What Once Was Old Is New Again: Reviving An Early-Modern Form Of Interdisciplinarity For Socio-Legal Studies

Socio-legal studies are an essentially interdisciplinary enterprise. However, there is currently only one form of interdisciplinarity that most socio-legal scholars (and criminologists) recognise and work with. This form is derived from the idea that 'society itself' - and by this most scholars mean ‘civil society’ - drives the law. However, another, rival understanding of society, which we term the authoritarian-liberal statist understanding that slipped from view in the late seventeenth century and remained obscure from then until now, may be used to generate another form of interdisciplinarity for socio-legal studies (and for criminology). However, this rival understanding of society does not simply allow us to reconfigure our notion of ‘society’; it radically changes the role society plays in relation to the law. Two crucial points emerge from this rival account: first, society can no longer be understood as separable from (even though interacting with) the law; and second, society can no longer be understood as driving the law

Literate practices and the production of children: psychological and pre-psychological discourses.

This thesis examines discourses around reading and reading instruction, with particular reference to children. The argument is that literate practices are crucially involved in the formation of that child. Psychology, when it establishes itself as the science which has the measure of the individual, becomes intertwined with literate practices and illuminates the relation between reading and the child in a new way. This thesis suggests that to understand the interrelations between reading, psychology and the child in our culture, one must pay attention to problems connected with the government of that culture, and, more specifically, to what Foucault has termed `governmentality'. Nowadays, literate practices are fundamental to the construction of citizens fit to take their place in society; this has not always been so. This thesis writes a genealogy of how a cognitive maximisation of literacy skills became a social imperative. It examines a series of crucial historical moments in this transformation. First, a set of reorganisations in the philological world in the middle of the eighteenth century enable the reader to become, for the first time, a problem. Second, the nineteenth-century reappraisal of the transformative effects of education makes literacy for the lower orders desirable. Experiments in techniques of schooling allow for the formation of certain sorts of individuals. The thesis examines these processes of formation and analyses the contemporaneous reorganisation of the teacher-pupil relationship. Third, the beginning of our century sees psychology take an interest in literacy and the child. Psychology colonises such discursive processes and provides techniques for making new aspects of the literate child visible. The child is scientifically made subject to a set of practices which aim to calculate and administer

The field of Foucaultian discourse analysis: structures, developments and perspectives

'Der Artikel präsentiert das Feld der Foucaultschen Diskursanalyse. Anfangs werden das Foucaultsche Diskurskonzept sowie die damit verbundenen methodologischen Positionen und Entwicklungen vorgestellt. Im Vergleich mit anderen Ansätzen der qualitativen Sozialforschung unterliegt der empirischen Forschung derer, die sich auf Foucaults Diskurskonzept beziehen, kein gemeinsames Paradigma. Aber in der Foucaultschen Diskursforschung finden sich geteilte methodologische Probleme und der gemeinsame Forschungsbereich zur Methodologie der Diskursanalyse, die die Foucaultsche Diskurstheorie in Formen empirischer Sozialforschung umsetzt. In den letzten Jahrzehnten sind sich die verschiedenen Forscher(innen) und Gruppen zunehmend ihrer Gemeinsamkeiten bewusst geworden, so dass von einem entstehenden Feld der Foucaultschen Diskursanalyse anstatt von einem entstehenden Paradigma gesprochen werden kann. Der Beitrag vermittelt einen Einblick in die diskursanalytische Forschung in ausgewählten Ländern, diskutiert die Internationalisierung der Foucaultschen Diskursanalyse und macht auf aktuelle Trends und Perspektiven aufmerksam.' (Autorenreferat)'The article outlines the field of Foucaultian discourse analysis. The Foucaultian concept of discourse is introduced, and methodological positions and methodological developments are sketched. Compared to other qualitative social research approaches, the different researchers and research groups that have adopted the Foucaultian concept of discourse are not linked by a fully integrated common research paradigm. However, they share common methodological problems and areas of methodological research resulting from various references to Foucaultian positions. In the last decade, different research groups have become aware of these shared commonalities, so that one can speak of an emerging field of Foucaultian discourse analysis rather than an emerging paradigm. The article gives insight into the discourse analytic research in selected countries, discusses the internationalisation of Foucaultian discourse analysis and highlights current trends and perspectives.' (author's abstract)

Editorial FQS 8(2): De la teoría del discurso de Michel Foucault a la investigación empírica sobre el discurso

URN: urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs0702E10URN: urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs0702E10URN: urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs0702E1

Pan-viral serology implicates enteroviruses in acute flaccid myelitis.

