Los factores motivacionales que predicen la selección de Educación Física optativa: prospectiva en alumnado de bachillerato

The choice of optional physical education could be conditioned by personal elements, such as goals or motivation, or contextual, such as perceived teaching behaviour. The aims of this study were to analyse the differences between students who chose (or not) Physical Education and to determine to what extent goal orientations, motivational regulations, and perceived teaching behaviors predict that decision. A sample of 756 adolescents from 14 public centres in Valencian Region enrolled in second grade of high school (Mage 17.06, SD = 0.75), of which 422 were girls (55.8%) participated in the study. Students who voluntarily chose Physical Education presented a different motivational profile, scored higher in all approximation goals (and avoidance), intrinsic motivation, identified and introjected and lower in amotivation. They also showed a marked profile in the teaching styles perceived in the subject in the past (support for autonomy and structured). Finally, the factor that best predicted this choice was the participatory behavior perceived by the student (teaching style supporting autonomy), followed by the orientation of the goal of approximation-task, dominant behaviors (negative), and intrinsic regulation.La elección de Educación Física optativa podría estar condicionada por las metas personales o la motivación del alumnado o por las conductas docentes percibidas. Los objetivos del trabajo han sido analizar las diferencias entre el alumnado que elige (o no) Educación Física y determinar en qué medida las orientaciones de meta, las regulaciones motivacionales y las conductas docentes percibidas predicen esa decisión. Participaron 756 adolescentes de 14 centros públicos de la Comunidad Valenciana que cursaban 2.º de Bachillerato (Medad = 17.06 años, DT = 0.75), de los cuales 422 eran chicas (55.8%). Aquellos que sí eligieron Educación Física presentaban un perfil diferenciado, es decir, puntuaban más alto en todas las metas de aproximación (y evitación), en regulación intrínseca, identificada e introyectada y más bajo en desmotivación. También mostraban un marcado perfil en los estilos docentes percibidos en la asignatura en el pasado (apoyo a la autonomía y estructurado). Finalmente, el factor que mejor predijo esta elección fue la conducta participativa percibida (estilo docente de apoyo a la autonomía), seguido de la orientación de la meta de aproximación-tarea, las conductas dominadoras (en negativo) y la regulación intrínseca

Contextos de aprendizaje en la Universidad: ¿qué dicen los y las estudiantes del practicum?

A través de los diarios y de los diversos escenarios de diálogo con los estudiantes, estos dan cuenta de que el practicum es el momento más esperado de toda la formación. Pero ¿cómo perciben ambos espacios, la universidad y el centro, durante el prácticum? ¿Hablamos de contextos diferentes con diferentes lenguajes o por el contrario construimos un contexto de aprendizaje múltiple reflexivo?. En esta presentación pretendemos ofrecer la percepción que tienen los estudiantes de esta relación y del sentido del aprendizaje en ambos contextos. Se entiende que el contexto de aprendizaje en la relación universidad – escuela deben estar entrelazados, en los que profesorado y alumnado transita entre uno y otro. Por tanto se supone que en el prácticum se construye un contexto de aprendizaje compartido, múltiple y reflexivo, en el que se ponen en juego los conocimientos, las creencias, las tradiciones y las expectativas. Los relatos de los estudiantes generalmente muestran un panorama bien diferente, con contextos de aprendizaje separados y en contradicción en muchas ocasiones: La formación en la universidad y las rutinas escolares, que representan el horizonte laboral próximo, se mueven en el terreno del conflicto conceptual, teórico e ideológico. En este marco se ven en la necesidad de optar, tomar partido y definir posiciones respecto al sentido y el valor de la práctica educativa en relación a las propuestas de formación, y viceversa. ¿Cómo resuelven los estudiantes este dilema, no siempre explícito? Algunas de las cuestiones que estamos analizando muestran una realidad peculiar: - Se confirma el aprendizaje disciplinar - La escuela como espacio profesional es un lugar incuestionable, incluso desde lo afectivo. - Se desarrolla una particular idea de infancia, como sujeto dependiente. - El orden, la disciplina, el silencio son valorados como necesarios. - La técnica, el procedimiento y lo estratégico se sitúa en un lugar central del trabajo docente. - Etc. En síntesis se puede decir que el prácticum tiene un gran componente emocional como experiencia de aprendizaje en interacción, que implica al alumnado en su visión de la profesión.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Oxidation of aldehydes used as food additives by peroxynitrite

Benzaldehyde and its derivatives are used as food supplements. These substances can be used mainly as flavorings or as antioxidants. Besides, peroxynitrite, an oxidizing agent, could be formed in canned food. Both species could react between them. The present article has focused on the kinetic study of the oxidation of aldehydes by peroxynitrite. A reaction mechanism that justifies all the experimental results is proposed. This mechanism, in acidic media, passes through three competitive pathways: (a) a radical attack that produces benzoic acid. (b) peracid oxidation, and (c) a nucleophilic attack of peroxynitrous acid over aldehyde to form an intermediate, X, that produces benzoic acid, or, through a Cannizzaro-type reaction, benzoic acid and benzyl alcohol. All rate constants involved in the third pathway (c) have been calculated. These results have never been described in the literature in acid media. A pH effect was analyzed

