25 research outputs found
Kinetics of phosphorus in tissues of lambs fed different sources of calcium
Foram utilizados 12 cordeiros machos, inteiros, com peso médio de 31,6kg. Os cordeiros foram alimentados com dietas à base de milho e farelo de soja, suplementadas com diferentes fontes de cálcio: calcário calcítico (CC), feno de alfafa (FA), polpa cítrica (PC) e farinha de conchas de ostras (FCO). Os animais receberam injeção de 7,4 MBq do radiofósforo (32P) e após sete dias foram abatidos para posteriores análises. Utilizou-se o delineamento em blocos ao acaso, com quatro tratamentos e três repetições. A taxa de retenção de 32P, as atividades específicas relativas e padronizadas, e a quantidade de P inorgânico nos tecidos foram iguais para todos os tratamentos (P>0,05). A comparação entre os tecidos mostrou que a concentração de P inorgânico e a taxa de retenção de 32P (P0.05). The comparison between tissues showed that the concentration of inorganic P and rate of 32P retention was greater in bone (P<0.01) than in soft tissue. The 32P retention presented the following decreasing order: kidney, liver, heart, muscle and bone (P<0.01). P resorption in bone was higher than P accreted in bone, leading to a negative balance of P in bone for the majority of animals. The means for P accreted in bone were 1.56, 3.29, 2.74 and 2.06g/animal and the means for P resorption in bone were 2.82, 4.51, 4.09 and 3.05g/animal for limestone (CC), alfalfa hay (FA), citrus pulp (PC) and oyster shell meal (OSM), respectively. P resorption values were higher than P accretion in bone leading to a negative balance of P for the majority of animals. It was concluded that the different sources of calcium did not interfere in the kinetics of phosphorus and the amount of P absorbed did not attend P demands of the animals
Monitoring of species' genetic diversity in Europe varies greatly and overlooks potential climate change impacts.
Genetic monitoring of populations currently attracts interest in the context of the Convention on Biological Diversity but needs long-term planning and investments. However, genetic diversity has been largely neglected in biodiversity monitoring, and when addressed, it is treated separately, detached from other conservation issues, such as habitat alteration due to climate change. We report an accounting of efforts to monitor population genetic diversity in Europe (genetic monitoring effort, GME), the evaluation of which can help guide future capacity building and collaboration towards areas most in need of expanded monitoring. Overlaying GME with areas where the ranges of selected species of conservation interest approach current and future climate niche limits helps identify whether GME coincides with anticipated climate change effects on biodiversity. Our analysis suggests that country area, financial resources and conservation policy influence GME, high values of which only partially match species' joint patterns of limits to suitable climatic conditions. Populations at trailing climatic niche margins probably hold genetic diversity that is important for adaptation to changing climate. Our results illuminate the need in Europe for expanded investment in genetic monitoring across climate gradients occupied by focal species, a need arguably greatest in southeastern European countries. This need could be met in part by expanding the European Union's Birds and Habitats Directives to fully address the conservation and monitoring of genetic diversity
Genetic divergence between genotypes of forage peanut in relation to agronomic and chemical traits
Risk profiles and one-year outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation in India: Insights from the GARFIELD-AF Registry.
