Job-search strategies of individuals at risk of poverty and social exclusion in Spain

In Spain, the issue of unemployment or precarious employment worsen with globalization, leading to an expansion of the so-called working poor in the labour market.According to previous literature, the economic poverty that is characteristic of this group may accompany poverty competency.In particular, the working poor resort to informal and poorly developed job-searchstrategies.This study addresses the job search methods used by people at risk of poverty and social exclusion. It provides evidence on the subject and serves as a basis for the adaptation of socio-labour intermediation programmes to this group.The hypothesis of this study is that people at high risk will predominantly use informal strategies that require a low level of job-searchs kills.A survey-based correlational study is conducted using a questionnaire completed by 279 people participating in socio-labourinter mediation programmes developed by the Action against Hunger Foundation(AaHF) in Spain.Information on poverty indicators and on job-search strategies is collected.Data are analysed through cluster analysis,which distinguish two groups of people at risk of poverty and social exclusion(high risk and low risk),followed by a comparison of means(t-test)with a subsequent calculation of effect size using Cohen’s d. Results show statistically significant differences with a medium effect size(between 0.45 and 0.50)for the typology of job-search strategies used,confirming the initial hypothesis.These results offer relevant information that should be considered when developing programmes aimed at improving social and labour issues for people at risk of poverty and social exclusion.Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO- Government of Spain)European Regional Development Fund (ERDF-FEDER

Effectiveness of Virtual Reality for Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder: An Evidence-Based Systematic Review

