Effect of a long-term afforestation of pine in a beech domain in NE-Spain revealed by analytical pyrolysis (Py-GC/MS).

Poster presentado en lal EGU General Assembly 2015, held 12-17 April, 2015 in Vienna, Austria. id.12736The replacement of native beech forests (Fagus sylvatica) by Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) afforestation may exert changes in soil properties, particularly in soil organic matter (SOM) [1]. It is known that the products generated by Pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) pyrolysis of organic matter are related to their origin [2 and references therein]. Therefore this technique can be used to investigate said changes. In this work, Py-GC/MS is used to study changes in SOM quality surrogated to the effect of the centennial replacement of beech by Scots pine. The soils studied were two acid soil profiles developed on quartzites under a humid climate at an altitude of 1400-1500 masl from Moncayo (Iberian range, NE-Spain). For each soil profile three organic layers (litter: OL, fragmented litter OF and humified litter OH) and the mineral soil horizons (Ah, E, Bhs and C) were sampled. After 100 years since the pine afforestation, differences in the relative abundance of lipids released by pyrolysis were observed in the O-layers ranging from 3.82-7.20% in pine soils and 0.98-1.25% in beech soils. No differences were observed in mineral horizons with depth except for the C horizons where beech lipid content was much higher (21.25%) than in that under pine (1.07%). Both pine and beech soils show similar nitrogen compounds relative contents along the soil profile, increasing from OL to Ah (3.49-9.11% and 2.75-11.73% in beech and pine respectively) with a conspicuous reduction in the E horizon. It is remarkable the absence of nitrogen compounds in beech Bhs and C horizons. The relative content of aromatic compounds in O-layers show opposite trends for beech and pine; an enrichment in aromatic compounds is observed in beech OL layer (12.39%) decreasing to 4.11% in OH layer in contrast, whereas for pine O-layers the aromatic compounds relative abundance was higher in the OH (5.83%) than in the OL layer (2.8%). Mineral Ah and E horizons show similar values in both beech (18.30-10.09%) and pine (15.81-10.01%) soils; nevertheless the relative abundance of aromatic compounds content is higher in beech mineral horizons Bhs (41.96%) and C (30.91%) than in those under pine (11.43% and 13.04% for Bhs and C respectively). Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were only observed in the mineral soil horizons showing similar relative abundances ranging from 0.61-6.63% in beech and 0.96-3.05% in pine soils. The highest PAHs relative abundance was found in the Bhs horizon under beech. This may indicate the occurrence of fire events in the area and its translocation and accumulation by leaching from top soil in the spodic horizon. Differences in the relative abundances of lignin derived pyrolysis products (Methoxyphenols) were mainly observed in the O-layers whereas the relative abundances were similar for the mineral horizons that ranged from 1.49-4.31% in beech and 1.42-4.67% in pine. Lignin relative abundance is much higher in OH beech layer (31.88%) than in pine OH layer (14.99%) whereas similar relative contents were found in OL and OF layers ranging from 26.21-27-12% and 20.22-25.92% in beech and pine respectively. In the soil developed under beech the polysaccharide derived moieties show a relative content increase along the profile from a 9.86% in OL layer to a 29.86% in E horizon followed by a remarkable decrease in the Bhs (4.86%) and C (11.22%). Besides, the polysaccharide relative abundance in the soil under pine show a similar trend ranging from 12-23% to 30.65% but the decrease in Bhs and C horizons was found less marked (26.83% and 24.12% respectively).This study is part of the results of the FUEGOSOL (CGL2013-43440-R) and GEOFIRE Projects (CGL2012-38655-C04-01) funded by the Spanish Ministry for Economy and Competitiveness. N.T Jiménez-Morillo is funded by a FPI research grant (BES-2013-062573).Peer Reviewe

Changes in soil organic matter composition after Scots pine afforestation in a native European beech forest revealed by analytical pyrolysis (Py-GC/MS)

