Ler e compreender : estudo exploratório de procedimentos cloze no 4º ano do ensino básico

Tese de mestrado, Psicologia (Secção de Psicologia da Educação e da Orientação), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Psicologia, 2017A presente monografia constitui-se como um estudo descritivo, de carácter exploratório no domínio da Compreensão da Leitura. Descrevem-se diferentes etapas de desenvolvimento do Procedimento Cloze em duas turmas de 4º ano de escolaridade do Ensino Básico, em contexto colaborativo, envolvendo as respetivas professoras. A análise das respostas ao preenchimento de lacunas das tarefas Cloze constitui-se como um indicador do nível de compreensão de cada texto. Uma variável que se correlacionou com outras variáveis: velocidade e precisão na leitura. Fazendo variar o espaçamento entre lacunas, desenvolveram-se procedimentos suscetíveis de criar diferentes graus de dificuldade. Os resultados são analisados do ponto de vista de uma avaliação formativa e de outras possibilidades de avaliação e intervenção no contexto de sala de aula. Entrevistas com as duas professoras sugerem que se trata de um procedimento já conhecido, mas raramente utilizado. Motivador, flexível, de construção simples e adaptável ao nível de dificuldade de cada aluno, o Cloze parece constituir uma estratégia útil para a avaliação e estimulação da Compreensão da Leitura. Os resultados revelaram uma receção positiva a este procedimento e parecem corroborar as suas múltiplas potencialidades, nomeadamente para a autorregulação da competência de Compreensão, envolvendo professores e alunos.This monography is a descriptive study with exploratory character on Reading Comprehension. It describes different stages of development of the Cloze procedure in two classes of the 4th grade of primary school, in a colaborative setting, evolving each classes’ teacher. The analysis of the answers given by filling the gaps, indicates the level of comprehension of each text. This variable was correlated with other variables: speed and accuracy in reading. Procedures able to create different levels of difficulty were developed by moving the distance between the gaps. The results are analysed from the point of view of a formative assessment and of other possibilities of assessment and intervention in the classroom. Interviews of the two teachers suggest it is a known, but rarely used, procedure. Motivating, flexible, of simple construction and adaptable to the level of difficulty of each student, Cloze seems to be an useful strategy to evaluate and stimulate Reading Comprehension. The results reveal a positive reaction to this procedure and seem to support its multiple potencials, namely to self-regulation of Comprehension skill, evolving both students and teachers

An AI-based object detection approach for robotic competitions

Artificial Intelligence has been introduced in many applications, namely in artificial vision-based systems with object detection tasks. This paper presents an object localization system with a motivation to use it in autonomous mobile robots at robotics competitions. The system aims to allow robots to accomplish their tasks more efficiently. Object detection is performed using a camera and artificial intelligence based on the YOLOv4 Tiny detection model. An algorithm was developed that uses the data from the system to estimate the parameters of location, distance, and orientation based on the pinhole camera model and trigonometric modelling. It can be used in smart identification procedures of objects. Practical tests and results are presented, constantly locating the objects and with errors between 0.16 and 3.8 cm, concluding that the object localization system is adequate for autonomous mobile robots.The authors are grateful to the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal) for financial support through national funds FCT/MCTES (PIDDAC) to CeDRI (UIDB/05757/2020 and UIDP/05757/2020). The project that gave rise to these results received the support of a fellowship from ”la Caixa” Foundation (ID 100010434). The fellowship code is LCF/BQ/DI20/11780028. João Braun is a PhD Student at the Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto (FEUP) supervised by Prof. Paulo Costa.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Space-time calibration of wind speed forecasts from regional climate models

Numerical weather predictions (NWP) are systematically subject to errors due to the deterministic solutions used by numerical models to simulate the atmosphere. Statistical postprocessing techniques are widely used nowadays for NWP calibration. However, time-varying bias is usually not accommodated by such models. Its calibration performance is also sensitive to the temporal window used for training. This paper proposes space-time models that extend the main statistical postprocessing approaches to calibrate NWP model outputs. Trans-Gaussian random fields are considered to account for meteorological variables with asymmetric behavior. Data augmentation is used to account for censuring in the response variable. The benefits of the proposed extensions are illustrated through the calibration of hourly 10 m wind speed forecasts in Southeastern Brazil coming from the Eta model.Comment: 43 pages, 13 figure

