Política de salário mínimo e seus efeitos sobre o mercado de trabalho metropolitano brasileiro

Esta dissertação teve como principal objetivo analisar os efeitos do salário mínimo sobre o mercado de trabalho metropolitano brasileiro. Mais especificamente, buscou-se verificar os efeitos do salário mínimo sobre o deslocamento de mão-de-obra para os estados de desemprego, informalidade e inatividade, considerando quatro Regiões Metropolitanas separadamente (Recife, Porto Alegre, Rio de Janeiro e São Paulo) no período de agosto de 1994 a dezembro de 2002. Determinou-se o sentido, a direção, a intensidade e a duração em que alterações no valor do salário mínimo real são transmitidas ao grau de informalidade, à taxa de desemprego e à taxa de atividade, através da estimação dos coeficientes de relações contemporâneas e das funções de impulso-resposta. O modelo proposto foi implementado utilizando-se testes de raiz unitária de Dickey-Fuller ampliado (ADF), de co-integração de Johansen e Juselius e método de Auto-Regressão Vetorial (VAR). Os resultados apontam para inter-relações contemporâneas semelhantes, porém, nem sempre estatisticamente significativas, quando se compara o desempenho de cada Região Metropolitana. Inter-relações contemporâneas negativas entre salário mínimo e grau de informalidade são observadas para as Regiões Metropolitanas do Recife e São Paulo, dando-se na direção oposta para Porto Alegre e Rio de Janeiro. Inter-relações entre salário mínimo e taxa de desemprego se deram de forma positiva para todas as regiões consideradas, isto é, assim como em alguns modelos teóricos, as evidências empíricas apontam para elevação na taxa de desemprego a partir de aumento no salário mínimo. Considerando inter-relações contemporâneas entre salário mínimo e taxa de atividade, observou-se o mesmo sentido na relação causal para as regiões consideradas, verificando que elevação no salário mínimo aumenta a taxa de atividade, ou seja, ocorre ingresso de mão-de-obra no mercado de trabalho. Nas funções de impulso-resposta, os resultados mais significativos também se diferenciam por Regiões Metropolitanas. No Recife e em São Paulo, um choque no salário mínimo afeta mais significativamente a taxa de desemprego, de forma que esta reage positivamente por quatro meses. Para as Regiões Metropolitanas do Rio de Janeiro e de Porto Alegre o impacto no salário mínimo se dá de maneira mais regular sobre o grau de informalidade e a taxa de atividade, ambas reagindo de forma positiva por 5 meses. Na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo todas as 3 variáveis se comportam de maneira regular ao impacto no salário mínimo, sendo que as taxas de desemprego e de atividade reagem de forma positiva, enquanto que grau de informalidade diminui.

Kidney involvement in yellow fever: a review

Yellow fever is one of the most important mosquito-borne diseases, which still affects a significant number of people every year, mainly in tropical countries. Mortality can be high, even with intensive treatment due to multiple organ failure, including acute kidney injury (AKI). This disease can also be a burden on the health care system in developing countries, without mentioning the number of lives that could be spared with an early diagnosis and adequate monitoring and treatment. The pathophysiology of yellow fever-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) is still to be completely understood, and the best clinical approach has not yet been determined. This manuscript presents the most recent scientific evidence of kidney involvement in yellow fever, since AKI plays an important role in the mortality rate. Recent outbreaks have occurred in Brazil and further studies are required to provide a better clinical control for patients with yellow fever

Acute kidney injury due to excessive and prolonged intramuscular injection of veterinary supplements containing vitamins A, D and E: A series of 16 cases

