Induction of DNA double-strand breaks and cellular senescence by human respiratory syncytial virus

Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) accounts for the majority of lower respiratory tract infections during infancy and childhood and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. HRSV provokes a proliferation arrest and characteristic syncytia in cellular systems such as immortalized epithelial cells. We show here that HRSV induces the expression of DNA damage markers and proliferation arrest such as P-TP53, P-ATM, CDKN1A and γH2AFX in cultured cells secondary to the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS). The DNA damage foci contained γH2AFX and TP53BP1, indicative of double-strand breaks (DSBs) and could be reversed by antioxidant treatments such as N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) or reduced glutathione ethyl ester (GSHee). The damage observed is associated with the accumulation of senescent cells, displaying a canonical senescent phenotype in both mononuclear cells and syncytia. In addition, we show signs of DNA damage and aging such as γH2AFX and CDKN2A expression in the respiratory epithelia of infected mice long after viral clearance. Altogether, these results show that HRSV triggers a DNA damage-mediated cellular senescence program probably mediated by oxidative stress. The results also suggest that this program might contribute to the physiopathology of the infection, tissue remodeling and aging, and might be associated to long-term consequences of HRSV infections.This work was supported by Grants MPY-1038/14 to Alberto Zambrano, PI 11/00590 to Isidoro Martínez and RD12/0036/0030 to Ana Aranda from FIS (Instituto de Salud Carlos III) and Grant BFU2011-28958, from Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad to Ana Aranda. The authors have no conflicting financial interests

Revaloración del juego como estrategia de enseñanza.Experiencia de los amigos en La Clase Mágica

El presente estudio analiza la experiencia vivida por un grupo de docentes en formación en un proyecto de intervención educativa sustentada en el modelo de La Clase Mágica (LCM). Afirmado, especialmente en el enfoque sociocultural, este modelo entraña elementos donde destacan los amigos, el juego, y el empleo permanente de actividades de capacitación y de investigación. El objetivo del estudio fue identificar los elementos de LCM, especialmente del juego, que contribuyeron al desarrollo de la práctica pedagógica de los participantes. La experiencia vivida fue documentada a través de entrevistas a profundidad que se realizaron con varias generaciones de docentes en formación. Estos docentes participaron en el proyecto del 2015 al 2017 durante su servicio social y práctica profesional y actualmente laboran en el sistema educativo estatal. Se concluye que los participante perciben al juego, como un recurso poco reconocido pero muy valioso, que constituyó un poderoso instrumento de formación y enseñanza, y un elemento clave para su práctica pedagógica.  

SOX2 Expression and Transcriptional Activity Identifies a Subpopulation of Cancer Stem Cells in Sarcoma with Prognostic Implications

Stemness in sarcomas is coordinated by the expression of pluripotency factors, like SOX2, in cancer stem cells (CSC). The role of SOX2 in tumor initiation and progression has been well characterized in osteosarcoma. However, the pro-tumorigenic features of SOX2 have been scarcely investigated in other sarcoma subtypes. Here, we show that SOX2 depletion dramatically reduced the ability of undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS) cells to form tumorspheres and to initiate tumor growth. Conversely, SOX2 overexpression resulted in increased in vivo tumorigenicity. Moreover, using a reporter system (SORE6) which allows to monitor viable cells expressing SOX2 and/or OCT4, we found that SORE6+ cells were significantly more tumorigenic than the SORE6- subpopulation. In agreement with this findings, SOX2 expression in sarcoma patients was associated to tumor grade, differentiation, invasive potential and lower patient survival. Finally, we studied the effect of a panel of anti-tumor drugs on the SORE6+ cells of the UPS model and patient-derived chondrosarcoma lines. We found that the mithramycin analogue EC-8042 was the most efficient in reducing SORE6+ cells in vitro and in vivo. Overall, this study demonstrates that SOX2 is a pro-tumorigenic factor with prognostic potential in sarcoma. Moreover, SORE6 transcriptional activity is a bona fide CSC marker in sarcoma and constitutes an excellent biomarker for evaluating the efficacy of anti-tumor treatments on CSC subpopulations.This work was supported by the Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) [MINECO/Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) (SAF-2016-75286-R to R.R.), ISC III/FEDER (Miguel Servet Program CPII16/00049 to R.R., Sara Borrell Program CD16/00103 to S.T.M. and PI16/00280 and PI19/00560 to J.M.G-P) and Consorcio CIBERONC CB16/12/00390)] and the Plan de Ciencia Tecnología e Innovación del Principado de Asturias/FEDER (IDI/2018/155) to J.P.R and Predoctoral Fellowship Severo Ochoa (BP-17-108) to O.E.S

