Élites locales y sus bases sociales en la América Portuguesa : una tentativa de aplicación de las análisis de redes sociales

As análises de redes sociais (social network analysis) foram desenvolvidas para o estudo das relações existentes entre os agentes, de forma a demonstrar com maior clareza as teias que se formam nas interações humanas. Tal metodologia de análise dá especial atenção às conexões sociais, sejam estas de parentesco, amizade, afinidade, ou quaisquer outros tipos indicados pelo pesquisador que, além de definir a qualidade das relações, aponta sua intensidade, baseado em critérios pré-estabelecidos. Para testar esta metodologia, vamos lançar mão de um caso particular, uma parcela da elite da Capitania do Rio Grande de São Pedro, sul da América Portuguesa, em finais do século XVIII. Neste trabalho, identificamos a existência de um “bando” na fronteira sul do Estado do Brasil, com forte atuação no contrabando. A metodologia empregada e o gráfico gerado foram relevantes, não apenas para a testar algumas hipóteses, mas também para a identificação de novos problemas.Los análisis de redes sociales (social network analysis) fueron desarrollados para el estudio de las relaciones existentes entre los agentes, para demostrar con claridad los vínculos que se forman en las interacciones humanas. Esta metodología de análisis pone especial interés en las conexiones sociales, sean de parentesco, amistad u otras formas indicadas por el investigador que, además de definir la calidad de las relaciones, apunta su intensidad, basado en criterios relevantes. Para evaluar esta metodología, se elegió un caso particular, una parte de la élite de la Capitania de Rio Grande de São Pedro, ubicada en el sur de la América Portuguesa, a finales del siglo XVIII. En este estudio, identificamos la existencia de un bando en la frontera sur del Estado de Brasil, con fuerte actuación en el contrabando. La metodología empleada y un esquema gráfico generado fueron significativos, no solo para testar algunas hipótesis, pero también para plantear nuevos problemas

Alternative ways of data visualization in history : some research notes

O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar algumas inquietações teóricas e metodológicas sobre a forma como os historiadores representam o conhecimento histórico, dando especial atenção ao uso de gráficos interativos, mapas dinâmicos e animações. Se o objeto do conhecimento histórico tem diferentes movimentos, distintas intensidades, por que seria o papel impresso o principal (senão único) veículo de divulgação deste conhecimento? Diante de objeto tão escorregadio e de difícil apreensão, os historiadores optaram, desde o século XIX até o presente, por narrar (através da escrita) as dinâmicas sociais, sem preocupação com formas alternativas de representação. Muito recentemente, o fenômeno das mídias digitais e da internet trouxe inspiração para os profissionais do tempo social, permitindo algumas experiências inovadoras. É sobre algumas destas experiências que o texto tratará.The paper presents some theoretical and methodological inquiries about the ways in which historians produced historical scholarship, emphasizing the use of interactive graphs, dynamic maps and animations. If the object of historical research has different flows and diverse intensities, why would be the written paper the main (if not the only) mean of publishing historical knowledge? Historians have chosen, since the nineteenth century, to narrate through writing the social dynamics of the past, barely exploring alternatives ways of representation. Recently, new digital platforms have been inspiring historians and social scientists interested in the historical time to produce some groundbreaking experiments. These experiments, thus, are the object of this paper

Dietary supplementation with chestnut (Castanea sativa) reduces abdominal adiposity in FVB/n mice: a preliminary study

