Epidemiological Features of Enterovirus Infection during Flood on the Territory of Jewish Autonomous Region

Long-term manifestations of epidemiological process of enterovirus infection in the Jewish Autonomous Region were similar to those in the Khabarovsk Territory, though with a lower intensity. After establishment of emergency situation regime, in view of the rainfall flooding in 2013, enterovirus morbidity rate had been increasing within three weeks duration, then started to fall rapidly. Clustered cases of enterovirus infection were not registered. Viral serous meningitis ratio was insignificant as minor forms of the disease prevailed; coxsackie virus A-9 and echovirus-6 dominated. During the flood period isolated from samples of patients with minor forms of enteroviral disease were three enterovirus strains, type 71, sub-genotype C4a, possessing a high degree of genetic similarity to the Chinese ones, 2010-2011. All in all impact of the natural disaster on the epidemiological situation on enteroviral infection in the Jewish Autonomous Region turned to be insignificant

Joining S100 proteins and migration:for better or for worse, in sickness and in health

The vast diversity of S100 proteins has demonstrated a multitude of biological correlations with cell growth, cell differentiation and cell survival in numerous physiological and pathological conditions in all cells of the body. This review summarises some of the reported regulatory functions of S100 proteins (namely S100A1, S100A2, S100A4, S100A6, S100A7, S100A8/S100A9, S100A10, S100A11, S100A12, S100B and S100P) on cellular migration and invasion, established in both culture and animal model systems and the possible mechanisms that have been proposed to be responsible. These mechanisms involve intracellular events and components of the cytoskeletal organisation (actin/myosin filaments, intermediate filaments and microtubules) as well as extracellular signalling at different cell surface receptors (RAGE and integrins). Finally, we shall attempt to demonstrate how aberrant expression of the S100 proteins may lead to pathological events and human disorders and furthermore provide a rationale to possibly explain why the expression of some of the S100 proteins (mainly S100A4 and S100P) has led to conflicting results on motility, depending on the cells used. © 2013 Springer Basel

Cryo-EM and molecular docking shows myosin-S1 loop 4 contacts actin and tropomyosin on thin filaments

The motor protein, myosin, drives muscle and non-muscle motility by binding to and moving along actin of thin filaments. Myosin-binding to actin also modulates interactions of the regulatory protein, tropomyosin, on thin filaments, and conversely tropomyosin affects myosin-binding to actin. Insight into this reciprocity will facilitate a molecular level elucidation of tropomyosin regulation of myosin interaction with actin in muscle contraction, and in turn, promote better understanding non-muscle cell motility. Indeed, experimental approaches, such as fiber diffraction, cryo-electron microscopy and 3D reconstruction, have long been used to define regulatory interaction of tropomyosin and myosin on actin at a structural level. However, their limited resolution has not proven sufficient to determine tropomyosin and myosin contacts at an atomic-level and thus to fully substantiate possible functional contributions. To overcome this deficiency, we have followed a hybrid approach by performing new cryo-EM reconstruction of myosin-S1‒decorated F-actin-tropomyosin together with atomic-scale protein-protein docking of tropomyosin to the EM models. Here, cryo-EM data were derived from filaments reconstituted with α1-actin, cardiac αα-tropomyosin, and masseter muscle β-myosin complexes; masseter myosin, which shares sequence identity with β-cardiac myosin-heavy chain, was used because of its stability in vitro. The data were used to build an atomic model of the tropomyosin cable that fits onto the actin filament between the tip of the myosin head and a cleft on the innermost edge of actin subunits. The docking and atomic scale fitting showed multiple discrete interactions of myosin loop 4 and acidic residues on successive 39 to 42 residue-long tropomyosin pseudo-repeats. The contacts between S1 and tropomyosin on actin appear to compete with and displace ones normally found between actin and tropomyosin on myosin-free thin filaments in relaxed muscle, thus restructuring the filament during myosin-induced activation