Assessment of Multilocus Sequence Analysis (MLSA) for Identification of Candidatus Liberibacter Solanacearum from Different Host Plants in Spain

[EN] Liberibacteris a bacterial group causing different diseases and disorders in plants. Among liberibacters,CandidatusLiberibacter solanaceraum (CLso) produces disorders in several species mainly within Apiaceae and Solanaceae families. CLso isolates are usually grouped in defined haplotypes according to single nucleotide polymorphisms in genes associated with ribosomal elements. In order to characterize more precisely isolates of CLso identified in potato in Spain, a Multilocus Sequence Analysis (MLSA) was applied. This methodology was validated by a complete analysis of ten housekeeping genes that showed an absence of positive selection and a nearly neutral mechanism for their evolution. Most of the analysis performed with single housekeeping genes, as well as MLSA, grouped together isolates of CLso detected in potato crops in Spain within the haplotype E, undistinguishable from those infecting carrots, parsnips or celery. Moreover, the information from these housekeeping genes was used to estimate the evolutionary divergence among the different CLso by using the concatenated sequences of the genes assayed. Data obtained on the divergence among CLso haplotypes support the hypothesis of evolutionary events connected with different hosts, in different geographic areas, and possibly associated with different vectors. Our results demonstrate the absence in Spain of CLso isolates molecularly classified as haplotypes A and B, traditionally considered causal agents of zebra chip in potato, as well as the uncertain possibility of the present haplotype to produce major disease outbreaks in potato that may depend on many factors that should be further evaluated in future worksThis research was funded by Instituto Nacional de Investigacion y Tecnologia Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), grant numbers AT2016-007 and RTA2014-00008-C04-03-E, co-financed by FEDER.Ruiz-Padilla, A.; Redondo, C.; Asensio, A.; Garita-Cambronero, J.; Martinez, C.; Perez-Padilla, V.; Marquinez, R.... (2020). Assessment of Multilocus Sequence Analysis (MLSA) for Identification of Candidatus Liberibacter Solanacearum from Different Host Plants in Spain. Microorganisms. 8(9):1-19. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8091446S11989Haapalainen, M. (2014). Biology and epidemics ofCandidatusLiberibacter species, psyllid-transmitted plant-pathogenic bacteria. Annals of Applied Biology, 165(2), 172-198. doi:10.1111/aab.12149Raddadi, N., Gonella, E., Camerota, C., Pizzinat, A., Tedeschi, R., Crotti, E., … Alma, A. (2010). ‘Candidatus Liberibacter europaeus’ sp. nov. that is associated with and transmitted by the psyllid Cacopsylla pyri apparently behaves as an endophyte rather than a pathogen. Environmental Microbiology, 13(2), 414-426. doi:10.1111/j.1462-2920.2010.02347.xWang, N., Pierson, E. A., Setubal, J. C., Xu, J., Levy, J. G., Zhang, Y., … Martins, J. (2017). The Candidatus Liberibacter–Host Interface: Insights into Pathogenesis Mechanisms and Disease Control. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 55(1), 451-482. doi:10.1146/annurev-phyto-080516-035513Morris, J., Shiller, J., Mann, R., Smith, G., Yen, A., & Rodoni, B. (2017). Novel ‘Candidatus Liberibacter’ species identified in the Australian eggplant psyllid, Acizzia solanicola. Microbial Biotechnology, 10(4), 833-844. doi:10.1111/1751-7915.12707Alfaro-Fernández, A., Hernández-Llopis, D., & Font, M. I. (2017). Haplotypes of ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ identified in Umbeliferous crops in Spain. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 149(1), 127-131. doi:10.1007/s10658-017-1172-2Haapalainen, M., Wang, J., Latvala, S., Lehtonen, M. T., Pirhonen, M., & Nissinen, A. I. (2018). Genetic Variation of ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ Haplotype C and Identification of a Novel Haplotype from Trioza urticae and Stinging Nettle. Phytopathology®, 108(8), 925-934. doi:10.1094/phyto-12-17-0410-rHaapalainen, M., Latvala, S., Wickström, A., Wang, J., Pirhonen, M., & Nissinen, A. I. (2019). A novel haplotype of ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ found in Apiaceae and Polygonaceae family plants. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 156(2), 413-423. doi:10.1007/s10658-019-01890-0Mauck, K. E., Sun, P., Meduri, V. R., & Hansen, A. K. (2019). New Ca. Liberibacter psyllaurous haplotype resurrected from a 49-year-old specimen of Solanum umbelliferum: a native host of the psyllid vector. Scientific Reports, 9(1). doi:10.1038/s41598-019-45975-6Teixeira, D. C., Eveillard, S., Sirand-Pugnet, P., Wulff, A., Saillard, C., Ayres, A. J., & Bove, J. M. (2008). The tufB-secE-nusG-rplKAJL-rpoB gene cluster of the liberibacters: sequence comparisons, phylogeny and speciation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY, 58(6), 1414-1421. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.65641-0Glaeser, S. P., & Kämpfer, P. (2015). Multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) in prokaryotic taxonomy. Systematic and Applied Microbiology, 38(4), 237-245. doi:10.1016/j.syapm.2015.03.007Gevers, D., Cohan, F. M., Lawrence, J. G., Spratt, B. G., Coenye, T., Feil, E. J., … Swings, J. (2005). Re-evaluating prokaryotic species. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 3(9), 733-739. doi:10.1038/nrmicro1236Swisher Grimm, K. D., & Garczynski, S. F. (2019). Identification of a New Haplotype of ‘CandidatusLiberibacter solanacearum’ inSolanum tuberosum. Plant Disease, 103(3), 468-474. doi:10.1094/pdis-06-18-0937-reLin, H., Lou, B., Glynn, J. M., Doddapaneni, H., Civerolo, E. L., Chen, C., … Vahling, C. M. (2011). The Complete Genome Sequence of ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’, the Bacterium Associated with Potato Zebra Chip Disease. PLoS ONE, 6(4), e19135. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0019135Thompson, S. M., Johnson, C. P., Lu, A. Y., Frampton, R. A., Sullivan, K. L., Fiers, M. W. E. J., … Smith, G. R. (2015). Genomes of ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ Haplotype A from New Zealand and the United States Suggest Significant Genome Plasticity in the Species. Phytopathology®, 105(7), 863-871. doi:10.1094/phyto-12-14-0363-fiLin, H., Pietersen, G., Han, C., Read, D. A., Lou, B., Gupta, G., & Civerolo, E. L. (2015). Complete Genome Sequence of « Candidatus Liberibacter africanus,» a Bacterium Associated with Citrus Huanglongbing. Genome Announcements, 3(4). doi:10.1128/genomea.00733-15Wulff, N. A., Zhang, S., Setubal, J. C., Almeida, N. F., Martins, E. C., Harakava, R., … Gabriel, D. W. (2014). The Complete Genome Sequence of ‘Candidatus Liberibacter americanus’, Associated with Citrus Huanglongbing. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions®, 27(2), 163-176. doi:10.1094/mpmi-09-13-0292-rDuan, Y., Zhou, L., Hall, D. G., Li, W., Doddapaneni, H., Lin, H., … Gottwald, T. (2009). Complete Genome Sequence of Citrus Huanglongbing Bacterium, ‘CandidatusLiberibacter asiaticus’ Obtained Through Metagenomics. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions®, 22(8), 1011-1020. doi:10.1094/mpmi-22-8-1011Katoh, H., Miyata, S., Inoue, H., & Iwanami, T. (2014). Unique Features of a Japanese ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ Strain Revealed by Whole Genome Sequencing. PLoS ONE, 9(9), e106109. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0106109Leonard, M. T., Fagen, J. R., Davis-Richardson, A. G., Davis, M. J., & Triplett, E. W. (2012). Complete genome sequence of Liberibacter crescens BT-1. Standards in Genomic Sciences, 7(2), 271-283. doi:10.4056/sigs.3326772Teresani, G. R., Bertolini, E., Alfaro-Fernández, A., Martínez, C., Tanaka, F. A. O., Kitajima, E. W., … Font, M. I. (2014). Association of ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ with a Vegetative Disorder of Celery in Spain and Development of a Real-Time PCR Method for Its Detection. Phytopathology®, 104(8), 804-811. doi:10.1094/phyto-07-13-0182-rLi, W., Hartung, J. S., & Levy, L. (2006). Quantitative real-time PCR for detection and identification of Candidatus Liberibacter species associated with citrus huanglongbing. Journal of Microbiological Methods, 66(1), 104-115. doi:10.1016/j.mimet.2005.10.018Munyaneza, J. E., Sengoda, V. G., Crosslin, J. M., De la Rosa-Lozano, G., & Sanchez, A. (2009). First Report of ‘Candidatus Liberibacter psyllaurous’ in Potato Tubers with Zebra Chip Disease in Mexico. Plant Disease, 93(5), 552-552. doi:10.1094/pdis-93-5-0552aPhillips, J. L., & Gnanakaran, S. (2014). A data-driven approach to modeling the tripartite structure of multidrug resistance efflux pumps. Proteins: Structure, Function, and Bioinformatics, 83(1), 46-65. doi:10.1002/prot.24632Kumar, S., Stecher, G., Li, M., Knyaz, C., & Tamura, K. (2018). MEGA X: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis across Computing Platforms. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 35(6), 1547-1549. doi:10.1093/molbev/msy096Estimation of the number of nucleotide substitutions in the control region of mitochondrial DNA in humans and chimpanzees. (1993). Molecular Biology and Evolution. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040023Rozas, J., Ferrer-Mata, A., Sánchez-DelBarrio, J. C., Guirao-Rico, S., Librado, P., Ramos-Onsins, S. E., & Sánchez-Gracia, A. (2017). DnaSP 6: DNA Sequence Polymorphism Analysis of Large Data Sets. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 34(12), 3299-3302. doi:10.1093/molbev/msx248Liao, J., Wiedmann, M., & Kovac, J. (2017). Genetic Stability and Evolution of the sigB Allele, Used for Listeria Sensu Stricto Subtyping and Phylogenetic Inference. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 83(12). doi:10.1128/aem.00306-17Tamura, K., Battistuzzi, F. U., Billing-Ross, P., Murillo, O., Filipski, A., & Kumar, S. (2012). Estimating divergence times in large molecular phylogenies. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 109(47), 19333-19338. doi:10.1073/pnas.1213199109Tamura, K., Tao, Q., & Kumar, S. (2018). Theoretical Foundation of the RelTime Method for Estimating Divergence Times from Variable Evolutionary Rates. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 35(7), 1770-1782. doi:10.1093/molbev/msy044López-Hermoso, C., de la Haba, R. R., Sánchez-Porro, C., Papke, R. T., & Ventosa, A. (2017). Assessment of MultiLocus Sequence Analysis As a Valuable Tool for the Classification of the Genus Salinivibrio. Frontiers in Microbiology, 8. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2017.01107Hajri, A., Loiseau, M., Cousseau-Suhard, P., Renaudin, I., & Gentit, P. (2017). Genetic Characterization of ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ Haplotypes Associated with Apiaceous Crops in France. Plant Disease, 101(8), 1383-1390. doi:10.1094/pdis-11-16-1686-reFang, Y., Wang, Y., Liu, Z., Dai, H., Cai, H., Li, Z., … Wang, D. (2019). Multilocus Sequence Analysis, a Rapid and Accurate Tool for Taxonomic Classification, Evolutionary Relationship Determination, and Population Biology Studies of the Genus Shewanella. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 85(11). doi:10.1128/aem.03126-18Konstantinidis, K. T., Ramette, A., & Tiedje, J. M. (2006). Toward a More Robust Assessment of IntraspeciesDiversity, Using Fewer GeneticMarkers. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 72(11), 7286-7293. doi:10.1128/aem.01398-06Ajene, I. J., Khamis, F., Ballo, S., Pietersen, G., van Asch, B., Seid, N., … Mohamed, S. (2020). Detection of Asian Citrus Psyllid (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) in Ethiopia: A New Haplotype and its Implication to the Proliferation of Huanglongbing. Journal of Economic Entomology, 113(4), 1640-1647. doi:10.1093/jee/toaa113Thapa, S. P., De Francesco, A., Trinh, J., Gurung, F. B., Pang, Z., Vidalakis, G., … Coaker, G. (2020). Genome‐wide analyses of Liberibacter species provides insights into evolution, phylogenetic relationships, and virulence factors. Molecular Plant Pathology, 21(5), 716-731. doi:10.1111/mpp.12925Antolinez, C. A., Fereres, A., & Moreno, A. (2017). Risk assessment of ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ transmission by the psyllids Bactericera trigonica and B. tremblayi from Apiaceae crops to potato. Scientific Reports, 7(1). doi:10.1038/srep45534Antolínez, Moreno, Ontiveros, Pla, Plaza, Sanjuan, … Fereres. (2019). Seasonal Abundance of Psyllid Species on Carrots and Potato Crops in Spain. Insects, 10(9), 287. doi:10.3390/insects10090287Wang, J., Haapalainen, M., Schott, T., Thompson, S. M., Smith, G. R., Nissinen, A. I., & Pirhonen, M. (2017). Genomic sequence of «Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum» haplotype C and its comparison with haplotype A and B genomes. PLOS ONE, 12(2), e0171531. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0171531Katsir, L., Zhepu, R., Santos Garcia, D., Piasezky, A., Jiang, J., Sela, N., … Bahar, O. (2018). Genome Analysis of Haplotype D of Candidatus Liberibacter Solanacearum. Frontiers in Microbiology, 9. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2018.02933Quintana-González de Chaves, M., Teresani, G. R., Hernández-Suárez, E., Bertolini, E., Moreno, A., Fereres, A., … Siverio, F. (2020). ‘Candidatus Liberibacter Solanacearum’ Is Unlikely to Be Transmitted Spontaneously from Infected Carrot Plants to Citrus Plants by Trioza Erytreae. Insects, 11(8), 514. doi:10.3390/insects1108051

Multi-employment in health in the province of Buenos Aires: cross-sectional study of professions involved in COVID-19 patient care

INTRODUCCIÓN: La pandemia de COVID-19 expuso el impacto del multiempleo en los servicios de salud. El objetivo de este estudio fue caracterizar el multiempleo en médicos y enfermeros que trabajaron en internación general y cuidados críticos durante la pandemia en la provincia de Buenos Aires. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio exploratorio, descriptivo y transversal. Los datos se recolectaron en el primer trimestre de 2021 con una encuesta estructurada anónima autoadministrada mediante muestreo no probabilístico en cadena. RESULTADOS: El 96,3% de los médicos y el 68,1% de los enfermeros declararon estar multiempleados. La media de empleos fue 3,1 para médicos (entre 1 y 5) y 1,9 para enfermeros (entre 1 y 3). Los enfermeros declararon trabajos con mayor carga horaria, predominio del empleo público y contratación estable. Los médicos multiempleados manifestaron mayor diversidad en la forma de contratación. En ambas profesiones el multiempleo es motivado principalmente por razones de índole económica. DISCUSIÓN: El multiempleo es difícil de medir mediante los registros oficiales. La proporción de multiempleo autorreportado en este estudio supera las cifras comunicadas por las estadísticas e informes oficiales. Aun así, las diferencias halladas entre médicos y enfermeros respecto al número de empleos son coincidentes con estudios previos. El problema del multiempleo requiere ser abordado desde la desprecarización del empleo, con mejoras en las condiciones económicas y de trabajo.INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 pandemic exposed the impact of multi-employment in health services. The objective of this study was to characterize multi-employment among physicians and nurses working in general hospitalization and critical care during the pandemic in the province of Buenos Aires. METHODS: An exploratory, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted. Data were collected in the first quarter of 2021 with a structured anonymous self-administered survey using non-probabilistic chain sampling. RESULTS: A total of 96.3% of physicians and 68.1% of nurses reported being multi-employed. The mean number of jobs was 3.1 for physicians (between 1 and 5) and 1.9 for nurses (between 1 and 3). Nurses reported having jobs with longer hours, mostly public and stable employment. Multi-employed physicians reported greater variety in the form of hiring. In both professions, multi-employment is mainly motivated by economic reasons. DISCUSSION: Multi-employment is difficult to measure through official records. The proportion of self-reported multiemployment in this study exceeds the figures shown by official statistics and reports. The differences found between physicians and nurses regarding the number of jobs are still consistent with previous studies. The problem of multi-employment needs to be tackled by making employment less precarious, with improvements in economic and working conditions.Fil: Chaz Sardi, María Celeste. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Sur; ArgentinaFil: Martinez, Cintia Karina. Universidad Nacional del Sur; ArgentinaFil: Mirofsky, Matías Alberto. Sociedad Argentina de Medicina; ArgentinaFil: Lopez, Francisco Javier. Federacion Medica de la Provincia de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Garzaniti, Ramiro. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Ministerio de Salud; ArgentinaFil: Gubilei, Eliana Soledad. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Ministerio de Salud; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Lhopital, Cintia. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Ministerio de Salud; ArgentinaFil: González, Verónica. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Ministerio de Salud; ArgentinaFil: Duré, María Isabel. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Ministerio de Salud; ArgentinaFil: Garcia Dieguez, Marcelo. Universidad Nacional del Sur; Argentin

Multi-employment in health in the province of Buenos Aires: cross-sectional study of professions involved in COVID-19 patient care

INTRODUCCIÓN: La pandemia de COVID-19 expuso el impacto del multiempleo en los servicios de salud. El objetivo de este estudio fue caracterizar el multiempleo en médicos y enfermeros que trabajaron en internación general y cuidados críticos durante la pandemia en la provincia de Buenos Aires. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio exploratorio, descriptivo y transversal. Los datos se recolectaron en el primer trimestre de 2021 con una encuesta estructurada anónima autoadministrada mediante muestreo no probabilístico en cadena. RESULTADOS: El 96,3% de los médicos y el 68,1% de los enfermeros declararon estar multiempleados. La media de empleos fue 3,1 para médicos (entre 1 y 5) y 1,9 para enfermeros (entre 1 y 3). Los enfermeros declararon trabajos con mayor carga horaria, predominio del empleo público y contratación estable. Los médicos multiempleados manifestaron mayor diversidad en la forma de contratación. En ambas profesiones el multiempleo es motivado principalmente por razones de índole económica. DISCUSIÓN: El multiempleo es difícil de medir mediante los registros oficiales. La proporción de multiempleo autorreportado en este estudio supera las cifras comunicadas por las estadísticas e informes oficiales. Aun así, las diferencias halladas entre médicos y enfermeros respecto al número de empleos son coincidentes con estudios previos. El problema del multiempleo requiere ser abordado desde la desprecarización del empleo, con mejoras en las condiciones económicas y de trabajo.INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 pandemic exposed the impact of multi-employment in health services. The objective of this study was to characterize multi-employment among physicians and nurses working in general hospitalization and critical care during the pandemic in the province of Buenos Aires. METHODS: An exploratory, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted. Data were collected in the first quarter of 2021 with a structured anonymous self-administered survey using non-probabilistic chain sampling. RESULTS: A total of 96.3% of physicians and 68.1% of nurses reported being multi-employed. The mean number of jobs was 3.1 for physicians (between 1 and 5) and 1.9 for nurses (between 1 and 3). Nurses reported having jobs with longer hours, mostly public and stable employment. Multi-employed physicians reported greater variety in the form of hiring. In both professions, multi-employment is mainly motivated by economic reasons. DISCUSSION: Multi-employment is difficult to measure through official records. The proportion of self-reported multiemployment in this study exceeds the figures shown by official statistics and reports. The differences found between physicians and nurses regarding the number of jobs are still consistent with previous studies. The problem of multi-employment needs to be tackled by making employment less precarious, with improvements in economic and working conditions.Fil: Chaz Sardi, María Celeste. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Sur; ArgentinaFil: Martinez, Cintia Karina. Universidad Nacional del Sur; ArgentinaFil: Mirofsky, Matías Alberto. Sociedad Argentina de Medicina; ArgentinaFil: Lopez, Francisco Javier. Federacion Medica de la Provincia de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Garzaniti, Ramiro. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Ministerio de Salud; ArgentinaFil: Gubilei, Eliana Soledad. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Ministerio de Salud; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Lhopital, Cintia. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Ministerio de Salud; ArgentinaFil: González, Verónica. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Ministerio de Salud; ArgentinaFil: Duré, María Isabel. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Ministerio de Salud; ArgentinaFil: Garcia Dieguez, Marcelo. Universidad Nacional del Sur; Argentin

CIBERER : Spanish national network for research on rare diseases: A highly productive collaborative initiative

Altres ajuts: Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII); Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación.CIBER (Center for Biomedical Network Research; Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red) is a public national consortium created in 2006 under the umbrella of the Spanish National Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII). This innovative research structure comprises 11 different specific areas dedicated to the main public health priorities in the National Health System. CIBERER, the thematic area of CIBER focused on rare diseases (RDs) currently consists of 75 research groups belonging to universities, research centers, and hospitals of the entire country. CIBERER's mission is to be a center prioritizing and favoring collaboration and cooperation between biomedical and clinical research groups, with special emphasis on the aspects of genetic, molecular, biochemical, and cellular research of RDs. This research is the basis for providing new tools for the diagnosis and therapy of low-prevalence diseases, in line with the International Rare Diseases Research Consortium (IRDiRC) objectives, thus favoring translational research between the scientific environment of the laboratory and the clinical setting of health centers. In this article, we intend to review CIBERER's 15-year journey and summarize the main results obtained in terms of internationalization, scientific production, contributions toward the discovery of new therapies and novel genes associated to diseases, cooperation with patients' associations and many other topics related to RD research

Search for large extra dimensions in the production of jets and missing transverse energy in p(p)over-bar collisions at root s=1.96 TeV

We present the results of a search for new physics in the jets plus missing transverse energy data sample collected from 368 pb(-1) of p (p) over bar collisions at root s = 1.96 TeV recorded by the Collider Detector at Fermilab. We compare the number of events observed in the data with a data-based estimate of the standard model backgrounds contributing to this signature. We observe no significant excess of events, and we interpret this null result in terms of lower limits on the fundamental Planck scale for a large extra dimensions scenario

Spatiotemporal Characteristics of the Largest HIV-1 CRF02_AG Outbreak in Spain: Evidence for Onward Transmissions

Background and Aim: The circulating recombinant form 02_AG (CRF02_AG) is the predominant clade among the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) non-Bs with a prevalence of 5.97% (95% Confidence Interval-CI: 5.41–6.57%) across Spain. Our aim was to estimate the levels of regional clustering for CRF02_AG and the spatiotemporal characteristics of the largest CRF02_AG subepidemic in Spain.Methods: We studied 396 CRF02_AG sequences obtained from HIV-1 diagnosed patients during 2000–2014 from 10 autonomous communities of Spain. Phylogenetic analysis was performed on the 391 CRF02_AG sequences along with all globally sampled CRF02_AG sequences (N = 3,302) as references. Phylodynamic and phylogeographic analysis was performed to the largest CRF02_AG monophyletic cluster by a Bayesian method in BEAST v1.8.0 and by reconstructing ancestral states using the criterion of parsimony in Mesquite v3.4, respectively.Results: The HIV-1 CRF02_AG prevalence differed across Spanish autonomous communities we sampled from (p < 0.001). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 52.7% of the CRF02_AG sequences formed 56 monophyletic clusters, with a range of 2–79 sequences. The CRF02_AG regional dispersal differed across Spain (p = 0.003), as suggested by monophyletic clustering. For the largest monophyletic cluster (subepidemic) (N = 79), 49.4% of the clustered sequences originated from Madrid, while most sequences (51.9%) had been obtained from men having sex with men (MSM). Molecular clock analysis suggested that the origin (tMRCA) of the CRF02_AG subepidemic was in 2002 (median estimate; 95% Highest Posterior Density-HPD interval: 1999–2004). Additionally, we found significant clustering within the CRF02_AG subepidemic according to the ethnic origin.Conclusion: CRF02_AG has been introduced as a result of multiple introductions in Spain, following regional dispersal in several cases. We showed that CRF02_AG transmissions were mostly due to regional dispersal in Spain. The hot-spot for the largest CRF02_AG regional subepidemic in Spain was in Madrid associated with MSM transmission risk group. The existence of subepidemics suggest that several spillovers occurred from Madrid to other areas. CRF02_AG sequences from Hispanics were clustered in a separate subclade suggesting no linkage between the local and Hispanic subepidemics