La judiciarisation des patients psychiatriques : éléments de réflexion et applications pratiques

Parmi les solutions possibles en réponse aux gestes violents des patients psychiatriques, la judiciarisation demeure une alternative souvent méconnue qui peut pourtant s'avérer bénéfique et efficace. Comment choisir de façon éclairée, la judiciarisation face à la violence de certains patients ? Lorsque l'on opte pour cette voie, comment s'applique-t-elle et quelles sont les démarches à suivre ? Pour répondre à ces questions, il nous est apparu essentiel d'engager d'abord une réflexion plus globale sur l'utilisation de la sanction en psychiatrie. Nous évoquons ensuite les avantages et les inconvénients du processus de judiciarisation. Finalement, nous présentons les modalités d'application de la judiciarisation telles qu'elles ont été conçues et réfléchies à la clinique de dangerosité de l'Institut Philippe Pinel de Montréal.Prosecution of psychiatric patients: elements of reflections and practical applications Among possible solutions in response to violent behaviours of psychiatric patients, prosecution might not be an alternative as well-known. This measure may be potentially beneficial for patients. How can prosecution be chosen as an option when faced with violent patients? When this option is considered, how should it be applied and what are the different steps to follow? To answer these questions, it appeared essential to first proceed to a comprehensive reflection on the recourse of sanction in psychiatry. We then describe advantages and disadvantages of the judicial process. Finally, we illustrate applications as they were conceived and elaborated at the Clinique de dangerosité de l'Institut Philippe Pinel de Montréal.La judiciarisación de patientes siquiátricos: Elementos de reflexión y aplicacíones practicas Entre las soluciones posibles para responder a los gestos violentos de los patientes siquiátricos, la judiciarisación queda una alternativa frecuentemente desconocida la cual puede sin embargo revelarse benéfica y eficaz. ¿Como escoger de manera iluminada la judiciarisación frente a la violencia de ciertos patientes? Cuando se opta por este camino, ¿como se aplica y cuales son los pasos a seguir? Para responder a estas preguntas, nos pareció esencial empeñar primero una reflexión más global sobre la utilisación de la sanción en siquiatría. Después, evocamos las ventajas y los inconvenientes del proceso de judiciarisación. Finalmente, presentamos las modalidades de aplicación de judiciarisación tal como han sido conceptualisadas y reflexionadas en la clinica de peligrosidad del Instituto Philippe Pinel de Montréal

Wood I-Joist Model Sensitivity to Oriented Strandboard Web Mechanical Properties

Research on wood I-joist design has often used laboratory testing, but simulation using the finite element method (FEM) offers advantages, including the possibility to separately study different joist components. The objective of this project was to perform a sensitivity analysis using FEM to determine which oriented strandboard (OSB) properties have higher impact on I-joist shear strain and deflection. OSB mechanical properties were changed from 50 to 200% of the reference value to determine their impact on web shear strain and I-joist deflection. The model was primarily sensitive to in-plane web shear stiffness, which changed I-joist deflection up to 23%. The model was also sensitive to the web tensile modulus of elasticity parallel and perpendicular to joist length and, to a lesser extent, to web shear stiffness. These properties changed I-joist deflection up to 2 and 1%, respectively. These findings will be used to plan future work to experimentally determine sensitive OSB web properties required to develop a finite element model of the mechanical behavior of wood I-joists

Comparison of Formulations for the Two-Level Uncapacitated Facility Location Problem with Single Assignment Constraints

International audienceWe consider the two-level uncapacitated facility location problem with single assignment constraints (TUFLP-S), an extension of the uncapacitated facility location problem. We present six mixed-integer programming models for the TUFLP-S based on reformulation techniques and on the relaxation of the integrality of some of the variables associated with location decisions. We compare the models by carrying out extensive computational experiments on large, hard, artificial instances, as well as on instances derived from an industrial application in freight transportation

Probing the Local Magnetic Structure of the [FeIII(Tp)(CN)3]- Building Block Via Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy, Polarized Neutron Diffraction, and First-Principle Calculations

International audienceThe local magnetic structure in the [Fe (Tp)(CN) ] building block was investigated by combining paramagnetic Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (pNMR) spectroscopy and polarized neutron diffraction (PND) with first-principle calculations. The use of the pNMR and PND experimental techniques revealed the extension of spin-density from the metal to the ligands, as well as the different spin mechanisms that take place in the cyanido ligands Spin-polarization on the carbon atoms and spin-delocalization on the nitrogen atoms. The results of our combined density functional theory (DFT) and multireference calculations were found in good agreement with the PND results and the experimental NMR chemical shifts. Moreover, the ab-initio calculations allowed us to connect the experimental spin-density map characterized by PND and the suggested distribution of the spin-density on the ligands observed by NMR spectroscopy. Interestingly, significant differences were observed between the pseudo-contact contributions of the chemical shifts obtained by theoretical calculations and the values derived from NMR spectroscopy using a simple point-dipole model. These discrepancies underline the limitation of the point-dipole model and the need for more elaborate approaches to break down the experimental pNMR chemical shifts into contact and pseudo-contact contributions

Anthropogenic boat noise reduces feeding success in winter flounder larvae (Pseudopleuronectes americanus)