A comparison between time of exposure, number of pitfall traps and the sampling cost to capture ground-dwelling poneromorph ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Using effective survey protocols to address the effects of environmental change are key to saving time, resources and costs. Although exhaustive sampling in any location has been shown as impractical, biodiversity sampling projects must capture sufficient information to show how species assemblages change with the environmental variables. This study investigated time of exposure in the field and the number of pitfall traps that efficiently sampled poneromorph ants in 30 250 m long plots across an area of 25 km2 of tropical rain forest in Brazil. The treatments used for the surveys included two days and 300 traps, 14 days and 300 traps, 14 days and 750 traps, and were considered the minimum, intermediate and maximum sampling efforts, respectively. We characterized each assemblage of ants in relation to a gradient of soil texture, terrain slope and leaf and branch litter volume, and then tested whether the ecological relationships observed with the maximum effort were comparable to data on intermediate and minimum sampling efforts. We also estimated the cost-effectiveness of using the protocols in survey programs. The assemblage of species sampled during 14 days was similar to the assemblage captured during two days, indicating that the number of days influenced the assemblage similarity more than the number of sampling traps. All ecological patterns detected with the maximum effort were also captured with lesser sampling efforts. Overall, both the intermediate and minimum sampling efforts represented savings around 2640% of total project costs and 4345% of time to process the samples. We recommend that two days of trapping time combined with 300 pitfall traps is a highly effective shortcut for monitoring assessment, which can be applied to large-scale biodiversity surveys in tropical forests. © 2018 Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana. All rights reserved

Atributos microbiológicos do solo de sistemas de manejo em condições de Cerrado.

FERTBIO 2010

Reconstituição paleoambiental da Vereda Carrasco da Raposa, Parque Estadual da Serra do Cabral, MG, Brasil, por meio de estudos palinológico e isotópico

Pollen and stable isotopes (C and N) analyses from sediments of Carrasco da Raposa palm swamp (VCR) allowed the paleoenvironmental reconstruction of the last 21,000 years in the region of the Parque Estadual da Serra do Cabral- PESC, MG, Brazil. The results demonstrated that during the influence of Last Glacial Maximum, between 21,150 and 18,850 cal. years BP, the climate conditions in the Serra do Cabral were colder and less humid than in the present; between 1,850 and 3,550 cal. years BP a warmer and wetter climate was recorded; from 1,650 cal. years BP the establishment of the palm swamp occurred in the studied area. Concerning the phytophysionomic changes, a succession of vegetation with a predominance of grassland formations was observed: “Campo Limpo” associated with forest formations at the base, “Campo Sujo” and “Campo Rupestre” associated with Cerrado forest formations in the middle, and the installation of the palm swamp with the presence of Mauritia flexuosa trees towards the top. The isotopic data (C and N) indicated that between 21,150 and 6,500 cal. years BP, there was a probable mixture of C3 and C4 plants as sedimentary organic matter source, but with the predominance of C3 plants, with δ13C values of ~-24 ‰ to -21.5 ‰. Values of C/N (1.5 to 11.5) suggested the predominance of phytoplankton and the δ15N values (3.5 ‰ to ~1.0 ‰) evidenced the mixture of algae and land plants. Around 3,550 cal. years BP to the present, there has been a decrease in the values of C/N (1.5 to ~6), confirming a flooded environment with greater influence of algae in the sedimentary organic matter.A análise palinológica e de isótopos estáveis (C e N) dos sedimentos da Vereda Carrasco da Raposa (VCR) permitiu a reconstituição paleoambiental dos últimos 21.000 anos AP na região do Parque Estadual da Serra do Cabral (PESC), MG, Brasil. Os resultados mostraram que durante a influência do Último Máximo Glacial, entre 21.150 e 18.850 anos cal. AP, as condições climáticas na Serra do Cabral eram mais frias e com menor umidade do que as atuais; entre 18.850 e 3.550 anos cal. AP o clima passou a ser mais quente e com maior umidade; a partir de 1.650 anos cal. AP houve o estabelecimento da vereda, em condições semelhantes e/ou comparáveis às atuais. Quanto às mudanças fitofisionômicas, foi observada uma sucessão da vegetação com predomínio de Formações Campestres do Cerrado associadas a traços de Formações Florestais na base, Campo Sujo Úmido e Campo Rupestre associados a elementos de mata típicos do Cerrado na porção mediana do perfil; em direção ao topo a partir de 1.650 anos cal. AP houve a instalação da vereda, com a ocorrência dos buritis (Mauritia flexuosa). Os dados isotópicos de C e N indicaram que entre 21.150 e 6.500 anos cal. AP havia uma provável mistura de plantas C3 e C4 como fonte da matéria orgânica sedimentar, mas com o predomínio de plantas C3, com valores de δ13C entre ~-24‰ e -21,5‰. Os valores de C/N (1,5 a 11,5) indicaram o predomínio de fitoplâncton e os valores de δ15N (3,5‰ a ~1,0‰) evidenciaram a mistura de algas e plantas terrestres. Em torno de 3.550 anos cal. AP até o presente a diminuição nos valores de C/N (1,5 a ~6) confirmou um ambiente alagado e com maior influência algal na composição da matéria orgânica sedimentar

