Gestión organizacional para favorecer las influencias educativas en el colectivo de año académico universitario

Objetivo: Reflexionar teóricamente sobre el proceso de gestión organizacional del colectivo de año académico universitario y sus influencias educativas en el proceso docente-educativo. Métodos y técnicas: Fueron utilizados los métodos de investigación del nivel teórico y empírico con un enfoque cualitativo apoyado en el método dialéctico materialista. Principales resultados: Se caracterizó la gestión organizacional del colectivo de año de la educación superior a través de tres procesos: valorativo del contexto organizacional, proyectivo de su estructura organizacional y toma de decisiones colegiadas, y se definió la pertinencia formativa como su cualidad esencial, expresada en promover en sus miembros el desarrollo de niveles superiores de compromiso compartido y contextualizado, implicación colectiva y responsabilidad colectiva-participativa para mejorar las influencias educativas en el proceso docente-educativo. Conclusiones: Se precisó a la gestión organizacional del colectivo de año académico, como un proceso de proyección, ejecución y valoración, que genera la unidad e integridad de la organización, estabilidad relativa, identidad con esta y su sostenibilidad, cuya esencia es mejorar las influencias educativas en el proceso docente-educativo a través de las funciones, relaciones e interacciones que se establecen entre sus miembros, la sociedad y sus procesos inherentes; orientado a la pertinencia formativa condicionada por el contexto histórico social

Effectiveness of mixtures of vivianite and organic materials in preventing iron chlorosis in strawberry

Application of Fe salts with different organic matter sources has been demonstrated to be effective in preventing Fe deficiency chlorosis. The main objective of this work was to study the effectiveness of different Fe sources based on mixtures of humic substances or compost with vivianite in preventing this nutritional disorder in strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa cv Camarosa). To this end, a randomised block experiment involving four replications (3 plants per replication) and one factor (Fe source) was performed in a greenhouse using a calcareous growing medium. Iron sources studied were: (i) control without Fe, (ii) control with an effective Fe source in calcareous media (EDDHA-Fe, 0.1 g kg–1), (iii) vivianite (1 g kg–1 medium, which is the recommended rate), (iv) vivianite (1 g kg–1) + humic substances (HS 0.06 g kg–1), (v) vivianite (0.5 g kg–1) + HS (0.06 g kg–1) and (vi) a mixture of composted cork residue and vivianite at a 6:1 mass ratio (CORVIV) applied at a dose of 6 g kg–1 medium. All Fe sources were effective in increasing SPAD readings when compared with control without Fe. Treatments based on vivianite provided non-significantly different SPAD readings from that obtained with EDDHA-Fe. However, only CORVIV showed non-significantly different dry matter (DM) production, leaf area index, and total Fe content in the aerial part than EDDHA-Fe. Humic substances and vivianite at 1 g kg–1 increased DM yield in plants when compared with vivianite without HS, results with this last treatment being similar to those obtained with vivianite at 0.5 g kg–1 with HS. It can be concluded that studied sources of organic matter increased the efficiency of vivianite in preventing Fe chlorosis in strawberry, especially vivianite enriched cork compost which was as effective as EDDHA-Fe

Piometra como causa de perforación uterina espontánea en paciente con cáncer cervicouterino. Reporte de un caso.

El piometra es un padecimiento poco frecuente, con incidencia menor a 1 %. En la revisión de la bibliografía sólo se encontraron reportado 8 casos de rotura uterina espontánea por piometra en pacientes con cáncer cervicouterino. Esta entidad se manifiesta como peritonitis generalizada, que puede dar al traste con la vida del paciente si no se tiene en cuenta a la hora del diagnóstico. Se trata de una paciente de 73 años de edad con antecedentes de salud que presentó un cuadro de dolor abdominal agudo, fiebre de dos días de evolución, toma del estado general, distensión abdominal y signos inequívocos de peritonitis aguda. Al no disponer de ultrasonografía se le realizó punción abdominal extrayendo abundante pus, por lo que se decide hacer una laparotomía exploradora, detectándose peritonitis aguda generalizada con abundante pus libre en cavidad. Como causa básica de este cuadro se encontró una perforación uterina espontánea

Risk factors associated with the development of delirium in general ICU patients. A prospective observational study.