[EN] Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disease that is specially characterized by impairments in social communication and social skills. ASD has a high prevalence in children, affecting 1 in 160 subjects. Virtual reality (VR) has emerged as an effective tool for intervention in the health field. Different recent papers have reviewed the VR-based treatments in ASD, but they have an important limitation because they only use clinical databases and do not include important technical indexes such as the Web of Science index or the Scimago Journal & Country Rank. To our knowledge, this is the first contribution that has carried out an evidence-based systematic review including both clinical and technical databases about the effectiveness of VR-based intervention in ASD. The initial search identified a total of 450 records. After the exclusion of the papers that are not studies, duplicated articles, and the screening of the abstract and full text, 31 articles met the PICO (Population, Intervention, Comparison and Outcomes) criteria and were selected for analysis. The studies examined suggest moderate evidence about the effectiveness of VR-based treatments in ASD. VR can add many advantages to the treatment of ASD symptomatology, but it is necessary to develop consistent validations in future studies to state that VR can effectively complement the traditional treatments.Mesa Gresa, P.; Gil Gómez, H.; Lozano Quilis, JA.; Gil-Gómez, J. (2018). Effectiveness of Virtual Reality for Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder: An Evidence-Based Systematic Review. Sensors. 18(8):1-15. https://doi.org/10.3390/s18082486S115188World Health Organizationhttp://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/autism-spectrum-disordersColombi, C., & Ghaziuddin, M. (2017). Neuropsychological Characteristics of Children with Mixed Autism and ADHD. Autism Research and Treatment, 2017, 1-5. doi:10.1155/2017/5781781Merriam-Websterhttps://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/virtual%20realityBird, M.-L., Cannell, J., Jovic, E., Rathjen, A., Lane, K., Tyson, A., … Smith, S. (2017). A Randomized Controlled Trial Investigating the Efficacy of Virtual Reality in Inpatient Stroke Rehabilitation. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 98(10), e27. doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2017.08.084Albiol-Pérez, S., Gil-Gómez, J.-A., Muñoz-Tomás, M.-T., Gil-Gómez, H., Vial-Escolano, R., & Lozano-Quilis, J.-A. (2017). The Effect of Balance Training on Postural Control in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease Using a Virtual Rehabilitation System. Methods of Information in Medicine, 56(02), 138-144. doi:10.3414/me16-02-0004Garcia-Palacios, A., Herrero, R., Vizcaíno, Y., Belmonte, M. A., Castilla, D., Molinari, G., … Botella, C. (2015). Integrating Virtual Reality With Activity Management for the Treatment of Fibromyalgia. The Clinical Journal of Pain, 31(6), 564-572. doi:10.1097/ajp.0000000000000196Bekelis, K., Calnan, D., Simmons, N., MacKenzie, T. A., & Kakoulides, G. (2017). Effect of an Immersive Preoperative Virtual Reality Experience on Patient Reported Outcomes. Annals of Surgery, 265(6), 1068-1073. doi:10.1097/sla.0000000000002094Orlosky, J., Itoh, Y., Ranchet, M., Kiyokawa, K., Morgan, J., & Devos, H. (2017). Emulation of Physician Tasks in Eye-Tracked Virtual Reality for Remote Diagnosis of Neurodegenerative Disease. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 23(4), 1302-1311. doi:10.1109/tvcg.2017.2657018Areces, D., Rodríguez, C., García, T., Cueli, M., & González-Castro, P. (2016). Efficacy of a Continuous Performance Test Based on Virtual Reality in the Diagnosis of ADHD and Its Clinical Presentations. Journal of Attention Disorders, 22(11), 1081-1091. doi:10.1177/1087054716629711Phé, V., Cattarino, S., Parra, J., Bitker, M.-O., Ambrogi, V., Vaessen, C., & Rouprêt, M. (2016). Outcomes of a virtual-reality simulator-training programme on basic surgical skills in robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery. The International Journal of Medical Robotics and Computer Assisted Surgery, 13(2), e1740. doi:10.1002/rcs.1740Pulijala, Y., Ma, M., Pears, M., Peebles, D., & Ayoub, A. (2018). Effectiveness of Immersive Virtual Reality in Surgical Training—A Randomized Control Trial. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 76(5), 1065-1072. doi:10.1016/j.joms.2017.10.002Jarrold, W., Mundy, P., Gwaltney, M., Bailenson, J., Hatt, N., McIntyre, N., … Swain, L. (2013). Social Attention in a Virtual Public Speaking Task in Higher Functioning Children With Autism. Autism Research, 6(5), 393-410. doi:10.1002/aur.1302Mishkind, M. C., Norr, A. M., Katz, A. C., & Reger, G. M. (2017). Review of Virtual Reality Treatment in Psychiatry: Evidence Versus Current Diffusion and Use. Current Psychiatry Reports, 19(11). doi:10.1007/s11920-017-0836-0Liu, X., Wu, Q., Zhao, W., & Luo, X. (2017). Technology-Facilitated Diagnosis and Treatment of Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder: An Engineering Perspective. Applied Sciences, 7(10), 1051. doi:10.3390/app7101051Van Bennekom, M. J., de Koning, P. P., & Denys, D. (2017). Virtual Reality Objectifies the Diagnosis of Psychiatric Disorders: A Literature Review. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 8. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00163Provoost, S., Lau, H. M., Ruwaard, J., & Riper, H. (2017). Embodied Conversational Agents in Clinical Psychology: A Scoping Review. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 19(5), e151. doi:10.2196/jmir.6553Lau, H. M., Smit, J. H., Fleming, T. M., & Riper, H. (2017). Serious Games for Mental Health: Are They Accessible, Feasible, and Effective? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 7. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2016.00209Parsons, S. (2016). Authenticity in Virtual Reality for assessment and intervention in autism: A conceptual review. Educational Research Review, 19, 138-157. doi:10.1016/j.edurev.2016.08.001Den Brok, W. L. J. E., & Sterkenburg, P. S. (2014). Self-controlled technologies to support skill attainment in persons with an autism spectrum disorder and/or an intellectual disability: a systematic literature review. Disability and Rehabilitation: Assistive Technology, 10(1), 1-10. doi:10.3109/17483107.2014.921248Ip, H. H. S., Wong, S. W. L., Chan, D. F. Y., Byrne, J., Li, C., Yuan, V. S. N., … Wong, J. Y. W. (2018). Enhance emotional and social adaptation skills for children with autism spectrum disorder: A virtual reality enabled approach. Computers & Education, 117, 1-15. doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2017.09.010Chen, C.-H., Lee, I.-J., & Lin, L.-Y. (2016). Augmented reality-based video-modeling storybook of nonverbal facial cues for children with autism spectrum disorder to improve their perceptions and judgments of facial expressions and emotions. Computers in Human Behavior, 55, 477-485. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2015.09.033Didehbani, N., Allen, T., Kandalaft, M., Krawczyk, D., & Chapman, S. (2016). Virtual Reality Social Cognition Training for children with high functioning autism. Computers in Human Behavior, 62, 703-711. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2016.04.033Lorenzo, G., Lledó, A., Pomares, J., & Roig, R. (2016). Design and application of an immersive virtual reality system to enhance emotional skills for children with autism spectrum disorders. Computers & Education, 98, 192-205. doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2016.03.018Wade, J., Zhang, L., Bian, D., Fan, J., Swanson, A., Weitlauf, A., … Sarkar, N. (2016). A Gaze-Contingent Adaptive Virtual Reality Driving Environment for Intervention in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders. ACM Transactions on Interactive Intelligent Systems, 6(1), 1-23. doi:10.1145/2892636Ke, F., & Lee, S. (2015). Virtual reality based collaborative design by children with high-functioning autism: design-based flexibility, identity, and norm construction. Interactive Learning Environments, 24(7), 1511-1533. doi:10.1080/10494820.2015.1040421Chen, C.-H., Lee, I.-J., & Lin, L.-Y. (2015). Augmented reality-based self-facial modeling to promote the emotional expression and social skills of adolescents with autism spectrum disorders. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 36, 396-403. doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2014.10.015Cheng, Y., Huang, C.-L., & Yang, C.-S. (2015). Using a 3D Immersive Virtual Environment System to Enhance Social Understanding and Social Skills for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders. Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, 30(4), 222-236. doi:10.1177/1088357615583473Kim, K., Rosenthal, M. Z., Gwaltney, M., Jarrold, W., Hatt, N., McIntyre, N., … Mundy, P. (2014). A Virtual Joy-Stick Study of Emotional Responses and Social Motivation in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 45(12), 3891-3899. doi:10.1007/s10803-014-2036-7Parsons, S. (2015). Learning to work together: Designing a multi-user virtual reality game for social collaboration and perspective-taking for children with autism. International Journal of Child-Computer Interaction, 6, 28-38. doi:10.1016/j.ijcci.2015.12.002Bai, Z., Blackwell, A. F., & Coulouris, G. (2015). Using Augmented Reality to Elicit Pretend Play for Children with Autism. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 21(5), 598-610. doi:10.1109/tvcg.2014.2385092Bekele, E., Crittendon, J., Zheng, Z., Swanson, A., Weitlauf, A., Warren, Z., & Sarkar, N. (2014). Assessing the Utility of a Virtual Environment for Enhancing Facial Affect Recognition in Adolescents with Autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 44(7), 1641-1650. doi:10.1007/s10803-014-2035-8Escobedo, L., Tentori, M., Quintana, E., Favela, J., & Garcia-Rosas, D. (2014). Using Augmented Reality to Help Children with Autism Stay Focused. IEEE Pervasive Computing, 13(1), 38-46. doi:10.1109/mprv.2014.19Finkelstein, S., Barnes, T., Wartell, Z., & Suma, E. A. (2013). Evaluation of the exertion and motivation factors of a virtual reality exercise game for children with autism. 2013 1st Workshop on Virtual and Augmented Assistive Technology (VAAT). doi:10.1109/vaat.2013.6786186Maskey, M., Lowry, J., Rodgers, J., McConachie, H., & Parr, J. R. (2014). Reducing Specific Phobia/Fear in Young People with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) through a Virtual Reality Environment Intervention. PLoS ONE, 9(7), e100374. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0100374Stichter, J. P., Laffey, J., Galyen, K., & Herzog, M. (2013). iSocial: Delivering the Social Competence Intervention for Adolescents (SCI-A) in a 3D Virtual Learning Environment for Youth with High Functioning Autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 44(2), 417-430. doi:10.1007/s10803-013-1881-0Bekele, E., Zheng, Z., Swanson, A., Crittendon, J., Warren, Z., & Sarkar, N. (2013). Understanding How Adolescents with Autism Respond to Facial Expressions in Virtual Reality Environments. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 19(4), 711-720. doi:10.1109/tvcg.2013.42Cai, Y., Chia, N. K. H., Thalmann, D., Kee, N. K. N., Zheng, J., & Thalmann, N. M. (2013). Design and Development of a Virtual Dolphinarium for Children With Autism. IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering, 21(2), 208-217. doi:10.1109/tnsre.2013.2240700Ke, F., & Im, T. (2013). Virtual-Reality-Based Social Interaction Training for Children with High-Functioning Autism. The Journal of Educational Research, 106(6), 441-461. doi:10.1080/00220671.2013.832999Lorenzo, G., Pomares, J., & Lledó, A. (2013). Inclusion of immersive virtual learning environments and visual control systems to support the learning of students with Asperger syndrome. Computers & Education, 62, 88-101. doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2012.10.028Modugumudi, Y. R., Santhosh, J., & Anand, S. (2013). Efficacy of Collaborative Virtual Environment Intervention Programs in Emotion Expression of Children with Autism. Journal of Medical Imaging and Health Informatics, 3(2), 321-325. doi:10.1166/jmihi.2013.1167Wang, M., & Reid, D. (2013). Using the Virtual Reality-Cognitive Rehabilitation Approach to Improve Contextual Processing in Children with Autism. The Scientific World Journal, 2013, 1-9. doi:10.1155/2013/716890Milne, M., Luerssen, M. H., Lewis, T. W., Leibbrandt, R. E., & Powers, D. M. W. (2010). Development of a virtual agent based social tutor for children with autism spectrum disorders. The 2010 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN). doi:10.1109/ijcnn.2010.5596584Loomes, R., Hull, L., & Mandy, W. P. L. (2017). What Is the Male-to-Female Ratio in Autism Spectrum Disorder? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 56(6), 466-474. doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2017.03.013Mesa-Gresa, P., Lozano, J. A., Llórens, R., Alcañiz, M., Navarro, M. D., & Noé, E. (2011). Clinical Validation of a Virtual Environment Test for Safe Street Crossing in the Assessment of Acquired Brain Injury Patients with and without Neglect. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 44-51. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-23771-3_4Spreij, L. A., Visser-Meily, J. M. A., van Heugten, C. M., & Nijboer, T. C. W. (2014). Novel insights into the rehabilitation of memory post acquired brain injury: a systematic review. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 8. doi:10.3389/fnhum.2014.00993Pietrzak, E., Pullman, S., & McGuire, A. (2014). Using Virtual Reality and Videogames for Traumatic Brain Injury Rehabilitation: A Structured Literature Review. Games for Health Journal, 3(4), 202-214. doi:10.1089/g4h.2014.001