The production of chestnut (Castanea sativa Miller) is mostly concentrated in Europe. Chestnut is recognized by its high content of antioxidants and phytosterols. This work aimed to evaluate the e ects of dietary chestnut consumption over physiological variables of FVB/n mice. Eighteen FVB/n male 7-month-old mice were randomly divided into three experimental groups (n = 6): 1 (control group) fed a standard diet; 2 fed a diet supplemented with 0.55% (w/w) chestnut; and 3 supplemented with 1.1% (w/w) chestnut. Body weight, water, and food intake were recorded weekly. Following 35 days of supplementation, the mice were sacrificed for the collection of biological samples. Chestnut supplementation at 1.1% reduced abdominal adipose tissue. Lower serum cholesterol was also observed in animals supplemented with chestnut. There were no significant di erences concerning the incidence of histological lesions nor in biochemical markers of hepatic damage and oxidative stress. These results suggest that chestnut supplementation may contribute to regulate adipose tissue deposition.This work is supported by National Funds by FCT - Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology, under the project UIDB/04033/2020, CIMO (UIDB/00690/2020) and UIDB/CVT/00772/2020 Interreg Program for the financial support of the Project IBERPHENOL, Project Number 0377_IBERPHENOL_6_E; co-financed by European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through POCTEP 2014-2020. This work was also supported by VALORIZEBYPRODUCTS Project, reference n.º 029152, funded by Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) and co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) through COMPETE 2020 - Operational Competitiveness and Internationalization Programme (POCI). This work was also financially supported by Project UID/EQU/00511/2019 - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy – LEPABE funded by national funds through FCT/MCTES (PIDDAC) and Project “LEPABE-2-ECO-INNOVATION” – NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000005, funded by Norte Portugal Regional Operational Programme (NORTE 2020), under PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), by the Research Centre of the Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto (CI-IPOP 37-2016) and by the Interact R&D project, operation number NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000017, in its ISAC research line, co-financed by the ERDF through NORTE 2020. This work was also supported by PhD fellowship SFRH/BD/136747/2018.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Prototype of an affordable pressure-controlled emergency mechanical ventilator for COVID-19

We present a viable prototype of a simple mechanical ventilator intended as a last resort to ventilate COVID-19 patients. The prototype implements the pressure-controlled continuous mandatory ventilation mode (PC-CMV) with settable breathing rates, inspiration/expiration time ratios and FiO2 modulation. Although safe, the design aims to minimize the use of technical components and those used are common in industry, so its construction may be possible in times of logistical shortage or disruption or in areas with reduced access to technical materials and at a moderate cost, affordable to lower income countries. Most of the device can be manufactured by modest technical means and construction plans are provided.Comment: This version differs from version 2 in that it includes toxicological and bio-safety tests and updated electronic

Toxicological and anti-tumor effects of a linden extract (Tilia platyphyllos Scop.) in a HPV16-transgenic mouse model

Tilia platyphyllos Scop. is a popular broad-leaved tree, native to Central and Southern Europe. Hydroethanolic extracts rich in phenolic compounds obtained from T. platyphyllos Scop. have shown in vitro antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antitumor properties. The aim of this work was to evaluate the therapeutic properties of a hydroethanolic extract obtained from T. platyphyllos in HPV16-transgenic mice. The animals were divided into eight groups according to their sex and phenotype. Four groups of female: HPV+ exposed to linden (HPV linden; n = 6), HPV+ (HPV water; n = 4), HPV- exposed to linden (WT linden; n = 5) and HPV- (WT water; n = 4) and four groups of male: HPV+ exposed to linden (HPV linden; n = 5), HPV+ (HPV water; n = 5), HPV- exposed to linden (WT linden; n = 5) and HPV- (WT water; n = 7). The linden (Tilia platyphyllos Scop.) extract was orally administered at a dose of 4.5 mg/10 mL per animal (dissolved in water) and changed daily for 33 days. The hydroethanolic extract of T. platyphyllos consisted of protocatechuic acid and (-)-epicatechin as the most abundant phenolic acid and flavonoid, respectively, and was found to be stable during the studied period. In two male groups a significant positive weight gain was observed but without association with the linden extract. Histological, biochemical, and oxidative stress analyses for the evaluation of kidney and liver damage support the hypothesis that the linden extract is safe and well-tolerated under the present experimental conditions. Skin histopathology does not demonstrate the chemopreventive effect of the linden extract against HPV16-induced lesions. The linden extract has revealed a favourable toxicological profile; however, additional studies are required to determine the chemopreventive potential of the linden extract. This journal isThis work was supported by the project IBERPHENOL, project number 0377_IBERPHENOL_6_E; Interact R&D project, operation number NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000017, National Funds by FCT – Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology, under the project UIDB/04033/2020 (CITAB), and project UIDB/ CVT/00772/2020 (CECAV) and the post-graduation grant SFRH/ BD/136747/2018 and 2020.04789.BD; the authors are also grateful to FCT, Portugal and FEDER under programme PT2020 for financial support to CIMO (UIDB/00690/2020) and L. Barros acknowledges the national funding by FCT, P. I., through the institutional scientific employment program-contract. The authors would like to thank Cantinho das Aromáticas organic farmers from Vila Nova de Gaia (Portugal) for providing the samples. This work was financially supported by: Base Funding - UIDB/00511/2020 of the Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy – LEPABE - funded by national funds through the FCT/MCTES (PIDDAC).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Does the white coat influence satisfaction, trust and empathy in the doctor-patient relationship in the General and Family Medicine consultation? Interventional study