Objective We aimed to analyze risk factors related to the development of delirium, aiming for early intervention in patients with greater risk. Material and methods Observational study, including prospectively collected patients treated in a single general ICU. These were classified into two groups, according to whether they developed delirium or not (screening performed using CAM-ICU tool). Demographics and clinical data were analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to quantify existing associations. Results 1462 patients were included. 93 developed delirium (incidence: 6.3%). These were older, scored higher on the Clinical Frailty Scale, on the risk scores on admission (SAPS-3 and SOFA), and had a greater number of organ failures (OF). We observed more incidence of delirium in patients who (a) presented more than two OF (20.4%; OR 4.9; CI95%: 2.9–8.2), and (b) were more than 74 years old albeit having <2 OF (8.6%; OR 2.1; CI95%: 1.3–3.5). Patients who developed delirium had longer ICU and hospital length-of-stays and a higher rate of readmission. Conclusions The highest risk observed for developing delirium clustered in patients who presented more than 2 OF and patients over 74 years old. The detection of patients at high risk for developing delirium could imply a change in management and improved quality of care.post-print382 K

Pasemos REVISTA. Publicaciones Periódicas

De un modo gráfico, se explica la gestión de Publicaciones Periódicas en Koha, el procedimiento de trabajo desde la adquisición hasta el registro de ejemplares, la visualización en OPAC desde el punto de vista del usuario y la conservación de los fondos en las distintas ubicaciones

Associative learning and CA3–CA1 synaptic plasticity are impaired in D1r Null, Drd1a–/– mice and in hippocampal siRNA silenced Drd1a mice

Associative learning depends on multiple cortical and subcortical structures, including striatum, hippocampus, and amygdala. Both glutamatergic and dopaminergic neurotransmitter systems have been implicated in learning and memory consolidation. While the role of glutamate is well established, the role of dopamine and its receptors in these processes is less clear. In this study, we used two models of dopamine D₁ receptor (D₁R, Drd1a) loss, D₁R knock-out mice (Drd1a–/–) and mice with intrahippocampal injections of Drd1a-siRNA (small interfering RNA), to study the role of D₁R in different models of learning, hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) and associated gene expression. D₁R loss markedly reduced spatial learning, fear learning, and classical conditioning of the eyelid response, as well as the associated activity-dependent synaptic plasticity in the hippocampal CA1–CA3 synapse. These results provide the first experimental demonstration that D₁R is required for trace eyeblink conditioning and associated changes in synaptic strength in hippocampus of behaving mice. Drd1a-siRNA mice were indistinguishable from Drd1a–/– mice in all experiments, indicating that hippocampal knockdown was as effective as global inactivation and that the observed effects are caused by loss of D₁R and not by indirect developmental effects of Drd1a–/–. Finally, in vivo LTP and LTP-induced expression of Egr1 in the hippocampus were significantly reduced in Drd1a–/– and Drd1a-siRNA, indicating an important role for D₁R in these processes. Our data reveal a functional relationship between acquisition of associative learning, increase in synaptic strength at the CA3–CA1 synapse, and Egr1 induction in the hippocampus by demonstrating that all three are dramatically impaired when D₁R is eliminated or reduced

Plant-based diets and risk of frailty in community-dwelling older adults: the Seniors-ENRICA-1 cohort

Frailty is a geriatric syndrome that leads to increased risk of hospitalization, disability, and death. The effect of plant-based diets defined by the quality of their plant foods is unclear. Our objective is to study the association between two plant-based diet indices and the occurrence of frailty among community-dwelling older adults in Spain. We analyzed data from 1880 individuals aged ≥ 60 years from the Spanish Seniors ENRICA-1 cohort. We used a validated diet history to build two indices: (a) the healthful Plant-based Diet Index (hPDI) where healthy plant foods received positive scores, whereas less-healthy plant foods and animal foods received reverse scores; and (b) the unhealthful Plant-based Diet Index (uPDI), with positive scores to less-healthy plant foods and reverse scores to animal and healthy plant foods. Incident frailty was defined with the Fried phenotype. Study associations were summarized with odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) obtained from multivariable logistic models. After 3.3 years of follow-up, 136 incident frailty cases were ascertained. Comparing the highest vs. the lowest tertile of adherence, the OR [95% CI] for frailty was 0.43 (0.25–0.74; p-trend =.003) for the hPDI, and 2.89 (1.73–4.84; p-trend <.001) for the uPDI. Higher consumption of healthy plant foods was inversely associated with frailty (0.39 [0.23–0.66; p-trend < 0.001]); higher consumption of unhealthy plant foods was associated with higher frailty risk (2.40 [1.23–4.71; p-trend =.01]). In older adults, the hPDI was associated with lower risk of frailty, while the opposite was found for the uPDIOpen Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature. This work was supported by the Institute of Health Carlos III; the Secretary of R+D+I; the European Regional Development Fund/European Social Fund (FIS grant numbers 19/319, 20/896, FI29/00162 to MDV); the National Plan on Drugs (grant number 2020/17); Fundación Soria Melguizo (MITOFUN project); Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (grant number RYC 2018- 02069I to MSP); Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (FPI contract to ACC). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscrip

Prevalence of Child-Adolescent Chronic Pathologies in Cantabria (Spain)