The aim of this study was to explore an emerging discipline addressing the impact of anthropogenic noise on larval stages of marine organisms. We assessed the influence of boat noise on the feeding behaviour of the pelagic larvae of winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus, Walbaum, 1792). The hypothesis was that boat noise influences the feeding behaviour of P. americanus flounder larvae independently of prey density. Aquaria containing P. americanus larvae were placed in water baths in which boat noise was diffused for the “noise” treatment and compared to control aquaria with no sound emissions. Larvae were filmed using cameras placed above the aquaria and their behaviour was recorded. Larvae exposed to anthropogenic noise displayed significantly fewer hunting events than controls, and their stomach volumes were significantly smaller. This noise effect was the same at all prey densities used, suggesting that larval feeding behaviour is negatively impaired by anthropogenic noise. Keywords : Feeding behaviour ; Winter flounder ; Larvae ; Anthropogenic noise ; Vessel noise

Size-Controlled Hapticity Switching in [Ln(C9H9)(C8H8)][Ln(C_{9}H_{9})(C_{8}H_{8})] Sandwiches

Sandwich complexes of lanthanides have recently attracted a considerable amount of interest due to their applications as Single Molecule Magnet (SMM). Herein, a comprehensive series of heteroleptic lanthanide sandwich complexes ligated by the cyclononatetraenyl (Cnt) and the cyclooctatetraenyl (Cot) ligand [Ln(Cot)(Cnt)] (Ln=Tb, Dy, Er, Ho, Yb, and Lu) is reported. The coordination behavior of the Cnt ligand has been investigated along the series and shows different coordination patterns in the solid-state depending on the size of the corresponding lanthanide ion without altering its overall anisotropy. Besides the characterization in the solid state by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and in solution by $^{1}H$NMR, static magnetic studies and ab initio computational studies were performed

Normal zone propagation in various REBCO tape architectures

The normal zone propagation velocity (NZPV) of three families of REBCO tape architectures designed for superconducting fault current limiters and to be used in high voltage direct current transmission systems has been measured experimentally in liquid nitrogen at atmospheric pressure. The measured NZPVs span more than three orders of magnitude depending on the tape architectures. Numerical simulations based on finite elements allow us to reproduce the experiments well. The dynamic current transfer length (CTL) extracted from the numerical simulations was found to be the dominating characteristic length determining the NZPV instead of the thermal diffusion length. We therefore propose a simple analytical model, whose key parameters are the dynamic CTL, the heat capacity and the resistive losses in the metallic layers, to calculate the NZPV.The authors acknowledge the funding of this research by FASTGRID Project (EU-H2020, 721019), the Projects COACHSUPENERGY (MAT2014-51778-C2-1-R), SUMATE (RTI2018-095853-BC21 and RTI2018-095853-B-C22) from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness which were cofunded by the European Regional Development Fund, the Project 2017-SGR 753 from Generalitat de Catalunya and the COST Action NANOCOHYBRI (CA16218). Polytechnique Montréal authors also acknowledge NSERC (Canada), FRQNT (Québec), the RQMP infrastructure and CMC microsystems for financial support. ICMAB authors also acknowledge the Center of Excellence awards Severo Ochoa SEV-2015-0496 and CEX2019-000917-S.With funding from the Spanish government through the ‘Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence’ accreditation (CEX2019-000917-S).Peer reviewe

The GRAVITY+ Project: Towards All-sky, Faint-Science, High-Contrast Near-Infrared Interferometry at the VLTI

The GRAVITY instrument has been revolutionary for near-infrared interferometry by pushing sensitivity and precision to previously unknown limits. With the upgrade of GRAVITY and the Very Large Telescope Interferometer (VLTI) in GRAVITY+, these limits will be pushed even further, with vastly improved sky coverage, as well as faint-science and high-contrast capabilities. This upgrade includes the implementation of wide-field off-axis fringe-tracking, new adaptive optics systems on all Unit Telescopes, and laser guide stars in an upgraded facility. GRAVITY+ will open up the sky to the measurement of black hole masses across cosmic time in hundreds of active galactic nuclei, use the faint stars in the Galactic centre to probe General Relativity, and enable the characterisation of dozens of young exoplanets to study their formation, bearing the promise of another scientific revolution to come at the VLTI.Comment: Published in the ESO Messenge

Multiple star systems in the Orion nebula

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final fersion is available from EDP Sciences via the DOI in this record.This work presents an interferometric study of the massive-binary fraction in the Orion Trapezium cluster with the recently comissioned GRAVITY instrument. We observed a total of 16 stars of mainly OB spectral type. We find three previously unknown companions for θ1 Ori B, θ2 Ori B, and θ2 Ori C. We determined a separation for the previously suspected companion of NU Ori. We confirm four companions for θ1 Ori A, θ1 Ori C, θ1 Ori D, and θ2 Ori A, all with substantially improved astrometry and photometric mass estimates. We refined the orbit of the eccentric high-mass binary θ1 Ori C and we are able to derive a new orbit for θ1 Ori D. We find a system mass of 21.7 M⊙ and a period of 53 days. Together with other previously detected companions seen in spectroscopy or direct imaging, eleven of the 16 high-mass stars are multiple systems. We obtain a total number of 22 companions with separations up to 600 AU. The companion fraction of the early B and O stars in our sample is about two, significantly higher than in earlier studies of mostly OB associations. The separation distribution hints toward a bimodality. Such a bimodality has been previously found in A stars, but rarely in OB binaries, which up to this point have been assumed to be mostly compact with a tail of wider companions. We also do not find a substantial population of equal-mass binaries. The observed distribution of mass ratios declines steeply with mass, and like the direct star counts, indicates that our companions follow a standard power law initial mass function. Again, this is in contrast to earlier findings of flat mass ratio distributions in OB associations. We excluded collision as a dominant formation mechanism but find no clear preference for core accretion or competitive accretion.Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant AgreementFCT-PortugalERC Starting Gran