Large calcite and bulk-rock volume loss in metacarbonate xenoliths from the Quérigut massif (French Pyrenees)

Chemical mass transfer was quantified in a metacarbonate xenolith enclosed within the granodiorite of the Quérigut massif (Pyrenees, France). Mass balance calculations suggest a strong decrease of CaO, SrO and CO2 contents (up to −90%), correlated with a decrease of modal calcite content as the contact is approached. Most other chemical elements behave immobile during metasomatism. They are therefore passively enriched. Only a small increase of SiO2, Al2O3 and Fe2O3 contents occurs in the immediate vicinity of the contact. Hence, in this study, skarn formation is characterized by the lack of large chemical element influx from the granitoid protolith. A large decrease of the initial carbonate volume (up to −86%) resulted from a combination of decarbonation reactions and loss of CaO and CO2. The resulting volume change has potentially important consequences for the interpretation of stable isotope profiles: the isotope alteration could have occured over greater distances than those observed toda

Vers la synthèse et le post traitement de micro et nano poudres par CVD en lit fluidisé

Grâce à leurs propriétés exceptionnelles, les nanomatériaux offrent des perspectives d’applications chaque jour plus prometteuses, et la mise au point de procédés de synthèse et de post traitement performants constitue aujourd’hui un point clé pour leur utilisation industrielle. Au-delà des nanotubes de carbone, les nanostructures en silicium constituent une cible stratégique dans le domaine de la nanoélectronique. Des études récentes ont montré que le procédé de CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition) catalytique constitue une voie efficace pour former des nanofils de silicium, en utilisant le silane SiH4 comme source de silicium et l’or comme catalyseur. De premiers résultats obtenus sur substrats plans à pression atmosphérique sont présentés ici. Une première analyse de l’influence des paramètres opératoires est proposée dans le but de corréler les conditions d’élaboration aux caractéristiques morphologiques et structurales de ces nanofils. A terme, il s’agira de transposer ces conditions de synthèse au procédé de CVD en lit fluidisé en vue de produire massivement ces nanomatériaux pour des applications notamment en catalyse hétérogène. D’autre part, des poudres microniques luminophores de silicate de zinc dopé au manganèse Zn2SiO4 :Mn2+ ont été traitées thermiquement sous air entre 900 et 1200°C en creuset et en lit fluidisé vibré. La cristallinité des poudres s’est révélée être équivalente pour les deux procédés ; elle augmente avec la température et elle est donc optimale à 1200°C, tout comme les propriétés de luminescence de ces particules. Mais un frittage massif des particules est survenu en creuset dès 1000°C, alors que le lit fluidisé vibré a permis de conserver la granulométrie originelle jusqu’à 1100°C. Un intérêt majeur existe donc pour post traiter ce type de particules en lit fluidisé vibré. Plus largement, l’étude résumée ici ouvre d’importantes perspectives pour étendre les travaux à des poudres de granulométrie encore plus fine, et aussi pour mettre au point d’autres post traitements par des gaz de poudres micro et submicroniques, en particulier par CVD. Des travaux sont d’ores et déjà lancés au LGC avec ces nouveaux objectifs

Petit guide de l'accompagnement à la conception collective d'une transition agroécologique à l'échelle du territoire

Le guide méthodologique, à destination des animateurs de terrain est divisé en trois parties. La première est un dictionnaire imagé des concepts clefs des démarches participatives pour la transition agroécologique . La deuxième partie est une narration de l’expérience TATA-BOX, présentée « comme une recette de cuisine », avec son mode d’emploi étape par étape et un retour d’expérience des scientifiques et des participants des ateliers. Une démarche participative nécessite une construction pas à pas afin de s’adapter au contexte dans lequel elle s'inscrit, au jeu d'acteurs considéré, à la question posée. Aussi la troisième section du guide est composée de d’un ensemble de 23 fiches techniques permettant aux animateurs de terrain de : - suivre le cheminement logique pour la conception de leur propre dispositif - d’opter pour les méthodes et outils participatifs les plus adaptés en ayant un aperçu de leur conditions d’application, leur mode d’emploi, de leurs avantages et inconvénient

Engineering Annotations: A Generic Framework For Gluing Design Artefacts in Models of Interactive Systems