Thermal switching of the scattering coefficients of terahertz surface plasmon polaritons impinging on a finite array of subwavelength grooves on semiconductor surfaces

8 págs.; 8 figs.; 1 tab. ; PACS number s : 73.20.Mf, 78.68. m, 65.40. b, 41.20.JbWe present a theoretical framework that allows us to investigate the scattering of terahertz surface plasmon polaritons (SPP's) by arrays of subwavelength grooves and ridges on semiconductors. The formulation is based on the reduced Rayleigh equation resulting upon imposing an impedance boundary condition. Guided by approximate estimations of the broadening with temperature of the first gap in the SPP dispersion relation in the case of indium antimonide samples with rectangular grooves, numerical calculations are carried out to determine the spectral dependence of all the SPP scattering channels (reflection, transmission, and radiation) in the immediate vicinity of that gap. The thermally induced switching of the SPP reflection and transmission nearby the lower SPP band edge is investigated as a function of groove parameters (size and number); near-field intensity maps are also presented. We thus shed light on the SPP scattering and switching physical mechanisms, thereby providing the most suitable experimental configurations. © 2006 The American Physical Society.This work was supported in part by the Spanish “Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia” Grant Nos. BFM2003-0427 and FIS2004-0108 and “Comunidad de Madrid” Grant MICROSERES and by the European Union Grant HPRN-CT- 2002-00206. The work of J.G.R. was supported by the “Stichting voor Fundamenteel Onderzoek der Materie” FOM, which is financially supported by the “Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek” NWO.Peer Reviewe

Assessing the relevance of higher education courses

The establishment of the European Higher Education Area has involved specifying lists of professional competencies that programs are expected to develop, and with this the need for procedures to measure how every course within a higher education program is aligned with the program’s competencies. We propose an instrument for characterizing this alignment, a process that we call assessing the relevance of a course. Using information from the course syllabus (objectives, contents and assessment scheme), our instrument produces indicators for characterizing the syllabus in terms of a competence list and for assessing its coherence. Because assessment involves quality, the results obtained can also be used to revise and improve the course syllabus. We illustrate this process with an example of a methods course from a mathematics teacher education program at a Spanish university