BACKGROUND: The Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF) is an ongoing prospective noninterventional registry, which is providing important information on the baseline characteristics, treatment patterns, and 1-year outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). This report describes data from Indian patients recruited in this registry. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 52,014 patients with newly diagnosed AF were enrolled globally; of these, 1388 patients were recruited from 26 sites within India (2012-2016). In India, the mean age was 65.8 years at diagnosis of NVAF. Hypertension was the most prevalent risk factor for AF, present in 68.5% of patients from India and in 76.3% of patients globally (P < 0.001). Diabetes and coronary artery disease (CAD) were prevalent in 36.2% and 28.1% of patients as compared with global prevalence of 22.2% and 21.6%, respectively (P < 0.001 for both). Antiplatelet therapy was the most common antithrombotic treatment in India. With increasing stroke risk, however, patients were more likely to receive oral anticoagulant therapy [mainly vitamin K antagonist (VKA)], but average international normalized ratio (INR) was lower among Indian patients [median INR value 1.6 (interquartile range {IQR}: 1.3-2.3) versus 2.3 (IQR 1.8-2.8) (P < 0.001)]. Compared with other countries, patients from India had markedly higher rates of all-cause mortality [7.68 per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval 6.32-9.35) vs 4.34 (4.16-4.53), P < 0.0001], while rates of stroke/systemic embolism and major bleeding were lower after 1 year of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Compared to previously published registries from India, the GARFIELD-AF registry describes clinical profiles and outcomes in Indian patients with AF of a different etiology. The registry data show that compared to the rest of the world, Indian AF patients are younger in age and have more diabetes and CAD. Patients with a higher stroke risk are more likely to receive anticoagulation therapy with VKA but are underdosed compared with the global average in the GARFIELD-AF. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION-URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01090362
Occurrence Of Low Molecular Weight Phenolics In Vitis Vinifera Red Grape Cultivars And Their Winemaking By-products From São Paulo (brazil)
The content of low molecular weight phenolic compounds present in winemaking by-products (skins from grape marc and wine lees) of red wine made from the Vitis vinifera grape cultivars Cabernet Sauvignon and Cabernet Franc in the state of São Paulo (Brazil) has been examined. The study was extended to two consecutive years and showed that winemaking by-products still contained high concentrations of interesting functional and bioactive phenolic compounds. In addition to original grape phenolics, the winemaking by-products contained new phenolics originated by the action of enzymatic (yeast mediated) and chemical reactions during winemaking, including formation of anthocyanin-derived pigments and hydrolysis products from flavonol glycosides and tartaric esters of hydroxycinnamic acids. A total of 19 anthocyanins, 9 pyranoanthocyanins, 18 flavonols, 7 hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives, and 3 resveratrol-based stilbenes were identified. Wine lees have been revealed as an interesting source of flavonol aglycones and pyranoanthocyanins. The best sample preparation technique prior to the extraction of phenolic compounds, with regard to the maintenance of phenolic compound profiles and concentrations, was freeze-drying. However, in the case of lees, spray-drying showed to be also effective in the preservation of phenolic compounds and is a less expensive technique. Oven-drying at 50. °C should be avoided if there is interest in using winemaking by-products for further purposes, since phenolic compound concentrations were strongly reduced by thermal degradation. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.62500513Amico, V., Napoli, E.M., Renda, A., Ruberto, G., Spatafora, C., Tringali, C., Constituents of grape pomace from the Sicilian cultivar 'Nerello Mascalese' (2004) Food Chemistry, 88, pp. 599-607Babbar, N., Oberoi, H.S., Uppal, D.S., Patil, R.T., Total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of extracts obtained from six important fruit residues (2011) Food Research International, 44, pp. 391-396Blanco-Vega, D., López-Bellido, F.J., Alía-Robledo, J.M., Hermosín-Gutiérrez, I., HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS characterization of pyranoanthocyanins pigments formed in model wine (2011) Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 59, pp. 9523-9531Boulton, R., The copigmentation of anthocyanins and its role in the color of red wine: A critical review (2001) American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 52, pp. 67-87Castillo-Muñoz, N., Fernández-Gonzalez, M., Gómez-Alonso, S., García-Romero, E., Hermosín-Gutiérrez, I., Red-color related phenolic composition of Garnacha