Virtual reality versus computer-aided exposure treatments for fear of flying

Evidence is growing that two modalities of computer-based exposure therapies—virtual reality and computer-aided psychotherapy—are effective in treating anxiety disorders, including fear of flying. However, they have not yet been directly compared. The aim of this study was to analyze the efficacy of three computer-based exposure treatments for fear of flying: virtual reality exposure therapy (VRET), computer-aided exposure with a therapist’s (CAE-T) assistance throughout exposure sessions, and self-administered computer-aided exposure (CAE-SA). A total of 60 participants with flying phobia were randomly assigned to VRET, CAE-T, or CAE-SA. Results indicate that the three interventions were effective in reducing fear of flying at posttreatment and at 1-year follow-up; furthermore, there were no significant differences between them in any of the outcome measure. Large within-group effect sizes were found for all three treatment conditions at both posttreatment and at follow-up. The results suggest that therapist involvement might be minimized during computer-based treatments and that CAE can be as effective as VRET in reducing fear of flyin

Transcripció de la taula rodona que va tenir lloc en el marc del IV Seminari de metodologia en neotoponímia i normalització lingüística

Abstract not availabl

Karst, acantilados y calas en el Migjorn de Menorca

[spa]La costa sur de la isla de Menorca se caracteriza por la presencia, de forma más o menos continua, de acantilados verticales cortados en los depósitos carbonatados que constituyen una plataforma atribuida al Mioceno superior. Los acantilados se encuentran interrumpidos en la zona litoral por una marcada incisión producida por los barrancos que drenan toda la plataforma miocena del sur de la isla y que, en su desembocadura al mar, dan lugar a las denominadas calas. La forma de éstas viene controlada no tan sólo por la fracturación, que a su vez controla la red de drenaje, sino que también por la contribución de los procesos kársticos que están directamente relacionados con la zona de mezcla de aguas en los acuíferos litorales. La acción de la dinámica marina y en especial la oscilación del nivel marino durante el Cuaternario también participan en la configuración de la morfología de la calas. Las paredes verticales y un fondo plano debido al relleno sedimentario de las zonas inundadas por el nivel del mar durante el Holoceno son otras de sus características básicas.[eng]A continuous cliffy coast built up by a carbonate platform developed in a reef environment during the Upper Miocene characterizes the southern region –Migjorn– of Menorca. This structural platform is dissected by a set of canyon-like creeks that when reach the coast result in narrow and cliffy bays known as “cala”. The cala morphology, as well as the fluvial network with a preferential N-S orientation–, is controlled mainly by fractures but also by the karstic processes that are dominant in the area. These processes are related with the mixing zone water interference in coastal aquifers. The marine action is also quite important, since sea-level oscillation during Quaternary, the shape and attributes of calas were modified, and the sedimentary infilling related with the Holocene inundation, resulted in a flat floor that contrasts with the cliffy sides of the calas