Customer relationship management (CRM): a bibliometric analysis

[EN] This is a bibliometric study of the publications about customer relationship management (CRM), as one of the nowadays most implemented and extended enterprise management software. The objective of this paper is twofold: on the one hand to analyse the impact and focus of influence of the different authors and entities that have been researching on CRM, and secondly to determine (based on the results of the bibliometric study of the publications on CRM) if it may be of interest to investigate and deepen the benefits and impact on CRM results as a modern and leading enterprise management solution. Bibliometrics is a fundamental field of information science that studies bibliographic material quantitatively. This study presents a bibliometric overview of CRM research using the web of science database, identifying the most prolific and influential journals, authors, institutions and countries, considering the period since 1900-2017.Guerola-Navarro, V.; Oltra Badenes, RF.; Gil Gómez, H.; Gil-Gómez, J. (2020). Customer relationship management (CRM): a bibliometric analysis. International Journal of Services Operations and Informatics. 10(3):242-268. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJSOI.2020.108988S24226810

Is Virtual Rehabilitation Technology Ready to Be Widely Integrated in the Rehabilitation Area? An IT Governance Perspective

[EN] In this work, the authors analyze virtual reality rehabilitation research on strokes in the past 8 years (2015-2022) from the perspective of Information Technology governance (how these initiatives sustain and extend organization strategy), using the "Four Ares" technique that is widely used in other sectors with a proven track record. Are we doing the right things? Are we doing them the right way? Are we getting them done well? Are we getting the benefits? Methods: The bibliography was exhaustively selected for evaluation considering these four questions, covering different aspects of existing evidence on this topic. Results: Some evidence of positive outcomes in patients with a stroke was found, and different approaches, types of measurement, platforms, and methods were analyzed to discern the present situation of research and recommendations. Conclusions: Positive outcomes on motor functions and on motivation and patient adherence to the treatment suggests this is an interesting field to research and examine in the future. Homogeneity on research design and larger samples are key to improving evidence and identifying the best strategies to use.Muria-Tarazón, JC.; Gil Gómez, H.; Mesa-Gresa, P.; Gil-Gómez, J. (2023). Is Virtual Rehabilitation Technology Ready to Be Widely Integrated in the Rehabilitation Area? An IT Governance Perspective. Applied Sciences. 13(8). https://doi.org/10.3390/app1308478613

Algorithm 939: Computation of the Marcum Q-function

Methods and an algorithm for computing the generalized Marcum Q.function (QƒÊ(x, y)) and the complementary function (PƒÊ(x, y)) are described. These functions appear in problems of different technical and scientific areas such as, for example, radar detection and communications, statistics and probability theory, where they are called the non-central chi-square or the non central gamma cumulative distribution functions. The algorithm for computing the Marcum functions combines different methods of evaluation in different regions: series expansions, integral representations, asymptotic expansions, and use of three-term homogeneous recurrence relations. A relative accuracy close to 10.12 can be obtained in the parameter region (x, y, ƒÊ) ¸ [0, A] ~ [0, A] ~ [1, A], A = 200, while for larger parameters the accuracy decreases (close to 10.11 for A = 1000 and close to 5 ~ 10.11 for A = 10000)

Evaluación de la sensibilidad de la escorrentía como función de los cambios en la temperatura y la precipitación sobre la cuenca del Río Magdalena

Debido a que la relación entre la escorrentía y la variabilidad climática es muy compleja, y dichasincertidumbres son aún mayores en el marco del cambio climático, este estudio pretende dar una idea del comportamiento del recurso hídrico al interior de la cuenca del río Magdalena ante los posibles cambios de variables climáticas como la precipitación y la temperatura. El análisis se centra en el establecimiento de una relación escorrentía-precipitación-temperatura empleando la Base de Datos de Precipitación y Temperatura del Aire de la Universidad de Delaware (University of Delaware Air Temperature y Precipitation, UD-ATP) y datos de medición de caudal en estaciones sobre el río. Se incluye además el cálculo de la elasticidad climática1 propuesta por Fu et al. (2007), y la estimación del caudal del río ante una de las proyecciones de cambio climático del IPCC-AR4 (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 4th Assessment Report) evaluada por 13 modelos de circulación global en el escenario A1B.Because the relationship between streamflow and climate variability is very complex, and the uncertainties are even greater in a climate change context, estimating relationships between the climatic conditions and the Magdalena river streamflow will give an idea about river behavior against the potential changes of climatic variables, particularly changes of both precipitation and temperature. The analysis is focused on the establishment of a streamflowprecipitation- temperature relationship using the Database University of Delaware Air Temperature y Precipitation (UD-ATP) and streamflow stations on the river. The study includes the calculation of the climate elasticity defined by Fu et al. (2007), and the estimation of the river streamflow against one of the projections of climate change by IPCC-AR4 (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 4th Assessment Report) evaluated by 13 global circulation models in the A1B scenario.Ingeniero (a) CivilPregrad

The Effect of Balance Training on Postural Control in Patients with Parkinson s Disease Using a Virtual Rehabilitation System

[EN] Objectives: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor clinical alterations among others. Postural problems have serious consequences for patients, not only limiting their daily life but also increasing some risks, like the risk of fall. Inadequate postural control and postural instability is a major problem in PD patients. A Virtual Motor Rehabilitation System (VMR) has been tested in patients with PD in the intervention period. Our pur-pose was to analyze the evolution of the spatial postural control during the intervention period, to see if there are any changes caused precisely by this intervention. Methods: Ten people with PD carried out 15 virtual rehabilitation sessions. We tested a groundbreaking system based on Virtual Motor Rehabilitation in two periods of time (baseline evaluation and final evaluation). In the training sessions, the participants performed a customizable treatment using a low-cost system, the Active Balance Rehabilitation system (ABAR). We stored the pressure performed by the participants every five hundredths of a second, and we analyzed the patients' pressure when they maintained their body on the left, on the right, and in the center in sitting position. Our system was able to measure postural control in every patient in each of the virtual rehabilitation sessions. Results: There are no significant differences in the performance of postural control in any of the positions evaluated throughout the sessions. Moreover, the results show a trend to an improvement in all positions. This improvement is especially remarkable in the left/right positions, which are the most important positions in order to avoid problems such as the risk of fall. With regard to the suitability of the ABAR system, we have found outstanding results in enjoyment, success, clarity, and helpfulness. Conclusions: Although PD is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, the results demonstrate that patients with PD maintain or even improve their postural control in all positions. We think that the main factor influencing these results is that patients use more of their available cognitive processing to improve their postural control. The ABAR system allows us to make this assumption because the system requires the continuous attention of patients, promoting cognitive processing.This contribution was partially funded by the Gobierno de Aragon, Departamento de Industria e Innovacion, y Fondo Social Europeo "Construyendo Europa desde Aragon" and by the Programa Ibercaja-CAI de Estancias de Investigacion.Albiol-Perez, S.; Gil-Gómez, J.; Muñoz-Tomás, M.; Gil Gómez, H.; Vial Escolano, R.; Lozano Quilis, JA. (2017). The Effect of Balance Training on Postural Control in Patients with Parkinson s Disease Using a Virtual Rehabilitation System. Methods of Information in Medicine. 56(2):138-144. https://doi.org/10.3414/ME16-02-0004S138144562Schwartze, M., & Kotz, S. A. (2016). Regional Interplay for Temporal Processing in Parkinson’s Disease: Possibilities and Challenges. Frontiers in Neurology, 6. doi:10.3389/fneur.2015.00270Nussbaum RL, Ellis CE. Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. N Engl J Med. 2003; 348(14): 1356-1364. Erratum in: N Engl J Med. 2003; 348(25): 2588Pringsheim, T., Jette, N., Frolkis, A., & Steeves, T. D. L. (2014). The prevalence of Parkinson’s disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Movement Disorders, 29(13), 1583-1590. doi:10.1002/mds.25945De Lau, L. M., & Breteler, M. M. (2006). Epidemiology of Parkinson’s disease. The Lancet Neurology, 5(6), 525-535. doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(06)70471-9King, L. A., Priest, K. 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