International audienceAlong the design process of interactive system many intermediate artefacts (such as user interface prototypes, task models describing user work and activities, dialog models specifying system behavior, interaction models describing user interactions …) are created, tested, revised and improved until the development team produces a validated version of the full-fledged system. Indeed, to build interactive systems there is a need to use multiple artefacts/models (as they provide a complementary view). However, relevant information for describing the design solution and/or supporting design decisions (such as rational about the design, decisions made, recommendations, etc.) is not explicitly capturable in the models/artefacts, hence the need for annotations. Multi-artefacts approaches usually argue that a given information should only be present in one artefact to avoid duplication and increase maintainability of the artefacts. Nonetheless, annotations created on one artefact are usually relevant to other artefacts/models. So that, there is a need for tools and techniques to coordinate annotations across artefacts/models which is the contribution of the present work. In this paper, we propose a model-based approach that was conceived to handle annotations in a systematic way along the development process of interactive systems. As part of the solution, we propose an annotation model built upon the W3C's Web Annotation Data Model. The feasibility of the approach is demonstrated by means of a tool suite featuring a plugin, which has been deployed and tested over the multi-artefacts. The overall approach is illustrated on the design of an interactive cockpit application performing two design iterations. The contribution brings two main benefits for interactive systems engineering: i) it presents a generic pattern for integrating information in multiple usually heterogenous artefacts throughout the design process of interactive systems; and ii) it highlights the need for tools helping to rationalize and to document the various artefacts and the related decisions made during interactive systems design. CCS CONCEPTS • Human-centered computing • Human computer interaction (HCI

Chiropractic website claims related to non-musculoskeletal conditions: a cross-sectional study

Abstract: Background: Chiropractors frequently use spinal manipulation therapy as a treatment modality in the management of musculoskeletal (MSK) conditions such as spinal pain and sometimes in the treatment of non-MSK disorders. The latter is not supported by evidence. This study aimed to investigate the extent of non-MSK website claims from French chiropractors to assess if websites were aligned with current recommendations on evidence-based practice. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of a representative sample of French chiropractors. Information on non-MSK conditions was collected from chiropractic professional websites by two independent observers in June 2020. For each non-MSK condition, it was noted whether a clarifying explanation justifying the mentioning of the condition was available. In addition, data on professional association affiliation status, country of education, years since graduation, and special clinical focus (e.g., seniors, children) were collected. Results: A total of 287 randomly selected websites were included in the study corresponding to 22% of all chiropractors registered in France. One or more of 42 different non-MSK conditions were identified on 231 websites, of which 5 (2.2%) provided a clarifying explanation. 226 (79%) websites mentioned a non-MSK condition without a clarifying explanation. The non-MSK conditions most often mentioned were sleep problems, constipation/digestive problems, unease/discontent in children and menstrual cramps/pains. A larger proportion of the websites advertising treatment for non-MSK disorders was found among those claiming a special clinical focus on infants/children, seniors, pregnant women or athletes compared to those that did not. Also, a larger proportion of chiropractors who were affiliated with a professional association were advertising treatment for non-MSK disorders compared to those who were not affiliated. Conclusions: Eight out of ten chiropractic websites mentioned one or more non-MSK diagnoses or symptoms. It is unclear if this reflects inaccurate communication or if treatments for non-MSK conditions are provided by the chiropractors

Signatures of TSPAN8 variants associated with human metabolic regulation and diseases

Here, with the example of common copy number variation (CNV) in the TSPAN8 gene, we present an important piece of work in the field of CNV detection, that is, CNV association with complex human traits such as 1H NMR metabolomic phenotypes and an example of functional characterization of CNVs among human induced pluripotent stem cells (HipSci). We report TSPAN8 exon 11 (ENSE00003720745) as a pleiotropic locus associated with metabolomic regulation and show that its biology is associated with several metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cancer. Our results further demonstrate the power of multivariate association models over univariate methods and define metabolomic signatures for variants in TSPAN8

EC-Earth3-AerChem : a global climate model with interactive aerosols and atmospheric chemistry participating in CMIP6