Since 2012, the United States of America has experienced a biennial spike in pediatric acute flaccid myelitis (AFM)1-6. Epidemiologic evidence suggests non-polio enteroviruses (EVs) are a potential etiology, yet EV RNA is rarely detected in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)2. CSF from children with AFM (n = 42) and other pediatric neurologic disease controls (n = 58) were investigated for intrathecal antiviral antibodies, using a phage display library expressing 481,966 overlapping peptides derived from all known vertebrate and arboviruses (VirScan). Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) of AFM CSF RNA (n = 20 cases) was also performed, both unbiased sequencing and with targeted enrichment for EVs. Using VirScan, the viral family significantly enriched by the CSF of AFM cases relative to controls was Picornaviridae, with the most enriched Picornaviridae peptides belonging to the genus Enterovirus (n = 29/42 cases versus 4/58 controls). EV VP1 ELISA confirmed this finding (n = 22/26 cases versus 7/50 controls). mNGS did not detect additional EV RNA. Despite rare detection of EV RNA, pan-viral serology frequently identified high levels of CSF EV-specific antibodies in AFM compared with controls, providing further evidence for a causal role of non-polio EVs in AFM

Ranking spreaders by decomposing complex networks

Ranking the nodes' ability for spreading in networks is a fundamental problem which relates to many real applications such as information and disease control. In the previous literatures, a network decomposition procedure called k-shell method has been shown to effectively identify the most influential spreaders. In this paper, we find that the k-shell method have some limitations when it is used to rank all the nodes in the network. We also find that these limitations are due to considering only the links between the remaining nodes (residual degree) while entirely ignoring all the links connecting to the removed nodes (exhausted degree) when decomposing the networks. Accordingly, we propose a mixed degree decomposition (MDD) procedure in which both the residual degree and the exhausted degree are considered. By simulating the epidemic process on the real networks, we show that the MDD method can outperform the k-shell and the degree methods in ranking spreaders. Finally, the influence of the network structure on the performance of the MDD method is discussed.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figure

Management strategy evaluation: a powerful tool for conservation?

The poor management of natural resources has led in many cases to the decline and extirpation of populations. Recent advances in fisheries science could revolutionize management of harvested stocks by evaluating management scenarios in a virtual world by including stakeholders and by assessing its robustness to uncertainty. These advances have been synthesized into a framework, management strategy evaluation (MSE), which has hitherto not been used in terrestrial conservation. We review the potential of MSE to transform terrestrial conservation, emphasizing that the behavior of individual harvesters must be included because harvester compliance with management rules has been a major challenge in conservation. Incorporating resource user decision-making required to make MSEs relevant to terrestrial conservation will also advance fisheries science.Output Type: Opinio

The Gravitational-wave Optical Transient Observer (GOTO)

The Gravitational-wave Optical Transient Observer (GOTO) is a wide-field telescope project focused on detecting optical counterparts to gravitational-wave sources. Each GOTO robotic mount holds eight 40 cm telescopes, giving an overall field of view of 40 square degrees. As of 2022 the first two GOTO mounts have been commissioned at the Roque de los Muchachos Observatory on La Palma, Canary Islands, and construction of the second node with two additional 8-telescope mounts has begin at Siding Spring Observatory in New South Wales, Australia. Once fully operational each GOTO mount will be networked to form a robotic, multi-site observatory, which will survey the entire visible sky every two nights and enable rapid follow-up detections of transient sources

An Integrated TCGA Pan-Cancer Clinical Data Resource to Drive High-Quality Survival Outcome Analytics

For a decade, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) program collected clinicopathologic annotation data along with multi-platform molecular profiles of more than 11,000 human tumors across 33 different cancer types. TCGA clinical data contain key features representing the democratized nature of the data collection process. To ensure proper use of this large clinical dataset associated with genomic features, we developed a standardized dataset named the TCGA Pan-Cancer Clinical Data Resource (TCGA-CDR), which includes four major clinical outcome endpoints. In addition to detailing major challenges and statistical limitations encountered during the effort of integrating the acquired clinical data, we present a summary that includes endpoint usage recommendations for each cancer type. These TCGA-CDR findings appear to be consistent with cancer genomics studies independent of the TCGA effort and provide opportunities for investigating cancer biology using clinical correlates at an unprecedented scale. Analysis of clinicopathologic annotations for over 11,000 cancer patients in the TCGA program leads to the generation of TCGA Clinical Data Resource, which provides recommendations of clinical outcome endpoint usage for 33 cancer types