Description of seedless grape drying and determination of drying rate

This article compares some empirical models, with one or two parameters, used to describe seedless grape drying at low temperature. Chosen models have, as a common characteristic, an analytical expression for the derivative of dimensionless moisture content with respect to time. Comparison of the results for the simulations of drying kinetics indicates that, despite Page and Silva et alli models well represent the process, the best model is Peleg. For this model, the statistical indicators of the simulation can be considered excellent (the determination coefficient is R2 = 0.99944 and the chi-square is χ^2 = 1.2335 x 10-3)

COSMO-RS Selection and Solubility Experiments

Funding Information: This work was also supported by Associate Laboratory for Green Chemistry–LAQV, financed by national funds from FCT/MCTES (UID/QUI/50006/2020), the contracts of Individual Call to Scientific Employment Stimulus 2020.00835.CEECIND (J.M.M.A.)/2021.01432.CEECIND (A.B.P.) and by FCT/MCTES (Portugal) through the project PTDC/EQU-EQU/29737/2017. The authors thank Solvay for providing the ionic liquid tri(butyl) ethylphosphonium diethylphosphate. M.C.G. and J.A. thank IDEX-LYON for financial support (Programme Investissement d’Avenir ANR-16-IDEX-0005). Publisher Copyright: © 2022 American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.In recent years, the fight against climate change and the mitigation of the impact of fluorinated gases (F-gases) on the atmosphere is a global concern. Development of technologies that help to efficiently separate and recycle hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) at the end of the refrigeration and air conditioning equipment life is a priority. The technological development is important to stimulate the F-gas capture, specifically difluoromethane (R-32) and 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a), due to their high global warming potential. In this work, the COSMO-RS method is used to analyze the solute-solvent interactions and to determine Henry's constants of R-32 and R-134a in more than 600 ionic liquids. The three most performant ionic liquids were selected on the basis of COSMO-RS calculations, and F-gas absorption equilibrium isotherms were measured using gravimetric and volumetric methods. Experimental results are in good agreement with COSMO-RS predictions, with the ionic liquid tributyl(ethyl)phosphonium diethyl phosphate, [P2444][C2C2PO4], being the salt presenting the highest absorption capacities in molar and mass units compared to salts previously tested. The other two ionic liquids selected, trihexyltetradecylphosphonium glycinate, [P66614][C2NO2], and trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium 2-cyano-pyrrole, [P66614][CNPyr], may be competitive as far as their absorption capacities are concerned. Future works will be guided on evaluating the performance of these ionic liquids at an industrial scale by means of process simulations, in order to elucidate the role in process efficiency of other relevant absorbent properties such as viscosity, molar weight, or specific heat.publishersversionpublishe

Gum of Terminalia argentea Mart. Et. Zucc. (Combretaceae) as a Resource in Biotechnology Processes: Chemistry and Toxicity

Biodegradable polymers are in areas such as pharmaceutical, food and bioremediation processes. Isolation, characterization (SEM, FTIR, TGA, Monosaccharide Composition, Zeta Potential), antimicrobial activity and toxicity to Artemia salina and Allium cepa L. from the in natura gummy exudate of Terminalia argentea (GTa) are presented herein. The data show irregular morphology and depressions, bands in 1770, 2112, 1354 cm-1, indicating groups of polysaccharides, amphiphilic character, thermo-degradation above 300 ° C and low water activity (0.6). The assays were negative for S. aureus and E. coli, nontoxic against the bioindicators tested. GTa presented low cost, extracted and isolated in a sustainable way, with possibility of commercial exploitation by communities, since these biopolymers present possibilities of applications as agents in the support of immobilization of enzymes, as sensors in diagnostics, encapsulating material in processes of microencapsulation of drugs and additives in food industries.Polímeros biodegradáveis estão em áreas como a farmacêutica, alimentos e processos de bioremediação. O isolamento, a caracterização (MEV, FTIR, TGA, Composição de monossacarídeos, Potencial Zeta), atividade antimicrobiana e toxicidade frente a Artemia salina e Allium cepa L. do exsudato gomoso in natura de Terminalia argentea (GTa) são aqui apresentados. Os dados mostram morfologia irregular e depressões, bandas em 1770, 2112, 1354 cm-1, indicando grupamentos de polissacarídeos, caráter anfiflitico, termodegradação acima de 300°C e baixa atividade de água (0.6). Os ensaios foram negativos para S. aureus e E. coli, atóxicos frente aos bioindicadores testados. O GTa apresentou-se de baixo custo, extraído e isolado de forma sustentável, com possibilidade de exploração comercial por comunidades, uma vez que estes biopolímeros apresentam possibilidades de aplicações como agentes no suporte de imobilização de enzimas, como sensores em diagnósticos, material encapsulante em processos de microencapsulação de fármacos e aditivos em indústrias de alimentos