Objectives To understand the influence of the white coat on patient satisfaction, opinions about medical clothing, perception about confidence, empathy and medical knowledge and the satisfaction and comfort level of physicians in consultation. Setting An interventional study was conducted with a representative sample of the population attending primary care in central Portugal. Participants The sample was composed by 286 patients divided into two groups exposed or not to a doctor wearing a white coat. The first and last patients in consultation every day for 10 consecutive days were included. Interventions Every other day the volunteer physicians consulted with or without the use of a white coat. At the end of the consultation, a questionnaire was distributed to the patient with simple questions with a Likert scale response, the Portuguese version of the ‘Trust in physician’ scale and the Jefferson Scale of Patient Perceptions of Physician Empathy - Portuguese Version (JSPPPE-VP scale). A questionnaire was also distributed to the physician. Outcomes Planned and measured primary outcomes were patient satisfaction, trust and perception about empathy and secondary outcomes were opinion about medical clothing, satisfaction and comfort level of physicians in consultation. Results The sample was homogeneous in terms of sociodemographic variables. There were no statistically significant differences between the groups in terms of satisfaction, trust, empathy and knowledge perceived by the patients. There were differences in the opinion of the patients about the white coat, and when the physician was wearing the white coat this group of patients tended to think that this was the only acceptable attire for the physician (p<0.001). But when the family physician was in consultation without the white coat, this group of patients tended to agree that communication was easier (p=0.001). Conclusions There was no significant impact of the white coat in patient satisfaction, empathy and confidence in the family physician. Trial registration number ClinicalTrials. gov ID number: NCT0396541

Orla. Experimentações em narrativa sequencial

ORLA é uma exposição e uma publicação online que resultam de alguns trabalhos propostos pelos alunos, em consequência de exercícios e reflexões realizados no contexto da UC Ilustração e Narrativa Visual, do 1 ° semestre do 1 ° ano da Licenciatura em Artes Plásticas.Uma orla, como uma cercadura envolvendo explorações realizadas num contexto de procura, momentos de descoberta de possibilidades e caminhos próprios, inserindo-se como um pequeno passo (entre tantos outros) a favor de processos de reflexão, de criação de direções próprias de cada aluno. O que é criado, como é criado e o que daí é visualizado. Entre visões e processos ligados à comunicação e/ou à exploração direcionada. Reflexões e experimentações em ilustração e narrativa sequencial com diferentes grafismos e materialidades. a favor de narrativa e/ou poética em objetos. Relacionar imagens e sub-imagens, ilustrações e vinhetas, pistas e direções. Relacionar o que acontece na vinheta e o que acontece fora da vinheta, o que surge no enquadramento, o todo , e os elementos que o compõem. Criar foco. Tentativas e erros como parte de percursos que estão no seu início.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

MAMMALS IN PORTUGAL : A data set of terrestrial, volant, and marine mammal occurrences in P ortugal

