Genetic resources of Spanish hulled wheats

Emmer (Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccum Schrank em Thell, syn T. dicoccon Schrank) and spelt (T. aestivum ssp. spelta L. em Thell.) are two hulled wheats that are still grown in some Spanish regions, mainly in Asturias (North of Spain), where are indistinctly named as escanda. One recent collecting mission carried out in this Spanish zone has showed the scarce presence of emmer (4 populations), together with the presence of foreigner spelt that could change the genetic patrimony of the escanda, because of present agronomic characteristics more adapted to the present requirements than the autochthon spelt lines. This supposes one clear danger to the maintaining of these hulled wheats, together with the lost of diversity associated to them. The endosperm storage proteins have showed to be good markers for measure of this diversity. The analysis of the autochthon populations collected showed wide variation for the storage proteins, also as for morphological traits. In conclusion, we think that the evaluation of these genetic resources could be useful for enlarging the background of the modern wheats. Likewise, for the obtaining of escanda lines with better agronomical, morphological and quality traits than the actual lines, with the advantage of to be materials adapted to the special conditions of the cultivated zon

Variation of High Molecular Weight Glutenin Subunits in Two Neglected Tetraploid Wheat Subspecies

The genetic diversity of 140 accessions of Triticum turgidum ssp. carthlicum Nevski em. A. Löve & D. Löve and 159 accessions of T. turgidum ssp. polonicum L. em. Thell. was evaluated by the analysis of HMW glutenin subunits. Seven allelic variants were found among the carthlicum accessions: three at the Glu-A1 locus (two of them were novel alleles) and four at the Glu-B1 locus (one of them novel). More variability was found among the polonicum accessions with 16 allelic variants: six at the Glu-A1 locus (three of them novel), and ten at the Glu-B1 locus (five of them novel). Totally, ten new alleles were found, one of which appeared in both subspecies. Out of 19 different combinations of alleles detected in both subspecies, 14 were novel. Based on the available passport data, the carthlicum accessions could be separated by origin into 18 groups, and the polonicum accessions into 33 such groups. The genetic diversity was lower among the carthlicum (Ht = 0.174) than among the polonicum accessions (Ht = 0.562). In both subspecies, most diversity was present between groups differing in origin, whereas diversity within the groups was very low. The detected variability offers possibilities for the improvement of bread making quality in durum wheat through introduction of newly detected alleles and for the broadening of genetic diversity in this wheat species

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Activation of microglia in specific hypothalamic nuclei and the cerebellum of adult rats exposed to neonatal overnutrition

Much attention has been drawn to the possible involvement of hypothalamic inflammation in the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders, especially in response to a high-fat diet. Microglia, the macrophages of the central nervous system, can be activated by proinflammatory signals resulting in the local production of specific interleukins and cytokines, which in turn could exacerbate the pathogenic process. Because obesity itself is considered to be a state of chronic inflammation, we evaluated whether being overweight results in microglial activation in the hypothalamus of rats on a normal diet. Accordingly, we used a model of neonatal overnutrition that entailed adjustment of litter size at birth (small litters: four pups/dam versus normal litters: 12 pups/dam) and resulted in a 15% increase in bodyweight and increased circulating leptin levels at postnatal day 60. Rats that were overnourished during neonatal life had an increased number of activated microglia in specific hypothalamic areas such as the ventromedial hypothalamus, which is an important site for metabolic control. However, this effect was not confined to the hypothalamus because significant microglial activation was also observed in the cerebellar white matter. There was no change in circulating tumour necrosis factor (TNF) α levels or TNFα mRNA levels in either the hypothalamus or cerebellum. Interleukin (IL)6 protein levels were higher in both the hypothalamus and cerebellum, with no change in IL6 mRNA levels. Because circulating IL6 levels were elevated, this rise in central IL6 could be a result of increased uptake. Thus, activation of microglia occurs in adult rats exposed to neonatal overnutrition and a moderate increase in weight gain on a normal diet, possibly representing a secondary response to systemic inflammation. Moreover, this activation could result in local changes in specific hypothalamic nuclei that in turn further deregulate metabolic homeostasi