Positioning of the Territory of Crime: the Problem of Attracting Human Capital

The article examines the problem of the influence of public opinion about a territory on the ability of a territory to attract human capital. For the development of a new region of Russia - the Republic of Crimea, work is required to attract human capital. Young people, by virtue of their mobility and quality education, can form the basis of such human capital. Therefore, it is important to find out how young people relate to the territory of Crimea, how attractive it is for them, from the point of view of the choice of Crimea for permanent residence and work. In order to study the attitudes of young people living in the Sverdlovsk region, to the Crimea, a reconnaissance study was conducted in two stages. At the first stage, associations of young people aged between 16 and 35 years living in the Sverdlovsk region with the Crimea were identified, and at the second stage, by questioning 104 respondents, respondents' attitude towards Crimea as a permanent place of residence or place of rest was revealed. The results of the study suggest that Crimea is associated among young people, primarily with tourism and a place to rest. The results of the study show that the majority of respondents (81.7 %) do not consider Crimea as a permanent place of residence, a minority of respondents (9.6 %) would choose Crimea as a tourist trip if they were given a choice between Crimea and any other resting place. Thus, it becomes obvious that the existing level of ideas about the Crimea among the youth of the Sverdlovsk region does not contribute to attracting human capital to the territory of Crimea. It can be assumed that young people do not consider Crimea as a permanent place of residence, since they do not plan to work in the field of tourism. However, this conclusion requires additional research. The central question for him can be the study of the problem of attracting human capital to the territory of Crimea through the correct positioning.В статье рассматриваются основные экономические и правовые проблемы защиты прав малого бизнеса в России. Особое внимание обращено на защиту прав индивидуальных предпринимателей. В статье исследована проблема влияния общественного мнения о территории на способность территории привлечь человеческий капитал. Для развития нового региона России – Республики Крым, требуется работа по привлечению человеческого капитала. Молодежь, в силу своей мобильности и качественного образования, может составить ос-нову такого человеческого капитала. Поэтому важно выяснить, как относятся к территории Крыма молодые люди, насколько она привлекательна для них, с точки зрении выбора Крыма постоянным местом жительства и работы. Для изучения отношения молодежи, проживающей в Свердловской области, к Крыму, было проведено разведывательное исследование в два этапа, на первом этапе выявлены ассоциации молодежи в возрасте от 16 до 35 лет, проживающей в Свердловской области, с Крымом, на втором этапе путем анкетирования были опрошены 104 респондента, выявлено отношение респондентов к Крыму, как к постоянному месту жительства или месту отдыха. Результаты исследования говорят о том, что Крым ассоциируется у молодежи, в первую очередь, с туризмом и местом для отдыха. Результаты проведенного исследования показывают, что большинство респондентов (81,7 %) не рассматривают Крым в качестве постоянного места проживания, меньшинство опрошенных (9,6 %) выбрали бы сейчас в качестве туристической поездки Крым, если бы им предостави-ли выбор между Крымом и любым другим местом отдыха. Таким образом, становится, очевидно, что существующий уровень представлений о Крыме среди молодежи Свердловской области не способствует привлечению человеческого капитала на территорию Крыма. Можно предположить, что молодежь не рассматривает Крым в качестве постоянного места жительства, так как не планирует работать в сфере туризма. Однако данный вывод требует проведения дополнительного исследования. Центральным вопросом для него может стать изучение проблемы привлечения человеческого капитала на территорию Крыма за счет правильного позиционирования

Analysis of «The Crimea» brand’s positioning problems in a youth audience

Изменение геополитической ситуации Крыма в марте 2014 года требует от органов власти формирования бренда указанной территории и правильное позиционирование бренда. Работа посвящена анализу проблем позиционирования бренда Крым в молодежной аудитории, как наиболее перспективной целевой аудитории, которая может составить основу человеческого капитала, необходимого для развития экономики Крыма в ближайшее время. В работе проведено исследование, направленное на определение актуального образа Крыма в сознании молодежи, проведен анализ текущего информационно-коммуникационного позиционирования бренда Крым органами власти и сравнительный анализ позиционирования бренда Крым органами власти и существующих представлений молодежи о Крыме. На основе полученных результатов разработана концепция позиционирования бренда Крым в молодежной аудитории, направленная на изменение отношения молодежи к Крыму, с учетом выявленных проблем позиционирования.The change in the geopolitical situation of Crimea in March 2014 requires the authorities to form a brand of the specified territory and correctly position the brand. The work is devoted to the analysis of the problems of positioning the Crimea brand in a youth audience, as the most promising target audience, which can form the basis of human capital necessary for the development of the Crimean economy in the near future. The study conducted a study aimed at determining the current image of Crimea in the minds of young people, conducted an analysis of the current information and communication positioning of the Crimea brand by the authorities and a comparative analysis of the Crimea brand positioning by the authorities and existing youth perceptions of Crimea. Based on the results, a concept was developed for positioning the Crimea brand in a youth audience, aimed at changing the attitude of young people to Crimea, taking into account the identified positioning problems

Metabolic Incorporation of Azide Functionality into Cellular RNA

Real-time tracking of RNA expression can provide insight into the mechanisms used to generate cellular diversity, as well as help determine the underlying causes of disease. Here we present the exploration of azide-modified nucleoside analogues and their ability to be metabolically incorporated into cellular RNA. We report robust incorporation of adenosine analogues bearing azide handles at both the 2′- and N6-positions; 5-methylazidouridine was not incorporated into cellular RNA. We further demonstrate selectivity of our adenosine analogues for transcription and polyadenylation. We predict that azidonucleosides will find widespread utility in examining RNA functions inside living cells, as well as in more complex systems such as tissues and living animals