171 research outputs found

    ANALYSIS OF METEOROLOGICAL AND AGRICULTURAL DROUGHTS IN SERBIA

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    Abstract: Drought represents a combined heat-precipitation extreme and has become an increasingly frequent phenomenon in recent years. In order to access the entire analysis of drought, it is necessary to include the analysis of several types of drought. In this paper, impacts of meteorological and agricultural drought were analyzed across the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and Agricultural Rainfall Index (ARI) on the territory of Serbia for the period from 1980 to 2010. For both types of drought, year 2000 is notable as the year when most of the observed stations had the highest drought intensity. It was found that meteorological drought for year 2000 has a higher intensity in the central and southeastern parts of the country, as well as in the north. Of all the stations, the highest intensity of meteorological drought was observed at Loznica station in 1989. Agricultural drought in 2000 had the lowest intensity in western Serbia.   Key words: drought, meteorological drought, agricultural drought, Standardized Precipitation Index, Agricultural Rainfall Index, Serbia.

    Multi-scenario and multi-model ensemble of regional climate change projections for the plain areas of the Pannonian Basin

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    This study is focusing on the projected temperature and precipitation changes in the plain areas of Serbia and Hungary. The simulated changes are calculated for two future time periods (namely, 2021‒2050 and 2069‒2098) on a monthly scale, and they are compared to the 1971‒2000 reference period. In order to estimate the uncertainties deriving from different sources, 10 RCM simulations driven by different GCMs, and three RCP scenarios (RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5) were taken into account. According to the obtained results, higher temperature values are likely to occur in the future, and warmer conditions tend to occur if greater radiative forcing change is assumed. In the case of precipitation, larger variability emerges, but for July, a clear decreasing trend is projected, especially in the case of RCP8.5; while from October to June an increase is projected by most of the RCM simulations. Rainfall variability index shows that the number of dry years will be 5–20 from 30-year time series in the mid-century, and slightly less in the late-century. Extreme dry conditions will tend to occur in 2–12 years overall during 30-year future time periods in the northern plain subregions, and somewhat more frequently in the southern subregions (i.e., in Serbia). The obtained results do not show substantial differences depending on the RCP scenarios, since the scenario plays a less important role in the overall uncertainty of climatic projections compared to the model physics and parameterizations or the internal climatic variability

    Analysis of the spatio-temporal patterns of dry and wet conditions in the Huai River Basin using the standardized precipitation index

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    Located in a transition zone between the northern and southern climates in China, the Huai River Basin is prone to extreme events such as drought and flood. Based on the daily precipitation data at 134 stations between 1961 and 2013, this paper analyzed the spatial and temporal patterns of the dry and wet conditions in the Huai River Basin through the statistical analysis of the rainfall stations' annual and seasonal standard precipitation index (SPI) series. Annual SPI series exhibited a decreasing trend at 86 stations and an increasing trend at the remaining stations. None of the increasing trend was significant, while the decreasing trend was significant at two stations at 5% significance level (α = 0.05) and one station at 10% level. Seasonal-wise, there has been a prevailing trend of drying in spring and autumn, and wetting in summer and winter. The trends in the spring and summer SPI series have been mostly insignificant, while those in autumn and winter, significant (α = 0.10) at over 30 stations. The Pettitt test results indicated that the significant transitions (α = 0.10) in the autumn and winter SPI series mostly occurred in the middle to late 1980s. Comparison of the average number of dry and wet years between the two sub-periods of 1961–1984 and 1990–2013 suggested a significant increase (α = 0.05) in the average number of severely wet years across much of the basin. Overall, significant changes have already occurred in the dry and wet conditions of the Huai River Basin, which could have profound impacts on the food and water safety situation of the region

    Long-Term Precipitation Analysis and Estimation of Precipitation Concentration Index Using Three Support Vector Machine Methods

