reductions of 39.1, 27.2, and 65.5 % for the process time, hardness and lightness losses were achieved, respectively. These results suggest that the CT could be considered as an interesting alternative to CB in order to reduce the processing time and improve the overall quality of blanched mushrooms.The authors acknowledge the financial support of Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas and Universidad Nacional de La Plata from Argentina, Erasmus Mundus Action 2-Strand 1 and EuroTango II Researcher Training Program and Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (SPAIN) and the FEDER (project DPI2012-37466-CO3-03).Lespinard, A.; Bon Corbín, J.; Cárcel Carrión, JA.; Benedito Fort, JJ.; Mascheroni, RH. (2015). 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A., Quintero-Ramos, A., Barnard, J., Balandrán-Quintana, R. R., Talamás-Abbud, R., & Jiménez-Castro, J. (2007). Effect of ultrasound on the mass transfer and physical changes in brine bell pepper at different temperatures. Journal of Food Engineering, 81, 374–379.Gallego-Juárez, J. A., Riera, E., De la Fuente, S., Rodríguez-Corral, G., Acosta-Aparicio, V. M., & Blanco, A. (2007). Application of high-power ultrasound for dehydration of vegetables: processes and devices. Drying Technology, 25, 1893–1901.Gamboa-Santos, J., Montilla, A., Soria, A. C., & Villamiel, M. (2012). Effects of conventional and ultrasound blanching on enzyme inactivation and carbohydrate content of carrots. European Food Research and Technology, 234, 1071–1079.García-Pérez, J. V., Cárcel, J. A., De la Fuente, S., & Riera, E. (2006). Ultrasonic drying of foodstuff in a fluidized bed. Parametric study. Ultrasonics, 44, 539–543.García-Pérez, J. V., Cárcel, J. A., Riera, E., Rosselló, C., & Mulet, A. (2012). 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Comparison of conventional and ultrasound assisted extraction techniques of yellow tea and bioactive composition of obtained extracts. Food and Bioprocess Technology, 5, 2858–2870.Jambrak, A. R., Mason, T. J., Paniwnyk, L., & Lelas, V. (2007a). Ultrasonic effect on pH, electric conductivity, and tissue surface of button mushrooms, brussels sprouts and cauliflower. Czech Journal of Food Science, 25, 90–99.Jambrak, A. R., Mason, T. J., Paniwnyk, L., & Lelas, V. (2007b). Accelerated drying of button mushrooms, Brussels sprouts and cauliflower by applying power ultrasound and its rehydration properties. Journal of Food Engineering, 81, 88–97.Jasinski, E. M., Stemberger, B., Walsh, R., & Kilara, A. (1984). Ultra structural studies of raw and processed tissue of the major cultivated mushroom, Agaricus bisporus. Food Microstructure, 3, 191–196.Jolivet, S., Arpin, N., Wicher, H. J., & Pellon, G. (1998). Agaricus bisporus browning: a review. 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The number of tree species on Earth.

One of the most fundamental questions in ecology is how many species inhabit the Earth. However, due to massive logistical and financial challenges and taxonomic difficulties connected to the species concept definition, the global numbers of species, including those of important and well-studied life forms such as trees, still remain largely unknown. Here, based on global ground-sourced data, we estimate the total tree species richness at global, continental, and biome levels. Our results indicate that there are ∼73,000 tree species globally, among which ∼9,000 tree species are yet to be discovered. Roughly 40% of undiscovered tree species are in South America. Moreover, almost one-third of all tree species to be discovered may be rare, with very low populations and limited spatial distribution (likely in remote tropical lowlands and mountains). These findings highlight the vulnerability of global forest biodiversity to anthropogenic changes in land use and climate, which disproportionately threaten rare species and thus, global tree richness

The number of tree species on Earth.

One of the most fundamental questions in ecology is how many species inhabit the Earth. However, due to massive logistical and financial challenges and taxonomic difficulties connected to the species concept definition, the global numbers of species, including those of important and well-studied life forms such as trees, still remain largely unknown. Here, based on global ground-sourced data, we estimate the total tree species richness at global, continental, and biome levels. Our results indicate that there are ∼73,000 tree species globally, among which ∼9,000 tree species are yet to be discovered. Roughly 40% of undiscovered tree species are in South America. Moreover, almost one-third of all tree species to be discovered may be rare, with very low populations and limited spatial distribution (likely in remote tropical lowlands and mountains). These findings highlight the vulnerability of global forest biodiversity to anthropogenic changes in land use and climate, which disproportionately threaten rare species and thus, global tree richness