Differential growth and development of the upper and lower human thorax

The difficulties in quantifying the 3D form and spatial relationships of the skeletal components of the ribcage present a barrier to studies of the growth of the thoracic skeleton. Thus, most studies to date have relied on traditional measurements such as distances and indices from single or few ribs. It is currently known that adult-like thoracic shape is achieved early, by the end of the second postnatal year, with the circular cross-section of the newborn thorax transforming into the ovoid shape of adults; and that the ribs become inclined such that their anterior borders come to lie inferior to their posterior. Here we present a study that revisits growth changes using geometric morphometrics applied to extensive landmark data taken from the ribcage. We digitized 402 (semi) landmarks on 3D reconstructions to assess growth changes in 27 computed tomography-scanned modern humans representing newborns to adults of both sexes. Our analyses show a curved ontogenetic trajectory, resulting from different ontogenetic growth allometries of upper and lower thoracic units. Adult thoracic morphology is achieved later than predicted, by diverse modifications in different anatomical regions during different ontogenetic stages. Besides a marked increase in antero-posterior dimensions, there is an increase in medio-lateral dimensions of the upper thorax, relative to the lower thorax. This transforms the pyramidal infant thorax into the barrel-shaped one of adults. Rib descent is produced by complex changes in 3D curvature. Developmental differences between upper and lower thoracic regions relate to differential timings and rates of maturation of the respiratory and digestive systems, the spine and the locomotor system. Our findings are relevant to understanding how changes in the relative rates of growth of these systems and structures impacted on the development and evolution of modern human body shapeCGL2012-37279 (Spanish Ministry for Economy and Competition) Fyssen-foundation (http://www.fondationfyssen.fr

Palladium(II)-Catalyzed annulation between ortho-alkenylphenols and allenes. Key role of the metal geometry in determining the reaction outcome

2-Alkenylphenols react with allenes, upon treatment with catalytic amounts of Pd(II) and Cu(II), to give benzoxepine products in high yields and with very good regio- and diastereoselectivities. This contrasts with the results obtained with Rh catalysts, which provided chromene-like products through a pathway involving a β-hydrogen elimination step. Computational studies suggest that the square planar geometry of the palladium is critical to favor the reductive elimination process required for the formation of the oxepine productsThis work was supported by the Spanish MINECO (grant:SAF2013-41943-R), the ERDF, the European Research Council (Advanced Grant No. 340055) and the Xunta de Galicia (grants: GRC2013-041 and 2015-CP082). We also thank the orfeo-cinqa CTQ2014-51912-REDC. K.P.D.R. thanks the Coordenaça̧o de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de ̧Nıvel Superior (CAPES, Brazil) for the Ph.D scholarship. We ́thank Dr. M. Martınez for XRD analysis. All calculations were ́carried out at Centro de Supercomputación de Galicia (CESGA

Assessment of the anthropic and natural processes that induce the removal of a dune field on provincial route 11, province of Buenos Aires, Argentina

En la costa atlántica de la provincia de Buenos Aires (Argentina), el desarrollo de ciudades, balnearios y de infraestructuras orientadas a la actividad turística presenta diferentes problemáticas ambientales que afectan la dinámica natural de la zona litoral En este trabajo, se evaluaron los procesos antrópicos y naturales que originaron la removilización e intrusión de un campo de dunas sobre la Ruta Provincial 11 que conecta las ciudades de Mar del Plata y Miramar. Se realizaron análisis históricos de la degradación de dunas costeras generadas por tránsito de motos y vehículos doble tracción, con imágenes satelitales y programas de SIG para evaluar cuantitativamente este proceso en el tiempo. Complementariamente se realizaron estudios geomorfológicos, censos de vegetación y análisis granulométricos de los sedimentos removilizados. Se encontró que los principales factores de modificación en el paisaje tienen origen antrópico reciente, siendo necesaria una nueva intervención humana para revertir y mitigar los efectos mal uso del cuerpo medanoso sobre la ruta. Se propone al municipio un plan de gestión que incluye la fijación con vegetación del frente del médano, así como proteger y controlar los usos del área que abarca el sistema medanoso.On the Atlantic coast of the Buenos Aires province (Argentina), the development of coastal cities and infrastructures oriented to tourist activity presents different environmental problems that affects its natural dynamics. In this study, the anthropic and natural processes that originated the remobilization and intrusion of a dune field on Provincial Route 11 connecting the cities of Mar del Plata and Miramar were evaluated. Historical analysis of the degradation of coastal dunes were carried out with satellite images and GIS programs to quantitatively evaluate this process over time. In addition, geomorphological studies, plant censuses and grain size analysis of the remobilized sediments were carried out. It was found that the main factors of modification in the landscape have anthropogenic origin, requiring human intervention to mitigate the effects of the impact of the dune body on the route. A management plan that includes the fixation with vegetation of the front of the dune, as well as protecting and controlling the uses of the area covered by the dune system is proposed.Fil: García González, Pablo. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Geología de Costas y del Cuaternario. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas. Instituto de Geología de Costas y del Cuaternario; ArgentinaFil: Martinez, Gustavo Adolfo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Geología de Costas y del Cuaternario. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas. Instituto de Geología de Costas y del Cuaternario; ArgentinaFil: Alvarez, Maria Fernanda. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Geología de Costas y del Cuaternario. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas. Instituto de Geología de Costas y del Cuaternario; ArgentinaFil: del Rio, Julio Luis. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Geología de Costas y del Cuaternario. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas. Instituto de Geología de Costas y del Cuaternario; ArgentinaFil: Taverna, Bernardo Daniel. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Geología de Costas y del Cuaternario. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas. Instituto de Geología de Costas y del Cuaternario; Argentin