AbstractBackgroundDespite well-documented risks, injectable supplements containing high doses of vitamins are commonly used.ObjectivesTo describe acute kidney injury (AKI) as a complication of vitamin intoxication.MethodsOur series consisted of 16 patients with kidney complications resulting from the use of veterinary intramuscular injection supplements of vitamin A, D and E. The patients were admitted to two referral hospitals in Fortaleza (Brazil) between January 2010 and January 2015.ResultsPatients’ mean age was 28.3±8.9 years (19–53 years), and 11 (68.7%) were male. Main signs and symptoms upon admission were nausea (68.7%), vomiting (62.5%), weight loss (43.7%), epigastric pain (31.2%) and headache (31.2%). At hospital admission the mean laboratory values were: hemoglobin 10±2.0g/dL (6.1–14.2), leukocytes 10,542±4871/mm3 (4100–15,100), creatinine 3.9±5.2mg/dL (0.7–22) and urea 91±88mg/dL (22–306), respectively. Serum calcium was 12±2.2mg/dL (8.8–15.5), 24-h urine calcium was 575±329mg (10.7–1058), serum PTH was 55±141pg/mL (2–406), and serum vitamin D concentration was 135±75ng/mL (22–265). Using KDIGO criteria, AKI was diagnosed in 13 patients (81.2%), classified as stage 1 (n=3), stage 2 (n=3) or stage 3 (n=7). No deaths occurred in the study period.ConclusionsExcessive use of veterinary vitamin supplements containing high doses of vitamin A, D and E was associated with AKI. Hypercalcaemia, which was a common finding, appears to be a contributing factor to the development of this type of AKI

Association between dietary patterns and renal function in a cross-sectional study using baseline data from the ELSA-Brasil cohort

Previous analyses of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil) identified four main dietary patterns (DP). The aim of this study was to explore the association between the previously defined DP and renal function (RF). A crosssectional study using the ELSA-Brasil baseline data was carried out. DP (‘‘traditional’’, ‘‘fruits and vegetables’’, ‘‘bakery’’, and ‘‘low sugar/low fat), metabolic syndrome (MS) using the Joint Interim Statement criteria, microalbuminuria (MA), and glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) through the CKD-EPI equation were evaluated. Abnormal RF was defined as eGFRo60 mL min–1 (1.73 m2 ) –1 and MAX3.0 mg/dL. Factors associated with RF were determined and mediation analysis was performed to investigate the association between DP, MS, and RF. A total of 15,105 participants were recruited, with a mean age of 52±9 years; 8,134 participants (54%) were females. The mediation analysis identified indirect associations between ‘‘bakery’’ and ‘‘fruits and vegetables’’, and both were associated with decreased eGFR and albuminuria in both genders, compared with ‘‘traditional’’ and ‘‘low sugar/low fat’’ patterns in the general population. There was a direct association of the ‘‘bakery’’ pattern with MA in men (OR: 1.17, 95%CI: 1.92–1.48). The ‘‘fruits and vegetables’’ pattern also showed a direct association with reduced eGFR in women (OR: 1.65, 95%CI: 1.28–2.12), although there was no significance after adjustment. The ‘‘fruits and vegetables’’ and ‘‘bakery’’ DPs were associated with renal dysfunction. The only independent, direct association was between ‘‘bakery’’ DP and MA in men, raising concerns about DP and renal damage in men

Brazilian consensus on guidelines for diagnosis and treatment for restless legs syndrome

The Consensus on restless legs syndrome is an effort of neurologists from several Brazilian states, which tirelessly reviewed the literature of recent years in search of evidence, both in regard to diagnosis and treatment, according to the Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine.Serv Neurol & Neurocirurgia, Passo Fundo, RS, BrazilUniv São Paulo, Fac Med Ribeirao Preto, BR-14049 Ribeirao Preto, SP, BrazilClin Carlos Bacelar, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Psicobiol, São Paulo, BrazilHosp Moinhos Vento, BR-90560030 Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Neurol, São Paulo, BrazilHosp Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, BrazilUniv Fed Alagoas, Fac Med, Maceio, AL, BrazilUniv Fed Pernambuco, Recife, PE, BrazilClin Rio Sono, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrazilUniv São Paulo, Fac Med, Hosp Clin, São Paulo, BrazilPontificia Univ Catolica Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilUniv Brasilia, Fac Med, Brasilia, DF, BrazilHosp Clin Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilProSSono Ctr Med Sono, Ribeirao Preto, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Psicobiol, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Neurol, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio