Desenvolvimento profissional do professor

O presente trabalho, num primeiro momento, reporta todo um percurso civilizacional ancorado no desenvolvimento do professor. Na sequência deste estudo, foram retratados, numa perspetiva diacrónica, os vários contextos e as correntes educacionais que, em parte, assumem perenidade no pensamento e no agir atual. No entanto, a busca incessante do desenvolvimento da vida social destacou a figura do professor como o principal agente a quem são atribuídos inúmeros e diferentes papéis, progressivamente mais exigentes e complexos, em resultado da evolução da sociedade. Do reverenciado estatuto de transmissor dos saberes, ele ocupa, na atualidade, uma função multifacetada, que lhe exige uma postura de contínuo questionamento e autorreflexão da sua praxis, no sentido de responder da forma mais eficaz ao aspeto basilar que é o sucesso das aprendizagens dos alunos. Neste seguimento, procura-se dar uma visão do que foi a pedagogia ao longo dos tempos, nomeadamente, na antiguidade oriental, clássica e cristã; passando pela idade média, moderna e Iluminismo e, por fim, na idade contemporânea. Posteriormente, dado o enfoque deste trabalho estar na figura do professor, reflete-se, necessariamente, na sua ação em contexto: a sua prática individual e a forma como se autoanalisa, bem como os processos de supervisão e da avaliação do desempenho com vista ao seu desenvolvimento profissional.This paper reports to, in first place, a whole civilizational journey anchored in the teacher’s development. Following this study, the various contexts and educational currents that partly assume continuity in thought and action today were portrayed in a diachronic perspective. However, the relentless pursuit of the development of social life highlighted the figure of the teacher as the main agent to whom different and numerous roles are assigned, progressively more demanding and complex, due to the evolution of society. From the revered status of the transmitter of knowledge, he occupies nowadays a multi-faceted position that requires him an attitude of continual questioning and selfreflection of his praxis, in order to respond most effectively to the fundamental aspect, which is the success of students’ learning. In this context, the objective is to give an overview of what pedagogy has been throughout history, particularly in the eastern, classical and Christian antiquity; during the middle, modern and Enlightenment ages and, finally, the contemporary age. Subsequently, once the focus of this work relies on the teacher’s status, it reflects necessarily in his action in context: his individual practice and how he analyses himself as well as the processes of supervision and evaluation of his performance, aiming at his professional development

Concepções sobre o abandono escolar e práticas preventivas numa escola básica dos 2º e 3º ciclos

Tese de Mestrado em Ciências da Educação (Área de Especialização em Formação de Professores), apresentada à Universidade de Lisboa, através da Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências de Educação, 2005No presente trabalho, tomámos como objecto de estudo o abandono escolar, no sentido de contribuir, por um lado, para a compreensão da problemática no âmbito das concepções e práticas dos professores, e por outro, das potencialidades da acção da escola e do desempenho profissional dos professores, orientados para estratégias de prevenção. O trabalho empírico realizou-se numa escola do 2º e 3º Ciclo do Ensino Básico da cidade de Lisboa. Enquadrou-se numa metodologia qualitativa, em que a entrevista semi-directiva a professores com cargos-chave na escola, bem como a análise documental (PEE, RIE, PCE, "Acompanhamento de Alunos) foram as técnicas utilizadas. Os resultados permitem-nos concluir que o abandono está associado a um percurso escolar absentista, de indisciplina e de insucesso. Contudo, a escola assume o fenómeno no sentido de o inverter, recriando condições na sua organização. O Projecto Educativo, o Projecto Curricular de Escola e de Turma, pressupõem a criação de equipas dinâmicas, cuja intervenção se orienta para a resposta a problemas identificados pela Comunidade Educativa. A análise do discurso dos professores entrevistados permite inferir do esforço que, no quotidiano desta escola, se desenvolve no sentido da colaboração e cooperação entre pares. A articulação com outros parceiros parece ser uma dimensão privilegiada na acção da escola face ao abandono e às situações de risco, o que sublinha a sua abertura a processos de colaboração interinstitucional na assunção dos princípios educativos na resposta às necessidades dos alunos e, também à construção de novas dimensões de profissional idade docente e de novos espaços educativos.The present work is centred on high school dropout and aims to contribute to the understanding of this problem in what concerns concepts, teachers' practices, school action potentialities and teachers professional performance oriented to prevention strategies. The empirical work took place in a high school, located in Lisbon. A qualitative approach was adopted and interviews were made to key teachers at school as well as documental analysis was done to School Educative Project, School Internal Rules, School Curriculum Project and "Pupils' Accoriipany". The results allow us to conclude that drop out is either associated with school absenteeism or indiscipline or failure. However, school assumes the phenomenon in a sense of inverting it, recreating conditions in its organisation. School Educative Project, School and Class Curriculum Project, as well, presume dynamic teams setting up, in which intervention targets to answering to identified problems by the school community. Interviewed teachers' discourse analysis allows inferring the daily effort developed by this school, concerning collaboration and cooperation among pairs. To face dropping out and risk situations, school encompasses other partners what seems to reveal not only a privileged school action but also an openness to collaborative inter-institutional processes, in the assumption of educative principles in response to pupils' needs and of new dimensions, concerning teachers' professionalism and of new educative frameworks, too