2D magnetic domain wall ratchet: The limit of submicrometric holes

The study of ratchet and crossed-ratchet effects in magnetic domain wall motion through 2D arrays of asymmetric holes is extended in this article to the submicrometric limit in hole size (small size regime). Therefore, the gap has been closed between the 2D ratchets in the range of tens-of-micrometers (large size regime) and the small size regime 1D ratchets based on nanowires. The combination of Kerr microscopy, X-ray PhotoEmission Electron Microscopy and micromagnetic simulations has allowed a full magnetic characterisation of both the domain wall (DW) propagation process over the whole array and the local DW morphology and pinning at the holes. It is found that the 2D small size limit is driven by the interplay between DW elasticity and half vortex propagation along hole edges: as hole size becomes comparable to DW width, flat DW propagation modes are favoured over kinked DW propagation due to an enhancement of DW stiffness, and pinned DW segments adopt asymmetric configurations related with Néel DW chirality. Nevertheless, both ratchet and crossed-ratchet effects have been experimentally found, and we propose a new ratchet/inverted-ratchet effect in the submicrometric range driven by magnetic fields and electrical currents respectively

Prospective transGEICAM study of the impact of the 21-gene Recurrence Score assay and traditional clinicopathological factors on adjuvant clinical decision making in women with estrogen receptor-positive (ER1) node-negative breast cancer

Este artículo ha sido publicado en Annals of Oncology. Esta versión tiene Licencia Creative Commons CC-BY.This study examined the impact of the Recurrence Score (RS) in Spanish breast cancer patients and explored the associations between clinicopathological markers and likelihood of change in treatment recommendations. Patients and methods: Enrollment was offered consecutively to eligible women with estrogen receptor-positive; human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative, node-negative breast cancer. Oncologists recorded treatment recommendation and confidence in it before and after knowing the patient’s RS. Results: Treatment recommendation changed in 32% of 107 patients enrolled: in 21% from chemohormonal (CHT) to hormonal therapy (HT) and in 11% from HT to CHT. RS was associated with the likelihood of change from HT to CHT (P < 0.001) and from CHT to HT (P < 0.001). Confidence of oncologists in treatment recommendations increased for 60% of cases. Higher tumor grade (P = 0.007) and a high proliferative index (Ki-67) (P = 0.023) were significantly associated with a greater chance of changing from HT to CHT, while positive progesterone receptor status (P = 0.002) with a greater probability of changing from CHT to HT. Conclusions: Results from the first prospective European study are consistent with published experience and use of the RS as proposed in European clinical practice guidelines and provide evidence on how Oncotype DX and clinicopathological factors are complementary and patient selection may be improved.This work was supported in part by Plan Nacional de Investigacio´ n Cientı´fica, Desarrollo e Innovacio´ n Tecnolo´ gica (I + D + I), iniciativa Ingenio 2010, programa Consolider and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII)/FEDER (RD06/0020/0109, RD06/0020/0080, RD06/002/002); PN de I + D + I 2008-20011, and ISCIII/FEDER—Subdireccio´n General de Evaluacio´n y Fomento de la Investigacio´n (PS09/01285, PS09/01700, PS09/ 01296 FIS PI04417, FIS PI082031, CIT-090000-2008-010,); DIUE Generalitat de Catalunya

The alpha-galactosidase A p.Arg118Cys variant does not cause a Fabry disease phenotype: data from individual patients and family studies

Acessível em: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4423738/Lysosomal α-galactosidase A (α-Gal) is the enzyme deficient in Fabry disease (FD), an X-linked glycosphingolipidosis caused by pathogenic mutations affecting the GLA gene. The early-onset, multi-systemic FD classical phenotype is associated with absent or severe enzyme deficiency, as measured by in vitro assays, but patients with higher levels of residual α-Gal activity may have later-onset, more organ-restricted clinical presentations. A change in the codon 118 of the wild-type α-Gal sequence, replacing basic arginine by a potentially sulfhydryl-binding cysteine residue - GLA p.(Arg118Cys) -, has been recurrently described in large FD screening studies of high-risk patients. Although the Cys118 allele is associated with high residual α-Gal activity in vitro, it has been classified as a pathogenic mutation, mainly on the basis of theoretical arguments about the chemistry of the cysteine residue. However its pathogenicity has never been convincingly demonstrated by pathology criteria. We reviewed the clinical, biochemical and histopathology data obtained from 22 individuals of Portuguese and Spanish ancestry carrying the Cys118 allele, including 3 homozygous females. Cases were identified either on the differential diagnosis of possible FD manifestations and on case-finding studies (n=11; 4 males), or on unbiased cascade screening of probands' close relatives (n=11; 3 males). Overall, those data strongly suggest that the GLA p.(Arg118Cys) variant does not segregate with FD clinical phenotypes in a Mendelian fashion, but might be a modulator of the multifactorial risk of cerebrovascular disease. The Cys118 allelic frequency in healthy Portuguese adults (n=696) has been estimated as 0.001, therefore not qualifying for "rare" condition