Diseñando el futuro de la docencia de grado en la facultad de odontología de la UCM

Fac. de OdontologíaFALSEsubmitte

Identification of non-coding genetic variants in samples from hypoxemic respiratory disease patients that affect the transcriptional response to hypoxia

A wide range of diseases course with an unbalance between the consumption of oxygen by tissues and its supply. This situation triggers a transcriptional response, mediated by the hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs), that aims to restore oxygen homeostasis. Little is known about the inter-individual variation in this response and its role in the progression of disease. Herein, we sought to identify common genetic variants mapping to hypoxia response elements (HREs) and characterize their effect on transcription. To this end, we constructed a list of genome-wide HIF-binding regions from publicly available experimental datasets and studied the genetic variability in these regions by targeted re-sequencing of genomic samples from 96 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and 144 obstructive sleep apnea patients. This study identified 14 frequent variants disrupting potential HREs. The analysis of the genomic regions containing these variants by means of reporter assays revealed that variants rs1009329, rs6593210 and rs150921338 impaired the transcriptional response to hypoxia. Finally, using genome editing we confirmed the functional role of rs6593210 in the transcriptional regulation of EGFR. In summary, we found that inter-individual variability in non-coding regions affect the response to hypoxia and could potentially impact on the progression of pulmonary diseases.Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, MICINN) [SAF2011 24225 to LdelP, SAF2014-53819-R to L.delP., B.J.]; Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid [S2010/BMD-2542 to L.delP., F.G.R., J.A.], Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica (SEPAR) [34/2013 to LdelP, F.G.R.]; Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria/Instituto de Salud Carlos III [PI13-01512 to F.G.R.]; Fundación Caja Madrid (Beca de Movilidad para Profesores de las Universidades Públicas de Madrid 2011–2012 to L.delP); Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) [MOP-82875 to W.W.W.]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) [RGPIN355532-10 to W.W.W.]; National Institutes of Health [1R01GM084875 toW.W.W.]; CSIC (Spanish National Research Council) [JAE-Doc grant-2010 to O.R., in part by the European Social Fund]. Spanish science, technology and innovation contract [University of Castilla-LaMancha-2014 to O.R., in part by the European Social Fund]. Funding for open access charge: MICINN [SAF2011 24225 to L.delP., SAF2014-53819-R to L.delP., B.J.

Real-world effectiveness of caplacizumab vs the standard of care in immune thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura

Immune thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (iTTP) is a thrombotic microangiopathy caused by anti-ADAMTS13 antibodies. Caplacizumab is approved for adults with an acute episode of iTTP in conjunction with plasma exchange (PEX) and immunosuppression. The objective of this study was to analyze and compare the safety and efficacy of caplacizumab vs the standard of care and assess the effect of the concomitant use of rituximab. A retrospective study from the Spanish TTP Registry of patients treated with caplacizumab vs those who did not receive it was conducted. A total of 155 patients with iTTP (77 caplacizumab, 78 no caplacizumab) were included. Patients initially treated with caplacizumab had fewer exacerbations (4.5% vs 20.5%; P <.05) and less refractoriness (4.5% vs 14.1%; P <.05) than those who were not treated. Time to clinical response was shorter when caplacizumab was used as initial treatment vs caplacizumab used after refractoriness or exacerbation. The multivariate analysis showed that its use in the first 3 days after PEX was associated with a lower number of PEX (odds ratio, 7.5; CI, 2.3-12.7; P <.05) and days of hospitalization (odds ratio, 11.2; CI, 5.6-16.9; P <.001) compared with standard therapy. There was no difference in time to clinical remission in patients treated with caplacizumab compared with the use of rituximab. No severe adverse event was described in the caplacizumab group. In summary, caplacizumab reduced exacerbations and refractoriness compared with standard of care regimens. When administered within the first 3 days after PEX, it also provided a faster clinical response, reducing hospitalization time and the need for PEX