Os CET no Instituto Politécnico de Santarém

O presente trabalho evidencia a evolução dos CET no IP Santarém. São abordados diversos aspectos relativos às características destes estudantes/formandos. Focam-se diversos perfis como origem geográfica dos formandos, habilitações académicas, sucesso escolar no CET, percurso profissional dos diplomados com CET. Quanto aos diplomados de um CET, apresentam-se dados relativos ao percurso profissional, ingresso, prosseguimento de estudos no IP Santarém e sucesso escolar na licenciatura. A informação foi recolhida pela Direcção da IPS.FORM, Direcções das Escolas, coordenações dos cursos e respectivos serviços académicos. - This work shows the development of Technological Specialization Course in Polytechnic Institute of Santarém. Covers various aspects related to the characteristics of students / trainees. We focus many profiles as geographical origin of students, academic achievement, school success of the graduates with these courses. For the graduates, we present data on the academic path. The information was gathered by the Directorate of IPS.FORM, Directorates of Schools, coordination of courses and academic services

Anti-Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HepG2) activities of Monoterpene Hydroxy Lactones isolated from the Marine Microalga Tisochrysis Lutea

Tisochrysis lutea is a marine haptophyte rich in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (e.g., docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)) and carotenoids (e.g., fucoxanthin). Because of the nutraceutical applications of these compounds, this microalga is being used in aquaculture to feed oyster and shrimp larvae. In our earlier report, T. lutea organic crude extracts exhibited in vitro cytotoxic activity against human hepatocarcinoma (HepG2) cells. However, so far, the compound(s) accountable for the observed bioactivity have not been identified. Therefore, the aim of this study was to isolate and identify the chemical component(s) responsible for the bioactivity observed. Bioassay-guided fractionation through a combination of silica-gel column chromatography, followed by preparative thin layer chromatography (PTLC), led to the isolation of two diastereomers of a monoterpenoid lactone, namely, loliolide (1) and epi-loliolide (2), isolated for the first time in this species. The structural elucidation of both compounds was carried out by GC-MS and 1D (1H and 13C APT) and 2D (COSY, HMBC, HSQC-ed, and NOESY) NMR analysis. Both compounds significantly reduced the viability of HepG2 cells and were considerably less toxic towards a non-tumoral murine stromal (S17) cell line, although epi-loliolide was found to be more active than loliolide.FCT, Portugal: UID/Multi/04326/2019, UID/MAR/04292/2020 (MARE), UID/Multi/04046/2020 (BioISI) and from the grant of 0055 ALGARED +5E—INTERREG V-A; SFRH/BD/116604/2016; SFRH/BD/105541/2014info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Complexity and relevance for health and behavior

Acknowledgments: Gina Tomé is a postdoctorate funded by the Fundação Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT) SFRH/BPD/108637/2015.Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate sleep and awakening quality (SQ and AQ) during COVID-19 in a large and diversified population in order to identify significant associations and risks in terms of demography, health and health-related behaviors, sleep variables, mental health, and attitudes. Methods/Results:Online surveys were used for data collection, received from 5479 individuals from the general population, sleep disorder patients, and COVID-involved (medical doctors (MDs) and nurses) and COVID-affected professionals (teachers, psychologists, and dentists). SQ and AQ were worse in adults, females, and high-education subjects. Feeling worse, having economic problems, depression, anxiety, irritability, and a high Calamity Experience Check List (CECL) score during COVID were significantly associated with poor SQ and AQ. Shorter sleep duration, increased latency, poor nutrition, low physical activity, increased mobile and social network use, more negative and less positive attitudes and behaviors were associated with poor AQ. Conclusions: The SQ logistic regression showed gender, morbidities, CECL, and awakenings as relevant, whereas, for AQ, relevant variables further included age and physical activity. Aiming to have a high stress compliance, each individual should sleep well, have important control of their mood, practice positive behaviors while dismissing negative behaviors and attitudes, practice exercise, have adequate nutrition, and beware of technologies and dependences.publishersversionpublishe