Las costas rocosas del Migjorn de Menorca: acantilados y calas

[spa]La zona meridional de Menorca (Migjorn) se caracteriza por ser una plataforma carbonatada desarrollada en un ambiente arrecifal durante el Mioceno superior. Está surcada por una serie de cursos torrenciales fuertemente encajados que en su desembocadura al mar dan lugar a una forma de bahía denominada “cala” que está delimitada por paredes de elevada pendiente. La fracturación y la diaclasación penetrativa que afecta a la alternancia de materiales calcareníticos y calcisiltiticos miocenos, junto con la distribución de éstos, es el principal factor que condiciona el trazado de los cursos fluviales, así como el desarrollo de los procesos de tipo kárstico asociados a la circulación preferencial y la formación de conductos. La interacción en la zona litoral de los procesos endokársticos, en los cuales la mezcla de aguas favorece los procesos de disolución, la actividad torrencial, así como la dinámica marina –teniendo presente la variabilidad glacio-eustàtica acontecida durante el Cuaternario– favorece el desarrollo y dinamismo del propio karst (i.e. colapso de cavidades, formación de dolinas, etc.) lo que se traduce, finalmente, en la configuración de la geoforma tan característica y compleja que es la cala.[eng]The southern region of Menorca –Migjorn– is built up by a carbonate platform developed in a reef environment during the Upper Miocene. This structural platform is dissected by a set of canyon-like creeks that when reach the coast result in narrow and cliffy bays known as “cala”. Joints and penetrative fractures that affect the Upper Miocene calcarenites and calcilutites rock outcroups exert the main control of the streams pathway and direction. Karst processes also play a critical contribution related to the preferential circulation and void formation. The interaction at the coast between marine and endokarstic processes –where mixing zone waters enhance rock solution–, between the fluvial processes and sea level (including sea level fluctuations during Quaternary times– enhance the dynamics and the development of karst (i.e. cave collapse, dolines formation, etc.) and this, finally, results in the configuration of a very representative rock coast macroform such as the “cala”

Ariel - Volume 11 Number 1

Executive Editors Ellen Feldman Leonardo S. Nasca, Jr. Business Managers Barbara L. Davies Martin B. Getzow News Editor Aaron D. Bleznak Features Editor Dave Van Wagoner CAHS Editor Joan M. Greco Editorial Page Editor Samuel Markind Photography Editor Leonardo S. Nasca, Jr. Sports Editor Paul F. Mansfiel

Treatment with tocilizumab or corticosteroids for COVID-19 patients with hyperinflammatory state: a multicentre cohort study (SAM-COVID-19)

Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the association between tocilizumab or corticosteroids and the risk of intubation or death in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) with a hyperinflammatory state according to clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods: A cohort study was performed in 60 Spanish hospitals including 778 patients with COVID-19 and clinical and laboratory data indicative of a hyperinflammatory state. Treatment was mainly with tocilizumab, an intermediate-high dose of corticosteroids (IHDC), a pulse dose of corticosteroids (PDC), combination therapy, or no treatment. Primary outcome was intubation or death; follow-up was 21 days. Propensity score-adjusted estimations using Cox regression (logistic regression if needed) were calculated. Propensity scores were used as confounders, matching variables and for the inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs). Results: In all, 88, 117, 78 and 151 patients treated with tocilizumab, IHDC, PDC, and combination therapy, respectively, were compared with 344 untreated patients. The primary endpoint occurred in 10 (11.4%), 27 (23.1%), 12 (15.4%), 40 (25.6%) and 69 (21.1%), respectively. The IPTW-based hazard ratios (odds ratio for combination therapy) for the primary endpoint were 0.32 (95%CI 0.22-0.47; p < 0.001) for tocilizumab, 0.82 (0.71-1.30; p 0.82) for IHDC, 0.61 (0.43-0.86; p 0.006) for PDC, and 1.17 (0.86-1.58; p 0.30) for combination therapy. Other applications of the propensity score provided similar results, but were not significant for PDC. Tocilizumab was also associated with lower hazard of death alone in IPTW analysis (0.07; 0.02-0.17; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Tocilizumab might be useful in COVID-19 patients with a hyperinflammatory state and should be prioritized for randomized trials in this situatio

Magnetic ordering and spin reorientations in Nd1.8Sr0.2NiO3.72

The magnetic behavior of the reduced Nd 1.8 Sr 0.2 NiO 3.72 nickelate has been investigated by means of neutron-powder diffraction, magnetic susceptibility, and isothermal magnetization measurements. The most noticeable result is that, in spite of the large concentration of oxygen vacancies, both the Ni and Nd sublattices become antiferromagnetically ordered below T N 1 ≊320 K and T N 2 ≊13.5 K, respectively. Moreover, two spin reorientations of the Ni magnetic moments have been observed, one around T 1 ≊130 K and the other simultaneously to the cooperative ordering of the Nd sublattice. The existence of a weak ferromagnetic component below 70 K has also been clearly established from the analysis of the macroscopic magnetic measurements. Finally, a set of effective exchange parameters have been derived, and their values compared with those reported for stoichiometric Nd 2 NiO 4

Preferencias de pacientes con miedo a volar sobre tres tratamientos de exposición con ordenador

This study analyses participants' preferences regarding three computer-aided exposure treatments for fear of flying (FF): virtual reality exposure treatment assisted by a therapist (VRET), computer-aided exposure with a therapist present throughout exposure sessions (CAE-T), and self-administered computer-aided exposure (CAE-SA). Sixty participants with FF were randomly assigned to one of these treatments. At the end of a treatment, a demonstration of the other two treatment options was given and patients were asked to rate their preferences. At post-treatment, assessment data on treatment preferences were obtained from 48 participants (CAE-T n= 14; CAE-SA n= 16, and VRET n= 18). Participants favoured VRET as the most effective, the most recommended, but also they valued it as the most aversive. Attending to the specific treatment condition received by the participants, results showed that in VRET and CAE-T, participants assessed their own treatment as more preferred, more efficacious and more recommendable. Results suggest relevant features regarding the efficiency of computer-based treatments, and offer insights into improving computer-aided psychological interventions.Este estudio analiza las preferencias de los participantes sobre tres tratamientos de exposición basados en ordenador para el miedo a volar (MV): tratamiento de exposición mediante realidad virtual asistido por un terapeuta (RV), tratamiento de exposición asistido por ordenador con un terapeuta durante la exposición (CAFT-T) y tratamiento de exposición asistido por ordenador autoaplicado (CAFT-A). 60 participantes con MV fueron asignados aleatoriamente a uno de estos tratamientos. Al final del tratamiento, los participantes veían una demostración de las otras dos opciones y valoraban sus preferencias. En el post-tratamiento, la evaluación de las preferencias se obtuvo para 48 participantes (CAFT-T n= 14; CAFT-A n= 16 y RV n= 18). Los participantes valoraron la RV como la más eficaz, más recomendada, pero también como la más aversiva. Atendiendo a la condición de tratamiento recibida, en las condiciones RV y CAFT-T los participantes valoraron su propio tratamiento como el más preferido, más eficaz y más recomendable. Los resultados sugieren aspectos relevantes sobre la eficiencia de los tratamientos basados en ordenador y ofrecen ideas para mejorar las intervenciones psicológicas asistidas por ordenador.Funding for the study was provided by grants SEJ-2006-14301/PSIC, PROMETEO/2008/157 and PSI2010-17563 from the Spanish Government; Generalitat Valenciana, Conselleria de Educación Proyecto PROMETEOII/2013/003 para grupos de excelencia, and CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CB06/03) is an initiative of ISC-III

The application of pollen analyses in the study of burials and related textiles: the studied cases of King Peter the Grat's mediaval grave and the prehistoric cave of Cova des Pas (Spain)

International audienc

El nostre barri

Unidad didáctica que consta de la guía para el profesor y del cuaderno de trabajo para el alumno del ciclo superior de EGB, con el objeto de que conozca su medio físico, cultural y social más inmediato, donde se desarrolla su vida cotidiana. Del conocimiento de este espacio y de otros espacios de la ciudad, de la asunción de unas técnicas de trabajo y estudio que irá utilizando mientras conoce su propio barrio, de la conciencia que toma y de las actitudes y valores que va adquiriendo en el proceso de trabajo de la unidad depende el futuro de la ciudad de hoy y que formará la ciudad del mañana. Dado el cariz interdisciplinar de la unidad didáctica se incluye en las áreas de geografía, historia y ciencias sociales; lengua catalana y literatura, matemáticas, expresión visual y plástica.BalearesBiblioteca de Educación del Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte; Calle San Agustín, 5; 28014 Madrid; Tel. +34917748000; [email protected]