Tintorera (Vitis vinifera L.) grapes and red wines (2009) Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 57, pp. 7883-7891Castillo-Muñoz, N., Gómez-Alonso, S., García-Romero, E., Hermosín-Gutiérrez, I., Flavonol profiles of Vitis vinifera red grapes and their single-cultivar wines (2007) Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 55, pp. 992-1002Cheng, V.J., Bekhit, A.E.A., McConnell, M., Mros, S., Zhao, J., Effect of extraction solvent, waste fraction and grape variety on the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of extracts from wine residue from cool climate (2012) Food Chemistry, 134, pp. 474-482Cortés, S., Rodríguez, R., Salgado, J.M., Domínguez, J.M., Comparative study between Italian and Spanish grape marc spirits in terms of major volatile compounds (2011) Food Control, 22, pp. 673-680Ferrandino, A., Carra, A., Rolle, L., Schneider, A., Schubert, A., Profiling of hydroxycinnamoyl tartrates and acylated anthocyanins in the skin of 34 Vitis vinifera genotypes (2012) Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 60, pp. 4931-4945Hermosín-Gutiérrez, I., Castillo-Muñoz, N., Gómez-Alonso, S., García-Romero, E., Flavonol profiles for grape and wine authentication (2011) Progress in authentication of food and wine, pp. 113-129. , American Chemical Society, ACS Symposium Series, Washington, DC, S.E. Ebeler, G.R. Takeoka, P. Winterhalter (Eds.)Kammerer, D., Claus, A., Carle, R., Schieber, A., Polyphenol screening of pomace from red and white grape varieties (Vitis vinifera L.) by HPLC-DAD-MS/MS (2004) Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 52, pp. 4360-4367Kammerer, D., Claus, A., Schieber, A., Reinhold, C., A novel process for the recovery of polyphenols from grape (Vitis vinifera L.) pomace (2005) Journal of Food Science, 70 (2), pp. 157-163Koundouras, S., Hatzidimitriou, E., Karamolegkou, M., Dimopoulou, E., Kallithraka, S., Tsialtas, J.T., Irrigation and root stock effects on the phenolic concentration and aroma potential of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Cabernet Sauvignon grapes (2009) Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 57, pp. 7805-7813Lago-Vanzela, E.S., Da-Silva, R., Gomes, E., García-Romero, E., Hermosín-Gutiérrez, I., Phenolic composition of the edible parts (flesh and skin) of BordÔ grape (Vitis labrusca) using HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS (2011) Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 59, pp. 13136-13146Lago-Vanzela, E.S., Da-Silva, R., Gomes, E., García-Romero, E., Hermosín-Gutiérrez, I., Phenolic composition of the Brazilian seedless table grape varieties BRS Clara and BRS Morena (2011) Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 59, pp. 8314-8323Maragkoudakis, P.A., Nardi, T., Bovo, B., D'Andrea, M., Howell, K.S., Giacomini, A., Biodiversity, dynamics and ecology of bacterial community during grape marc storage for the production of grappa (2013) International Journal of Food Microbiology, 162 (2), pp. 143-151Mendes, J.A.S., Prozil, S.O., Evtuguin, D.V., Lopes, L.P.C., Towards comprehensive utilization of winemaking residues: Characterization of grape skins from red grape pomaces of variety Touriga Nacional (2013) Industrial Crops and Products, 43, pp. 25-32Morata, A., Gómez-Cordovés, M.C., Colomo, B., Suárez, J.A., Cell Wall anthocyanin adsorption by different Saccharomyces strains during the fermentation of Vitis vinifera L. cv Graciano grapes (2005) European Food Research and Technology, 220, pp. 341-346Nixdorf, S.L., Hermosín-Gutiérrez, I., Brazilian red wines made from the hybrid grape cultivar Isabel: Phenolic composition and antioxidant capacity (2010) Analytica Chimica Acta, 659, pp. 208-215Paradelo, R., Moldes, A.B., Barral, M.T., Utilization of a factorial design to study the composting of hydrolyzed grape marc and vinification lees (2010) Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 58, pp. 3085-3092Poudel, P.R., Mochioka, R., Beppu, K., Kataoka, I., Influence of temperature on berry composition of interspecific hybrid wine grape 'Kadainou R-1' (Vitis ficifolia var. ganebu×V. vinifera 'Muscat of Alexandria') (2009) Journal of the Japanese Society for Horticultural Science, 78, pp. 169-174Rebello, L.P.G., Lago-Vanzela, E.S., Barcia, M.T., Ramos, A.M., Stringheta, P.C., Da-Silva, R., Phenolic composition of the berry parts of hybrid grape cultivar BRS Violeta (BRS Rubea×IAC 1398-21) using HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS (2013) Food Research International, 54, pp. 354-366Rockenbach, I.I., Gonzaga, L.V., Rizelio, V.M., Gonçalves, A.E.S.S., Genovese, M.I., Fett, R., Phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of seed and skin extracts of red grape (Vitis vinifera and Vitis labrusca) pomace from Brazilian winemaking (2011) Food Research International, 44, pp. 897-901Rubilar, M., Pinelo, M., Shene, C., Sineiro, J., Nuñez, M.J., Separation and HPLC-MS identification of phenolic antioxidants from agricultural residues: Almond hulls and grape pomace (2007) Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 55, pp. 10101-10109Ryan, J., Revilla, E., Anthocyanin composition of Cabernet Sauvignon and Tempranillo grapes at different stages of ripening (2003) Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 51, pp. 3372-3378Shrikhande, A.J., Wine by-products with health benefits (2000) Food Research International, 33, pp. 469-474Slier, E.O., Neira, A.P., Solís, R.L., Marín, F.Z., Da-Silva, J.M.R., Laureano, O., Comparative study of the phenolic composition of seeds and skins from Carménère and Cabernet Sauvignon grape varieties (Vitis vinifera L.) during ripening (2010) Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 58, pp. 3591-359