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    The monthly precipitation data from 29 stations in Serbia during the period of 1946–2012 were considered. Precipitation trends were calculated using linear regression method. Three CLINO periods (1961–1990, 1971–2000, and 1981–2010) in three subregions were analysed. The CLINO 1981–2010 period had a significant increasing trend. Spatial pattern of the precipitation concentration index (PCI) was presented. For the purpose of PCI prediction, three Support Vector Machine (SVM) models, namely, SVM coupled with the discrete wavelet transform (SVM-Wavelet), the firefly algorithm (SVM-FFA), and using the radial basis function (SVM-RBF), were developed and used. The estimation and prediction results of these models were compared with each other using three statistical indicators, that is, root mean square error, coefficient of determination, and coefficient of efficiency. The experimental results showed that an improvement in predictive accuracy and capability of generalization can be achieved by the SVM-Wavelet approach. Moreover, the results indicated the proposed SVM-Wavelet model can adequately predict the PCI

    Rainfall trend analysis and geospatial mapping of the Kelantan River Basin

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    Trend analysis was widely used as a tool to detect changes in climatic and hydrologic time series data such as rainfall. Fourteen rainfall stations in the Kelantan River Basin were used to detect trends for each of the sub-basin areas. Two objectives of the study are (i) to quantify the changing trends of rainfall of Kelantan River using statistical tests (i.e., Mann-Kendall test and Sen’s slope test) based on monthly, seasonal, and annual time series, and secondly, (ii) to map rainfall trend according to Mann-Kendall test result. Analysis for these two tests revealed that several stations indicated significant increasing and decreasing trends for monthly, seasonal, and annual rainfall time series. The study found that rainfall varies in different months, seasons, and annually as evidenced by the graph and trend maps. Therefore, this information will benefit especially for flood preparation and responses in Kelantan River Basin which annually experiences monsoon flooding

    Spatio-temporal divergence in the responses of Finland's boreal forests to climate variables

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    Spring greening in boreal forest ecosystems has been widely linked to increasing temperature, but few studies have attempted to unravel the relative effects of climate variables such as maximum temperature (TMX), minimum temperature (TMN), mean temperature (TMP), precipitation (PRE) and radiation (RAD) on vegetation growth at different stages of growing season. However, clarifying these effects is fundamental to better understand the relationship between vegetation and climate change. This study investigated spatio-temporal divergence in the responses of Finland's boreal forests to climate variables using the plant phenology index (PPI) calculated based on the latest Collection V006 MODIS BRDF-corrected surface reflectance products (MCD43C4) from 2002 to 2018, and identified the dominant climate variables controlling vegetation change during the growing season (May-September) on a monthly basis. Partial least squares (PLS) regression was used to quantify the response of PPI to climate variables and distinguish the separate impacts of different variables. The study results show the dominant effects of temperature on the PPI in May and June, with TMX, TMN and TMP being the most important explanatory variables for the variation of PPI depending on the location, respectively. Meanwhile, drought had an unexpectedly positive impact on vegetation in few areas. More than 50 % of the variation of PPI could be explained by climate variables for 68.5 % of the entire forest area in May and 87.7 % in June, respectively. During July to September, the PPI variance explained by climate and corresponding spatial extent rapidly decreased. Nevertheless, the RAD was found be the most important explanatory variable to July PPI in some areas. In contrast, the PPI in August and September was insensitive to climate in almost all of the regions studied. Our study gives useful insights on quantifying and identifying the relative importance of climate variables to boreal forest, which can be used to predict the possible response of forest under future warming.Peer reviewe

    Voluntary signals of inside managers

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    ÖvergĂ„ngar frĂ„n förskola till förskoleklass. - En undersökning om barns berĂ€ttelser gĂ€llande övergĂ„ng till förskoleklass