Spectrum of molecular alterations detected in the CYP21A2 gene associated with 21-hydroxylase deficiency

A maioria dos doentes com hiperplasia suprarrenal congénita (HSC) apresenta alterações moleculares no gene CYP21A2, o qual codifica a enzima 21-hidroxilase (21-OH). Os doentes com a forma clássica de deficiência em 21-OH (21-OHD) apresentam a síntese de cortisol diminuída no córtex adrenal e, os casos mais graves, também apresentam deficiência de aldosterona. As mulheres com 21-OHD grave apresentam excesso de andrógenos desde a sua vida fetal conduzindo à virilização dos órgãos genitais externos. Tanto homens como mulheres com 21-OHD completa não sintetizam a aldosterona e, consequentemente, logo após o nascimento, podem desenvolver crises de perda de sal se não forem corretamente diagnosticados e tratados. A 21- OHD não clássica é devida à deficiência parcial em 21-OH, os fenótipos clínicos são menos graves, as mulheres não apresentam virilização dos genitais externos ao nascimento, e geralmente os sinais relativos a excesso de androgénios podem surgir durante a infância ou até mais tarde (durante ou após a puberdade). Neste trabalho descrevem-se as alterações e os genótipos mais frequentes encontrados em doentes portugueses não adultos com 21-OHD. As alterações mais frequentes encontradas na forma clássica da HSC são c.293-13C> G, diferentes deleções/quimeras/conversões génicas do gene CYP21A2 e c.518T> A, enquanto na 21-OHD não-clássica a variante c.844G> T é a mais frequente. Estes resultados contribuem para um diagnóstico correto e uma melhor gestão clínica dos doentes, para o seu aconselhamento genético e para oferecer o diagnóstico pré-natal a casais com risco de ter filhos afetados com a forma clássica de 21-OHD.Most of the patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) have molecular alterations in the CYP21A2 gene, which encodes the enzyme 21-hydroxylase (21-OH). Patients with the classic form of 21-OH deficiency (21-OHD) have the synthesis of cor tisol impaired in the adrenal cor tex and, the most severe cases also have aldosterone deficiency. Females with severe 21-OHD, star ting their fetal life have excess of androgens leading to external genitalia virilization at bir th. Both males and females with complete 21-OHD are not able to synthesize aldosterone, consequently soon af ter bir th may develop salt wasting crises if not correctly diagnosed and treated. Non-classic 21-OHD is due to par tial deficiency of 21-OH, the clinical phenotypes are less severe, females don’t present ambiguity of the external genitalia at bir th, usually signs of androgen excess may be present during childhood or even later in life (during or af ter puber ty). We present here the most frequent alterations and genotypes found in non adult Por tuguese patients with 21-OHD. The most frequent alterations found in the classic form of CAH are c.293-13C>G, dif ferent CYP21A2 deletions/quimeras/gene conversions and c.518T>A, while in non-classic 21-OHD the variant c.844G>T is the most frequent. These results contribute to a correct patient diagnosis, to a better clinical care, genetic counseling and to of fer pre-natal diagnosis to couples at risk of having af fected babies with the classic form of 21-OHD.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Melhoramento do sobreiro para uma regeneração artificial sustentável