Performance during a strenuous swimming session is associated with high blood lactate: pyruvate ratio and hypoglycemia in fasted rats
<div><p>The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of lactatemia elevation and glycemia reduction on strenuous swimming performance in fasted rats. Three rats were placed in a swimming tank at the same time. The first rat was removed immediately (control group) and the remaining ones were submitted to a strenuous swimming session. After the second rat was exhausted (Exh group), the third one was immediately removed from the water (Exe group). According to the period of time required for exhaustion, the rats were divided into four groups: low performance (3–7 min), low-intermediary performance (8–12 min), high-intermediary performance (13–17 min), and high performance (18–22 min). All rats were removed from the swimming tanks and immediately killed by decapitation for blood collection or anesthetized for liver perfusion experiments. Blood glucose, lactate, and pyruvate concentrations, blood lactate/pyruvate ratio, and liver lactate uptake and its conversion to glucose were evaluated. Exhaustion in low and low-intermediary performance were better associated with higher lactate/pyruvate ratio. On the other hand, exhaustion in high-intermediary and high performance was better associated with hypoglycemia. Lactate uptake and glucose production from lactate in livers from the Exe and Exh groups were maintained. We concluded that there is a time sequence in the participation of lactate/pyruvate ratio and hypoglycemia in performance during an acute strenuous swimming section in fasted rats. The liver had an important participation in preventing hyperlactatemia and hypoglycemia during swimming through lactate uptake and its conversion to glucose.</p></div
Antimicrobial Activity And Differentiation Of Anthocyanin Profiles Of Rabbiteye And Highbush Blueberries Using Hplc–dad–esi-msn And Multivariate Analysis
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)This study aims to perform in vitro analyses of the antimicrobial activity of ten blueberry cultivars, to characterize the anthocyanin composition of these fruits, and to use multivariate analysis to compare the results. All blueberry cultivars presented anti-Escherichia coli activity. Furthermore, the complete series of six glycosides (galactoside, glucoside, arabinoside, xyloside, acetylgalactoside and acetylglucoside) of five anthocyanidins (delphinidin, cyanidin, petunidin, peonidin, and malvidin) were detected, together with six malonyl derivatives of the main anthocyanins. The rabbiteye cultivars showed higher proportions of cyanidin 3-galactoside than the highbush cultivars, the latter accounting for higher proportions of the 3-arabinosides of delphinidin and malvidin. The total anthocyanin content was between 10.8 and 26.5 g/kg of dry weight, and the concentration depended on the size of the berries, with the smaller rabbiteye cultivars exhibiting higher levels of anthocyanins. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd26506516CAPES, Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorESF, Fondo Social EuropeoUNICAMP, Universidade Estadual de CampinasCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES
Antioxidant Activity Of Hydrophilic And Lipophilic Extracts Of Brazilian Blueberries
Hydrophilic and lipophilic extracts of ten cultivars of Highbush and Rabbiteye Brazilian blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum L. and Vacciniumashei Reade, respectively) that are used for commercial production were analysed for antioxidant activity by the FRAP, ORAC, ABTS and β-carotene-linoleate methods. Results were correlated to the amounts of carotenoids, total phenolics and anthocyanins. Brazilian blueberries had relatively high concentration of total phenolics (1622-3457 mg gallic acid equivalents per 100 g DW) and total anthocyanins (140-318 mg cyanidin-3-glucoside equivalents per 100 g DW), as well as being a good source of carotenoids. There was a higher positive correlation between the amounts of these compounds and the antioxidant activity of hydrophilic compared to lipophilic extracts. There were also significant differences in the level of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activities between different cultivars, production location and year of cultivation. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. 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