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    ÖvergĂ„ngen frĂ„n förskolan till förskoleklass kan se olika ut i och mellan olika verksamheter. VĂ„rt forskningsproblem har sin grund i de berĂ€ttelser vi har fĂ„tt frĂ„n förskolepersonal, som uttryckt att det finns svĂ„righeter mellan förskolans och förskoleklassens samverkan kring övergĂ„ngar. Det tyckte vi var intressant men att gĂ„ vidare kĂ€ndes övermĂ€ktigt med tanke pĂ„ vĂ„rt tidsspann pĂ„ tvĂ„ mĂ„nader. DĂ€remot stannade vi kvar i tankarna om övergĂ„ngen frĂ„n förskola till förskoleklass. IstĂ€llet för att utgĂ„ ifrĂ„n vĂ„rdnadshavarnas och pedagogernas berĂ€ttelser sĂ„ valde vi att undersöka utifrĂ„n ett barnperspektiv med hjĂ€lp av barns berĂ€ttelser om övergĂ„ngen till förskoleklass. Syftet med denna studie Ă€r att undersöka barns berĂ€ttelser och förvĂ€ntningar om övergĂ„ngen frĂ„n förskola till förskoleklass. Vilka kĂ€nslouttryck finns i barnens berĂ€ttelser? Hur kan en övergĂ„ng till förskoleklass upplevas av förskolebarn? Vi har gjort en kvalitativ studie, dĂ€r vi har intervjuat och fört fĂ€ltanteckningar för att besvara syftet. Intervjuerna gjordes i fokusgrupper med fem deltagare Ă„t gĂ„ngen dĂ€r de fick frĂ„gor kring övergĂ„ngen till förskoleklass. Analysen av empirin har gjorts med hjĂ€lp av tematisk analys för att fĂ„ en klar bild över empirin. EfterĂ„t har materialet reducerats för att besvara syftet. VĂ„rt teoretiska ramverk har gett oss verktyg för att analysera empirin och besvara vĂ„rt syfte. VĂ„rt resultat visar att det finns likheter i barns berĂ€ttelser om hur de upplever övergĂ„ngen. Vidare visar vĂ„rt resultat att pedagoger har en central roll över hur barn kan kĂ€nna inför övergĂ„ngen. VĂ„r studie har bidragit till en inblick kring hur barnen upplever övergĂ„ngen till förskoleklass

    ÖvergĂ„ngar frĂ„n förskola till förskoleklass. - En undersökning om barns berĂ€ttelser gĂ€llande övergĂ„ng till förskoleklass

    No full text
    ÖvergĂ„ngen frĂ„n förskolan till förskoleklass kan se olika ut i och mellan olika verksamheter. VĂ„rt forskningsproblem har sin grund i de berĂ€ttelser vi har fĂ„tt frĂ„n förskolepersonal, som uttryckt att det finns svĂ„righeter mellan förskolans och förskoleklassens samverkan kring övergĂ„ngar. Det tyckte vi var intressant men att gĂ„ vidare kĂ€ndes övermĂ€ktigt med tanke pĂ„ vĂ„rt tidsspann pĂ„ tvĂ„ mĂ„nader. DĂ€remot stannade vi kvar i tankarna om övergĂ„ngen frĂ„n förskola till förskoleklass. IstĂ€llet för att utgĂ„ ifrĂ„n vĂ„rdnadshavarnas och pedagogernas berĂ€ttelser sĂ„ valde vi att undersöka utifrĂ„n ett barnperspektiv med hjĂ€lp av barns berĂ€ttelser om övergĂ„ngen till förskoleklass. Syftet med denna studie Ă€r att undersöka barns berĂ€ttelser och förvĂ€ntningar om övergĂ„ngen frĂ„n förskola till förskoleklass. Vilka kĂ€nslouttryck finns i barnens berĂ€ttelser? Hur kan en övergĂ„ng till förskoleklass upplevas av förskolebarn? Vi har gjort en kvalitativ studie, dĂ€r vi har intervjuat och fört fĂ€ltanteckningar för att besvara syftet. Intervjuerna gjordes i fokusgrupper med fem deltagare Ă„t gĂ„ngen dĂ€r de fick frĂ„gor kring övergĂ„ngen till förskoleklass. Analysen av empirin har gjorts med hjĂ€lp av tematisk analys för att fĂ„ en klar bild över empirin. EfterĂ„t har materialet reducerats för att besvara syftet. VĂ„rt teoretiska ramverk har gett oss verktyg för att analysera empirin och besvara vĂ„rt syfte. VĂ„rt resultat visar att det finns likheter i barns berĂ€ttelser om hur de upplever övergĂ„ngen. Vidare visar vĂ„rt resultat att pedagoger har en central roll över hur barn kan kĂ€nna inför övergĂ„ngen. VĂ„r studie har bidragit till en inblick kring hur barnen upplever övergĂ„ngen till förskoleklass
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