This paper documents the global climate model EC-Earth3-AerChem, one of the members of the EC-Earth3 family of models participating in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6). EC-Earth3-AerChem has interactive aerosols and atmospheric chemistry and contributes to the Aerosols and Chemistry Model Intercomparison Project (AerChemMIP). In this paper, we give an overview of the model, describe in detail how it differs from the other EC-Earth3 configurations, and outline the new features compared with the previously documented version of the model (EC-Earth 2.4). We explain how the model was tuned and spun up under preindustrial conditions and characterize the model's general performance on the basis of a selection of coupled simulations conducted for CMIP6. The net energy imbalance at the top of the atmosphere in the preindustrial control simulation is on average 0.09 Wm(-2) with a standard deviation due to interannual variability of 0.25 Wm(-2), showing no significant drift. The global surface air temperature in the simulation is on average 14.08 degrees C with an interannual standard deviation of 0.17 degrees C, exhibiting a small drift of 0.015 +/- 0.005 degrees C per century. The model's effective equilibrium climate sensitivity is estimated at 3.9 degrees C, and its transient climate response is estimated at 2.1 degrees C. The CMIP6 historical simulation displays spurious interdecadal variability in Northern Hemisphere temperatures, resulting in a large spread across ensemble members and a tendency to underestimate observed annual surface temperature anomalies from the early 20th century onwards. The observed warming of the Southern Hemisphere is well reproduced by the model. Compared with the ECMWF (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts) Reanalysis version 5 (ERA5), the surface air temperature climatology for 1995-2014 has an average bias of -0.86 +/- 0.05 degrees C with a standard deviation across ensemble members of 0.35 degrees C in the North-ern Hemisphere and 1.29 +/- 0.02 degrees C with a corresponding standard deviation of 0.05 degrees C in the Southern Hemisphere. The Southern Hemisphere warm bias is largely caused by errors in shortwave cloud radiative effects over the Southern Ocean, a deficiency of many climate models. Changes in the emissions of near-term climate forcers (NTCFs) have significant effects on the global climate from the second half of the 20th century onwards. For the SSP3-7.0 Shared Socioeconomic Pathway, the model gives a global warming at the end of the 21st century (2091-2100) of 4.9 degrees C above the preindustrial mean. A 0.5 degrees C stronger warming is obtained for the AerChemMIP scenario with reduced emissions of NTCFs. With concurrent reductions of future methane concentrations, the warming is projected to be reduced by 0.5 degrees C.Peer reviewe

Serum vitamin D status is associated with the presence but not the severity of primary open angle glaucoma.

OBJECTIVES: Vitamin D is involved in visual health and function. Our objective was to determine whether age-related vitamin D insufficiency was associated with the presence and the severity of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) in a case-control study of older adults. STUDY DESIGN: Case-control study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: One hundred fifty cases diagnosed with moderate-to-severe POAG (mean, 75.1±8.5 years; 42.0% female) and 164 healthy controls (mean, 73.0±7.9 years; 59.8% female) were included. POAG diagnosis was based on classical diagnostic criteria of optic nerve cupping and/or RNFL thinning, measured with optical coherence tomography. Severe POAG was defined as Humphrey visual field mean deviation (MD) worse than -12dB. Vitamin D insufficiency was defined as serum 25OHD≤75nmol/L. Age, gender, mean arterial pressure, vitamin D supplementation, visual acuity, and intraocular pressure were used as potential confounders. RESULTS: POAG cases had lower mean serum 25OHD concentration than controls (42.9±25.7nmol/L versus 49.4±29.5nmol/L, P=0.039) and a greater prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency (90.7% versus 82.3%, P=0.032). Increased mean serum 25OHD concentrations were associated with lower POAG frequency, even after adjustment for potential confounders (OR=0.89 per 10nmol/L of 25OHD, P=0.045). Similarly, vitamin D insufficiency was associated with POAG (OR=2.09, P=0.034). Among POAG cases, no 25OHD difference was observed between moderate and severe POAG cases (respectively, 39.2±23.3nmol/L versus 45.1±26.7nmol/L, P=0.188); and no between-group difference regarding the prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency (88.9% versus 94.0%, P=0.313). CONCLUSIONS: Decreased serum 25OHD concentration was associated with POAG. There was no 25OHD difference between moderate and severe POAG