Measurement off f(s)/f(u) Variation with Proton-Proton Collision Energy and B-Meson Kinematics

The ratio of the B0s and B+ fragmentation fractions fs and fu is studied with B0s→J/ψϕ and B+→J/ψK+ decays using data collected by the LHCb experiment in proton-proton collisions at 7, 8, and 13 TeV center-of-mass energies. The analysis is performed in bins of B-meson momentum, longitudinal momentum, transverse momentum, pseudorapidity, and rapidity. The fragmentation-fraction ratio fs/fu is observed to depend on the B-meson transverse momentum with a significance of 6.0σ. This dependency is driven by the 13 TeV sample (8.7σ), while the results for the other collision energies are not significant when considered separately. Furthermore, the results show a 4.8σ evidence for an increase of fs/fu as a function of collision energy

Cadomian and Variscan sutures of Iberia: a comparison

p.11-12. -A meeting held as a tribute to Teodoro Palacios on his retirement as Professor of Palaeontology at the University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain, 26th & 27th January, 2022, University of Extremadura, Badajoz. Edited by Sören Jensen[EN] The Iberian Massif holds evidence of two pre-Mesozoic orogenies, namely the Cadomian and Variscan. The Cadomian Orogeny resulted from long-lived subduction under the periphery of Gondwana during the Neoproterozoic and early Paleozoic. The Variscan Orogen resulted from the progressive collision of Gondwana, Laurussia and their pericontinental terranes during the Devonian and Carboniferous, after the closure of the Rheic Ocean and other marginal basins located along their mainlands. Despite these two orogens differ from one another in the global context from which they emerged, in Iberia they share some characteristics that make them intriguingly alike. The Variscan Orogen contains two major sutures zones. One that separates mainland Gondwana from peri-Gondwanan terranes (intra-Gondwana suture), and another one separating Laurussia from the latter terranes (Rheic suture). The Variscan intra-Gondwana suture is Tectonically dismembered and separates a collection of terranes with continental crust affinity that were transported inland from the periphery of Gondwana during the closure of a (Devonian) marginal basin opened during ongoing convergence between Gondwana and Laurussia (e.g., Careón Ophiolite), ⁓15 million years after the onset of the Variscan Orogen. This process was the result of subduction polarity towards Laurussia, i.e. away from mainland Gondwana. The exhumation of the ophiolites and high-P rocks in this suture was largely controlled by syn-convergence extensional tectonics. The current structure of the Rheic suture, on the other hand, is the result of reworking after the opening of an ephemeral oceanic basin (Beja-Acebuches Ophiolite). Subduction polarity during both the closure of the primary suture zone and the closure of the ephemeral basin were beneath mainland Gondwana. However, the closure of the ephemeral basin developed flake tectonics and obduction of pieces of the ocean basin onto the upper plate. Suture zones in the Cadomian Orogen went unnoticed until few years ago. Despite being intensely reworked by Variscan deformation, the ongoing structural, tectonometamorphic, geochemical and geochronological studies provide first-order constrains on their primary (Cadomian) geometry as well as insight on the paleogeographic location of subduction zones that led to their formation. A collective, yet preliminary analysis of these sutures, pictures a major architecture of the Cadomian Orogen that contain, at least, two sutures zones. One Cadomian suture is identified in the Mérida Ophiolite, which separates an upper and lower plate, both with continental crust affinity and likely Gondwanan derivation (intra-Gondwana suture). This intra-Gondwana suture was formed after the closure by subduction away from mainland Gondwana of a marginal basin that opened during ongoing convergence between Gondwana and an oceanic plate, millions of years after the onset of the Cadomian Orogen. The exhumation of the ophiolite and mid-P rocks that make this suture was largely controlled by syn-convergence extensional tectonics. Another Cadomian suture is represented by the Calzadilla Ophiolite, whose protoliths formed in a fore-arc basin to the most external part of Gondwana. The location of this suture zone is explained by flake tectonics, which contributed to the obduction of the ophiolite onto the upper plate while ongoing subduction was beneath mainland Gondwana. Cadomian and Variscan sutures share fundamental characteristics regarding the paleolocation of the ocean basins they derive from and the overall resulting geometry and tectonic processes involved in their formation. The suture zones that represent the closure of basins located at the outermost section of peri-Gondwana, and closely facing subduction underneath Gondwana (Calzadilla and Beja-Acebuches ophiolites), were obducted inwards onto mainland Gondwana (upper plate). The intra-Gondwana suture zones (Careón and Mérida ophiolites) formed after subduction of a marginal basin beneath the periphery of Gondwana, and the exhumation of rock units of the subduction system was largely assisted by syn-convergence extensional tectonics following subduction-accretion. The Variscan and Cadomian orogens, despite being formed in different contexts (oceanic subduction vs. continental collision), share two major features. Both are (i) mostly built by Gondwanan lithosphere, and (ii) occupy the upper plate of a subduction zone that consumed a large ocean. These two orogens alternate phases of contraction and extension (mostly concentrated in the upper plate). In both cases, extension was intense enough as to create marginal ocean basins and to favor exhumation of deep-seated rocks (quite common in upper plates). Perhaps, these major features they share may explain the resemblance of the final global architecture of these two orogens, and provide additional arguments to consider Gondwana as resistant to subduction and recycling in the mantle and prone to crustal growth, being the upper plate to the orogenic systems it was involved in during at least 300 m.y.Peer reviewe

Revista de Vertebrados de la Estación Biológica de Doñana

Catálogo descriptivo de los anfibios y reptiles de CubaEvolución estacional de la comunidad de aves en un robledal de Sierra NevadaComposición de la comunidad de aves en pinares del Parque Nacional de Doñana (suroeste de España).Alimentación de la pagaza piconegra (Gelochelidon nilotica) en las marismas del GuadalquivirContaminación xenobiótica del Parque Nacional de Doñana. III. Residuos de insecticidas organoclorados, bifenilos policlorados y metales pesados en ciconiformesAlimentación de la lechuza común Tyto alba en la cuenca del Duero, EspañaEstudio de una población rural de (Mus musculus L.) I. La probabilidad de captura y la estima numéricLa reproducción en Gazella dorcasIncidencia del Nemátodo parásito Skrjabingylus Leuckart, 1842 sobre el Mustela en España.Desplazamientos de ungulados silvestres a través de una zona de ecotono en Doñana.Etograma de la cabra montés (Capra pyrenaica) y comparación con otras especies.Sobre comportamiento agresivo de Triturus marmoratus en época de celoEmbarrancamiento masivo de ejemplares de tortuga lad (Dermochelys coriacea L.) en las costas de Ceuta (España, norte de África)Sobre un ejemplar melánico de Podarcis hispanica (Steindachner, 1870)Nuevos datos sobre la distribución de cuatro especies de reptiles en la provincia de Cádiz.Algunos datos sobre la nidificación de Ciconia nigra L. en sierra Morena (S. España)Observación del halcón de Eleonor (Falco eleonorae) en el centro de EspañaNueva localidad de cría del pájaro moscón (Remiz pendulinus) en la Península IbéricaRegistro de aves en el sur de BoliviaNidificación del paiño de Madeira Oceanodroma castro (Harcourt, 1851) en las Islas Canarias.Observación primaveral de Phalaropus fulicarius L. en el SO de EspañaNuevos datos sobre la presencia del nóctulo gigante Nyctalus lasiopterus (Chiroptera, vespertilionidae) en EspañaNote sur l'alimentation de Martes martes a Menorca (Baleares).Peer reviewe