The introduction of coniferous species in former deciduous forests may exert changes in soil organic matter, particularly in its molecular composition. In this work, pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to study changes in SOM quality related to the centennial afforestation of Scots pine in an area formerly covered by European beech forest in the NE-flank of the Moncayo Natural Park (NE-Spain). For each soil profile three organic layers (fresh litter, fragmented litter and humified litter) and mineral soil horizons (Ah, E, Bhs and C) were studied. A total of 128 compounds were identified in the pyrograms, and composition differences were detected among the organic and mineral soil layers as well as between soils under beech and pine, for the main compound classes: nitrogen compounds, aromatics, lignin methoxyphenols, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, lipids and polysaccharide-derived moieties. Such chemical differences were found to be derived from the biomass composition of the predominant vegetation type that was incorporated into the soil and from its progression into the soil profile. The analysis of the distribution of alkanes indicated higher SOM stabilization in the native beech forest soil. The signal of beech biomarkers (long chain n-alkanes C31-C33) found in the pine E horizon indicates the permanence of SOM derived from the natural forest ca. 100 years after the afforestation.publishe

Analysis of activities in projects in developed interculturality Almeria and Málaga

Resumen basado en el de la publicaciónSe expone la elaboración de proyectos enfocado a la integración intercultural en colegios de infantil, primaria y secundaria. La presencia de alumnado procedente de una diversidad étnica, lingüística y cultural desconocida cada vez más relevante hace necesaria una investigación para desarrollar este tipo de proyectos para asumir la diversidad como algo positivo y enriquecedor para la provia convivencia social y educativa. Una de las principales herramientas comunitarias de carácter formativo del profesorado en sus propios contextos escolares es el proyecto de interculturalidad, ya que de ese modo el profesorado puede acceder al conocimiento intercultural a través de la investigación y el aprendizaje compartido entre los diferentes miembros de la comunidad educativa. Se repasa cómo es recogida la educación intercultural desde el marco legislativo, los aspectos que se valoran positivamente en la elaboración de los proyectos interculturales desde la Dirección General de Innovación Educativa y Formación del Profesorado, y los contenidos y actividades que se llevan a cabo en centros educativos con proyectos de interculturalidad.AndalucíaES

Recensiones [Revista de Historia Económica Año XXI otoño-invierno 2003 n. 3 pp. 657-694]

Editada en la Fundación SEPIDíaz Morlán, P. Los Ybarra (Por Carlos Larrinaga).-- Lana Berasain, J. M. (ed.). En torno a la Navarra del siglo XX (Por Gonzalo Sanz-Magallón).-- Peiro Arroyo, A. Tiempo de industria. Las Tierras Altas turolenses, de la riqueza a la despoblación (Por José Ramón Moreno).-- Townson, N. La República que no pudo ser. La política de centro en España (1931-1936) (Por Albert Girona).-- Avallé, B.; Naranjo, C , y Santamaría, A. La América española (1763-1898) (Por Pedro Pérez).-- Sánchez Santiró, E. Azúcar y Poder: estructura socioeconómica de las alcaldías mayores de Cuemavaca y Cuantía de Amilpas, 1730-1821 (Por Carlos Marichal).-- Jiménez Soler, G. Las empresas de Cuba, 1958 (Por Antonio Santamaría).-- Zaratiegui, J. M. Alfred Marshall y la teoría económica del empresario (Por María Blanco).-- Verdón, N. Rural tornen Workers in Nineteenth-Century England: Gender, Work and Wages (Por Enriqueta Camps).-- Psalidopoulos, M., y Mata, M. E.(eds.). Economic Thought and Economic Policy in Less Developed Europe. The Nineteenth Century (Por Juan Zabalza)Publicad

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Correction to: Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Changes in soil organic matter composition after Scots pine afforestation in a native European beech forest revealed by analytical pyrolysis (Py-GC/MS)

7 páginas.- 5 figuras.-- 1 tabla.- 42 referencias.- Supplementary data Supplementary data to this article can be found online at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.229The introduction of coniferous species in former deciduous forests may exert changes in soil organic matter, particularly in its molecular composition. In this work, pyrolysis-gas chromatography–mass spectrometry was used to study changes in SOM quality related to the centennial afforestation of Scots pine in an area formerly covered by European beech forest in the NE-flank of the Moncayo Natural Park (NE-Spain). For each soil profile three organic layers (fresh litter, fragmented litter and humified litter) and mineral soil horizons (Ah, E, Bhs and C) were studied. A total of 128 compounds were identified in the pyrograms, and composition differences were detected among the organic and mineral soil layers as well as between soils under beech and pine, for the main compound classes: nitrogen compounds, aromatics, lignin methoxyphenols, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, lipids and polysaccharide-derived moieties. Such chemical differences were found to be derived from the biomass composition of the predominant vegetation type that was incorporated into the soil and from its progression into the soil profile. The analysis of the distribution of alkanes indicated higher SOM stabilization in the native beech forest soil. The signal of beech biomarkers (long chain n-alkanes C31-C33) found in the pine E horizon indicates the permanence of SOM derived from the natural forest ca. 100 years after the afforestation.This study is part of the results of the FUEGONEO (CGL2016-76620-R) and INTERCARBON (CGL2016-78937-R) projects funded by the Spanish “Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad”. Girona-García, A. was funded by an FPI research grant (BES-2014-068072) of the “Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad” (Spanish government). Thanks are due for the financial support to CESAM (UID/AMB/50017 - POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007638), to FCT/MCTES through national funds (PIDDAC), and the co-funding by the FEDER, within the PT2020 Partnership Agreement and Compete 2020. We also thank the Aragonese Agents for Nature Protection (APN) of the Moncayo Natural Park for their collaboration and for issuing the sampling permits.Peer reviewe

Soil C and N isotope composition after a centennial Scots pine afforestation in podzols of native European beech forests in NE-Spain

8 páginas.-- 4 figuras.-- 5 tablas.-- 35 referenciasThe replacement of native European beech forests (Fagus sylvatica) with Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) afforestation may exert changes in soil properties, particularly with respect to soil organic matter (SOM). Stable isotope composition of light elements (δ13C, δ15N) in soils are known proxies for the characterisation of SOM genesis and dynamics. In this research, C and N isotope composition of organic layers, classified as OL (fresh litter), OF (fragmented litter) and OH (humified litter), and the first mineral horizon (Ah) from what was, originally, a beech domain and from a domain of afforestation with pine were analysed by using EA–IRMS. Additionally, C and N isotope signatures were studied in complete soil profiles that were representative of each forest. Pine OL was found to be 13C enriched (δ13C = −28.08 ± 0.49‰) compared with beech (−29.87 ± 0.27‰). Along the soil profile, C isotope composition mirrors that of the standing vegetation down to the first mineral Ah horizon, with significantly higher δ13C in pine than in beech. Deeper in the soil, from the eluvial E horizon, no significant δ13C differences were found between soils, indicating a limited pine influence in depth, years after afforestation. Pine litter tended to be 15N enriched (δ15N = 4.43 ± 2.65‰) compared to beech (1.43 ± 2.80‰). Along the soil profile, a consistent 15N enrichment was observed with depth in the organic layers (O–layers) down to OH. No significant δ15N differences were found in the mineral horizons between soils, except for the E horizon that showed a lower δ15N in the beech than in the pine profile. This N trend could be explained by 1) a progressive biomass alteration and a concomitant 15N–enrichment being, in general, more pronounced in O–layers under alien pine than under beech, and 2) migration of more humified SOM forms from eluvial to deeper Bhs horizons, causing a relative accumulation of 15N–depleted SOM in the beechwood E horizon. The accumulation of fungal and root biomass in pinewood OF horizons could be reflected in its 15N–depleted signature.This study is part of the results of the FUEGOSOL ( CGL2013–43440–R ) and INTERCARBON ( CGL2016-78937-R ) projects funded by the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad . Girona–García A (BES–2014–068072) and Jiménez–Morillo NT (BES–2013–062573) are funded by FPI research grantsPeer reviewe