Mammals are threatened worldwide, with 26% of all species being includedin the IUCN threatened categories. This overall pattern is primarily associatedwith habitat loss or degradation, and human persecution for terrestrial mam-mals, and pollution, open net fishing, climate change, and prey depletion formarine mammals. Mammals play a key role in maintaining ecosystems func-tionality and resilience, and therefore information on their distribution is cru-cial to delineate and support conservation actions. MAMMALS INPORTUGAL is a publicly available data set compiling unpublishedgeoreferenced occurrence records of 92 terrestrial, volant, and marine mam-mals in mainland Portugal and archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira thatincludes 105,026 data entries between 1873 and 2021 (72% of the data occur-ring in 2000 and 2021). The methods used to collect the data were: live obser-vations/captures (43%), sign surveys (35%), camera trapping (16%),bioacoustics surveys (4%) and radiotracking, and inquiries that represent lessthan 1% of the records. The data set includes 13 types of records: (1) burrowsjsoil moundsjtunnel, (2) capture, (3) colony, (4) dead animaljhairjskullsjjaws, (5) genetic confirmation, (6) inquiries, (7) observation of live animal (8),observation in shelters, (9) photo trappingjvideo, (10) predators dietjpelletsjpine cones/nuts, (11) scatjtrackjditch, (12) telemetry and (13) vocalizationjecholocation. The spatial uncertainty of most records ranges between 0 and100 m (76%). Rodentia (n=31,573) has the highest number of records followedby Chiroptera (n=18,857), Carnivora (n=18,594), Lagomorpha (n=17,496),Cetartiodactyla (n=11,568) and Eulipotyphla (n=7008). The data setincludes records of species classified by the IUCN as threatened(e.g.,Oryctolagus cuniculus[n=12,159],Monachus monachus[n=1,512],andLynx pardinus[n=197]). We believe that this data set may stimulate thepublication of other European countries data sets that would certainly contrib-ute to ecology and conservation-related research, and therefore assisting onthe development of more accurate and tailored conservation managementstrategies for each species. There are no copyright restrictions; please cite thisdata paper when the data are used in publications.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Mammals in Portugal: a data set of terrestrial, volant, and marine mammal occurrences in Portugal

Mammals are threatened worldwide, with ~26% of all species being included in the IUCN threatened categories. This overall pattern is primarily associated with habitat loss or degradation, and human persecution for terrestrial mammals, and pollution, open net fishing, climate change, and prey depletion for marine mammals. Mammals play a key role in maintaining ecosystems functionality and resilience, and therefore information on their distribution is crucial to delineate and support conservation actions. MAMMALS IN PORTUGAL is a publicly available data set compiling unpublished georeferenced occurrence records of 92 terrestrial, volant, and marine mammals in mainland Portugal and archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira that includes 105,026 data entries between 1873 and 2021 (72% of the data occurring in 2000 and 2021). The methods used to collect the data were: live observations/captures (43%), sign surveys (35%), camera trapping (16%), bioacoustics surveys (4%) and radiotracking, and inquiries that represent less than 1% of the records. The data set includes 13 types of records: (1) burrows | soil mounds | tunnel, (2) capture, (3) colony, (4) dead animal | hair | skulls | jaws, (5) genetic confirmation, (6) inquiries, (7) observation of live animal (8), observation in shelters, (9) photo trapping | video, (10) predators diet | pellets | pine cones/nuts, (11) scat | track | ditch, (12) telemetry and (13) vocalization | echolocation. The spatial uncertainty of most records ranges between 0 and 100 m (76%). Rodentia (n =31,573) has the highest number of records followed by Chiroptera (n = 18,857), Carnivora (n = 18,594), Lagomorpha (n = 17,496), Cetartiodactyla (n = 11,568) and Eulipotyphla (n = 7008). The data set includes records of species classified by the IUCN as threatened (e.g., Oryctolagus cuniculus [n = 12,159], Monachus monachus [n = 1,512], and Lynx pardinus [n = 197]). We believe that this data set may stimulate the publication of other European countries data sets that would certainly contribute to ecology and conservation-related research, and therefore assisting on the development of more accurate and tailored conservation management strategies for each species. There are no copyright restrictions; please cite this data paper when the data are used in publications