Objective: The study of child-adolescent chronic pathologies (CACPs) is a relevant aspect for public health and this knowledge is necessary for prevention and control. Our objective was to analyze the prevalence and distribution of the main CACPs in the region of Cantabria (Spain). Methodology: The stratified data were obtained from the whole child and adolescent population treated by the Cantabria Health Service in the year 2019. The prevalence of the most frequent CACPs and their differences based on sex, urban non-urban location and levels of complexity and risk were assessed. The statistical analysis was performed with the SPSS program. Results: 90,163 people aged from birth to 17-year-olds were analyzed (48.7% girls and 51.3% boys). At least one CACP was present in 29.1% of the population studied (26,234). CACPs were less prevalent in girls (25.5%) than in boys (32.6%), (?2, p <0.001; OR: 0.708; IC 95%: 0.688-0.729). The two most common CACPs were: asthma (16.7%) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (6.3%). Multimorbidity occurred in 1,978 girls (4.5%) and in 2,916 boys (6.3%). Those chronic pathologies were less prevalent in urban areas (26.5%) than in non-urban areas (28.0%), (?2, p <0.001; OR: 1.037; 95% CI: 1.023-1.052). CACPs level of complexity was slightly higher in girls and in non-urban locations. The level of risk was similar when sex and location where compared. Conclusion: CACPs were very common in the age group studied. Our data indicate that not only is there a need for a greater number of descriptive studies, but also a greater accuracy on the clinical records of CACPs. These actions would allow the implementation of effective programs for prevention and early detection of CACPs and better treatment and control, once they are diagnosed

Barreras discriminatorias para el ejercicio profesional de los enfermeros peruanos

Introduction: In Peru, the number of nurses has increased fourfold, and is the biggest professional group in the health sector; however, there would be factors that contribute with wage discrimination in the labor market. Objective: identify factors for labor discrimination in Peruvian nurses. Material and methods: A secondary analysis of the "National Survey of University Graduates and Universities 2014" was conducted. Probabilistic, stratified, single-stage and independent sample in each selected university included 548 nurses. Multivariate analysis was performed using logistic regression and the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) was obtained with its 95% confidence interval (95% CI) and Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness of fit test. Results: Women had a higher risk of unemployment (aOR: 3,401; 95%CI: 2.447-4.725) and total compensation of less than S/.1000 (aOR: 1.496; 95%CI: 1.229-1.821). Graduates of universities not located in Lima and Callao had a higher risk of: unemployment (aOR: 1.269; 95%CI: 1.105-1.457); work not related to vocational training (aOR: 2.603; 95%CI: 1.703-2.499); and total remuneration less than S/.1000 (aOR: 1.660; 95%CI: 1.456-1.892). If the main work was not related to vocational training exposes the professional to a higher risk of less than S/.1000 total remuneration (aOR: 11.125; 95%CI: 9.221-13.421) and it was decisive for having two or more occupations (aOR: 1,381; IC95 %: 1,196-1,594). The Hosmer-Lemeshow test showed that these factors provided better fit to the data (p&gt; 0.05). Conclusion: Sex, etnicity, type of management and location of the university determine discrimination in Peruvian nurses for accessing to the labor market and their remuneration.Introducción: En el Perú, el número de enfermeros se ha cuadruplicado y es el grupo profesional más numeroso del sector salud; sin embargo, existirían factores que aportan a la discriminación salarial en el mercado laboral. Objetivo: identificar los factores que determinan la discriminación laboral en enfermeros peruanos. Material y métodos: Se realizó el análisis secundario de la “Encuesta Nacional a Egresados Universitarios y Universidades 2014”. La muestra probabilística, estratificada, unietápica e independiente en cada universidad seleccionada incluyó a 548 enfermeros. El análisis multivariado se realizó mediante regresión logística y se obtuvo el odds ratio ajustado (ORa) con su intervalo de confianza al 95% (IC95%) y prueba de bondad de ajuste Hosmer-Lemeshow. Resultados: Se observó que las mujeres tuvieron mayor riesgo de desocupación laboral (ORa:3,401; IC95%:2,447-4,725) y remuneración total inferior a 1000 soles (ORa:1,496; IC95%:1,229-1,821). Los egresados de universidades no ubicadas en Lima y Callao tuvieron mayor riesgo de desocupación (ORa:1,269; IC95%:1,105-1,457); trabajar en una actividad no relacionada a la formación profesional (ORa:2,603; IC95%:1,703-2,499); remuneración total inferior a S/.1000 (ORa:1,660; IC95%:1,456-1,892). La actividad laboral principal no relacionada a la formación profesional expuso a mayor riesgo de remuneración total inferior a S/.1000 (ORa:11,125; IC95%:9,221-13,421) y esta última fue determinante para tener dos o más ocupaciones (ORa:1,381; IC95%:1,196 - 1,594). La prueba de Hosmer-Lemeshow demostró que estos factores proporcionaban mejor ajuste a los datos (p&gt;0,05). Conclusión: sexo, etnicidad, tipo de gestión y ubicación de la universidad determinan la discriminación en el acceso al mercado laboral y remuneración de los enfermeros peruano