O sobreiro (Quercus suber) é uma espécie singular devido à sua importância no funcionamento do ecossistema mediterrânico e na produção de cortiça. No entanto, apesar da sua importância ecológica e sócio-económica, pouco se compreende ainda dos seus processos de adaptabilidade às diferentes condições ambientais. Em algumas áreas do mediterrâneo ocidental, as florestas de sobreiro encontram-se em declínio e a manutenção destes ecossistemas requer a compreensão do seu funcionamento (e.g. regeneração, crescimento e interações entre hospedeiro e pragas/doenças). Para além de uma crescente redução da área de floresta, o sobreiro apresenta geralmente uma reduzida regeneração natural. Nos últimos anos, largas áreas de sobreiro foram reflorestadas no entanto, a regeneração artificial, quer por sementeira quer por plantação, obteve resultados variáveis com baixas taxas de sobrevivência. Apesar da necessidade de melhorar o manuseamento das sementes e das técnicas de produção e plantação ser geralmente reconhecida pelos proprietários florestais, a utilização de material genético adequado é quase sempre ignorada. De forma a dar resposta a alguns destes problemas está em curso o projeto PTDC/AGR-AAM/104364/2008: Melhoramento do sobreiro para uma regeneração artificial sustentável, que tem como principal objetivo melhorar a qualidade genética e fisiológica do material reprodutivo de sobreiro usado nas arborizações, focando-se em três aspetos essenciais: adaptabilidade da espécie, armazenamento da semente a longo prazo e produção de semente. Este é um trabalho multidisciplinar onde se integram os resultados de várias perspetivas – ecofisiológica, genética quantitativa e biologia molecular – de forma a compreender as suas interações e avaliar a plasticidade fenotípica, particularmente em condições de secura, contribuindo para ajustar os limites das regiões de proveniência e definir zonas de transferência de sementes

Global, regional, and national progress towards Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 for neonatal and child health: all-cause and cause-specific mortality findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Background Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 has targeted elimination of preventable child mortality, reduction of neonatal death to less than 12 per 1000 livebirths, and reduction of death of children younger than 5 years to less than 25 per 1000 livebirths, for each country by 2030. To understand current rates, recent trends, and potential trajectories of child mortality for the next decade, we present the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 findings for all-cause mortality and cause-specific mortality in children younger than 5 years of age, with multiple scenarios for child mortality in 2030 that include the consideration of potential effects of COVID-19, and a novel framework for quantifying optimal child survival. Methods We completed all-cause mortality and cause-specific mortality analyses from 204 countries and territories for detailed age groups separately, with aggregated mortality probabilities per 1000 livebirths computed for neonatal mortality rate (NMR) and under-5 mortality rate (USMR). Scenarios for 2030 represent different potential trajectories, notably including potential effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and the potential impact of improvements preferentially targeting neonatal survival. Optimal child survival metrics were developed by age, sex, and cause of death across all GBD location-years. The first metric is a global optimum and is based on the lowest observed mortality, and the second is a survival potential frontier that is based on stochastic frontier analysis of observed mortality and Healthcare Access and Quality Index. Findings Global U5MR decreased from 71.2 deaths per 1000 livebirths (95% uncertainty interval WI] 68.3-74-0) in 2000 to 37.1 (33.2-41.7) in 2019 while global NMR correspondingly declined more slowly from 28.0 deaths per 1000 live births (26.8-29-5) in 2000 to 17.9 (16.3-19-8) in 2019. In 2019,136 (67%) of 204 countries had a USMR at or below the SDG 3.2 threshold and 133 (65%) had an NMR at or below the SDG 3.2 threshold, and the reference scenario suggests that by 2030,154 (75%) of all countries could meet the U5MR targets, and 139 (68%) could meet the NMR targets. Deaths of children younger than 5 years totalled 9.65 million (95% UI 9.05-10.30) in 2000 and 5.05 million (4.27-6.02) in 2019, with the neonatal fraction of these deaths increasing from 39% (3.76 million 95% UI 3.53-4.021) in 2000 to 48% (2.42 million; 2.06-2.86) in 2019. NMR and U5MR were generally higher in males than in females, although there was no statistically significant difference at the global level. Neonatal disorders remained the leading cause of death in children younger than 5 years in 2019, followed by lower respiratory infections, diarrhoeal diseases, congenital birth defects, and malaria. The global optimum analysis suggests NMR could be reduced to as low as 0.80 (95% UI 0.71-0.86) deaths per 1000 livebirths and U5MR to 1.44 (95% UI 1-27-1.58) deaths per 1000 livebirths, and in 2019, there were as many as 1.87 million (95% UI 1-35-2.58; 37% 95% UI 32-43]) of 5.05 million more deaths of children younger than 5 years than the survival potential frontier. Interpretation Global child mortality declined by almost half between 2000 and 2019, but progress remains slower in neonates and 65 (32%) of 204 countries, mostly in sub-Saharan Africa and south Asia, are not on track to meet either SDG 3.2 target by 2030. Focused improvements in perinatal and newborn care, continued and expanded delivery of essential interventions such as vaccination and infection prevention, an enhanced focus on equity, continued focus on poverty reduction and education, and investment in strengthening health systems across the development spectrum have the potential to substantially improve USMR. Given the widespread effects of COVID-19, considerable effort will be required to maintain and accelerate progress. Copyright (C) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd