Peer Victimization in Overweight Adolescents and Its Effect on Their Self-Esteem and Peer Difficulties

This study has three objectives: to examine whether adolescents who perceive themselves as overweight differ from others in terms of offline victimization at school, cybervictimization, self-esteem, and difficulties relating to peers; to examine the possible effects of offline and cybervictimization on self-esteem and difficulties relating to peers; and to examine the possible moderating role of perceiving oneself as overweight on those effects. Previously validated questionnaires were applied to a sample of 3145 adolescents in Asturias (Spain). Descriptive, inferential, correlational, and structural equation analyses were performed. Adolescents who perceived themselves as overweight reported being victims of both offline victimization and most forms of cybervictimization to a greater extent than those who did not perceive themselves as overweight. They also reported lower self-esteem and more peer difficulties (shyness or social anxiety). In both groups of adolescents, victimization and cybervictimization were correlated with each other, both types of victimization had direct, negative effects on self-esteem, and self-esteem in turn had a direct, negative effect on peer difficulties. Furthermore, offline victimization had a direct, positive effect on peer difficulties. Perceiving oneself as overweight moderated the effect of self-esteem on peer difficulties. In adolescents perceiving themselves as overweight, low self-esteem was a stronger risk factor of peer difficulties than in the rest of the adolescents. With high overall self-esteem there were no significant differences in peer difficulties between the adolescents perceiving themselves as overweight and the rest of the adolescents

Datos sobre la vegetación edafohigrófila del sector Malacitano-Almijarense (Málaga-Granada, sur de España)

Datos sobre la vegetación edafohigrófila del sector Malacitano-Almijarense (Málaga-Granada, sur de España). Se ha realizado un estudio acerca de la vegetación edafohigrófila desarrollada en las riberas de algunos ríos pertenecientes a los territorios calizo-dolomíticos de las sierras de Almijara, Tejeda, Cázulas, Guájares y Sierra Nevada (sector Malacitano-Almijarense, provincia Bética). Se han detectado un total de 25 fitocenosis (20 asociaciones, 4 subasociaciones y 1 comunidad) encuadrables en 13 clases fitosociológicas, de las cuales se aportan datos acerca de sus características estructurales, florísticas, ecológicas, corológicas y dinámicas. Cabe destacar la ampliación del areal corológico actualmente conocido hasta el sector Malacitano-Almijarense de los herbazales-brezales de Molinio arundinaceae-Ericetum erigenae Costa, Peris y Figuerola 1983, los adelfares de Erico terminalis-Nerietum oleandri Rivas Goday y Esteve ass. nova (que se validan en este trabajo) y las saucedas de Erico-Salicetum pedicellatae Esteve 1973. Por otra parte, como novedades destacan los juncales negros de Hyperico caprifolii-Schoenetum nigricantis Gómez Mercado y F. Valle 1992 ericetosum terminalis subass. nova, las mimbreras dolomitícolas de Erico terminalis-Salicetum eleagni ass. nova y las choperas blancas termomediterráneas con sauce pedicelado de la subasociación Rubio tinctorum-Populetum albae salicetosum pedicellatae subass. nova. Por último se describen las tres geoseries de vegetación riparia presentes en el área de estudio

Prevalencia de la mala calidad del sueño y hábitos de vida relacionados en farmacias comunitarias

Introduction: Many lifestyle habits can negatively affect sleep quality (SQ) and lead to poor quality of life. This makes it important to determine the prevalence of poor SQ in the population and the lifestyle habits that may be associated with it, with a view to designing appropriate interventions for improving SQ. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of poor SQ among the population of Salamanca (Spain) and its relationship with specific lifestyle habits Method: A cross-sectional study was carried out between July and November 2019. SQ was studied in 261 patients using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and the frequency with which patients performed a series of lifestyle habits was quantified. The association between variables was assessed using multivariate binary logistic regression. Results: Almost half of the study population (48.7%) was found to have poor SQ. Physical exercise was a protective factor against poor SQ (OR = 0.221; CI95%: 0.081-0.603). Risk factors for poor SQ included being disturbed at night (OR = 3.606; CI95%: 1.892-6.872), going to bed preoccupied (OR = 3.145; CI95%: 1.528-6.471), reading trivial material (OR = 2.475; CI95%: 1.208-5.070), and playing video games (OR = 3.639; CI95%: 1.326-9.984). Conclusions: In Salamanca (Spain), almost half of the study population stated that they suffered poor SQ. Although numerous lifestyle habits that may relate to poor SQ were studied, a statistically significant relationship was only found for a few of them.Introducción: Muchos de los hábitos de vida pueden influir negativamente en la calidad de sueño (CS) y por lo tanto pueden desembocar en una mala calidad de vida. Por esa razón es importante determinar la prevalencia de mala CS en la población y qué hábitos de vida pueden estar relacionados con ella. De este modo se podrán diseñar intervenciones adecuadas que permitan mejorar la CS. El objetivo de este estudio fue estudiar la prevalencia de mala CS de la población de Salamanca (España) y su relación con ciertos hábitos de vida. Método: Se estudió la CS de 261 pacientes mediante el “Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index” y se cuantificó la frecuencia con la que éstos realizaban una serie de hábitos de vida. La asociación entre variables se estudió mediante una regresión logística binaria multivariante. Resultados: Casi la mitad de la población (48,7%) mostró tener mala CS. El ejercicio físico fue un factor protector para la mala CS (OR = 0,221; 95%CI: 0,081-0,603). Fueron factores de riesgo para la mala CS ser molestado por la noche (OR = 3,606; 95%CI: 1,892-6,872), ir a la cama preocupado (OR = 3,145; 95%CI: 1,528-6,471), leer cosas no transcendentales (OR = 2,475; 95%CI: 1,208-5,070), o jugar a videojuegos (OR = 3,639; 95%CI: 1,326-9,984). Conclusiones: Casi la mitad de la población de estudio indicó padecer una mala CS en Salamanca (España). Pese a que muchos hábitos de vida están relacionados con la mala CS, solo se encontró relación estadísticamente significativa con algunos de ellos

Comparative analysis of export demand for manufactures in the euro area countries

Artículo de revist

La relevancia de la cognición social en la esquizofrenia

La investigación realizada en los últimos años ha mostrado la existencia de una correlación entre los déficits cognitivos y el funcionamiento social en esquizofrenia. Mientras que los déficits en la atención, la memoria y el funcionamiento ejecutivo han sido ampliamente estudiados, se ha puesto menos atención a la investigación en cognición social. Sin embargo, la cognición social se está convirtiendo en el foco de interés porque la evidencia empírica está mostrando su relevancia funcional como variable mediadora entre neurocognición y el nivel de funcionamiento social del paciente con esquizofrenia. En consecuencia, se han desarrollado nuevas intervenciones centradas en los componentes clave de la cognición social que están deteriorados en la esquizofrenia (procesamiento emocional, percepción social, teoría de la mente, esquemas sociales/conocimiento social y estilo atribucional), con el objetivo de mejorar el funcionamiento cognitivo social. Los objetivos de este trabajo son: sintetizar cuál es la concepto actual de cognición social, indicar cuáles son los componentes que incluye, presentar algunos de los instrumentos disponibles para evaluar la cognición social y revisar los programas de intervención más destacados que están dirigidos a mejorar la cognición social en las personas con esquizofrenia.Research conducted in recent years has shown correlations between neurocognitive deficits and functional outcome in schizophrenia. Whereas deficits such as attention, memory and executive functioning have been widely studied, less attention has been paid to social cognition. However social cognition is moving into the focus of interest because empirical evidence is showing the functional significance of social cognition as a mediating variable between neurocognition and the social level of functioning in schizophrenic patients. Consequently, new interventions have been developed focusing on the key domains of social cognition that are impaired in schizophrenia (emotion perception, social perception, theory of main, social schemata, and attributional style), with the goal of improving social cognitive functioning. The purpose of this present work is: to summarize the current conceptualisation of social cognition and the domains included under this concept; to present some of the instruments available to evaluate social cognition; and to review the main intervention programs devoted to improving social cognition in schizophrenia.Universidad de Valencia UV-AE- 20060248Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia SEJ2006-0705

Predicción de la aceptación o rechazo de las calificaciones finales propuestas por el alumnado usando técnicas de Minería de Datos

Una posible alternativa o complemento a las técnicas clásicas de evaluación es la utilización de técnicas de autoevaluación (self-grading o self-assessment) que es un proceso en el que es el propio estudiante el que juzga los logros conseguidos respecto a una tarea o actividad determinada. Sin embargo, antes de poder incluirla en un programa educativo, es necesario evaluar la fiabilidad del proceso y compararlo con los métodos tradicionales que actualmente utiliza el profesorado. Siguiendo esta idea, el presente trabajo propone una me-todología basada en la minería de datos y la autoevaluación con el fin de validar la autocalificación de los estudiantes. Nuestro objetivo es predecir si el instructor podría aceptar o no las calificaciones propuestas por los estudiantes en un curso. Nuestra experiencia empírica sobre 53 estudiantes universitarios de informática sugiere que son necesarios 1) una distinción en el tipo de errores que puede cometer el clasificador, pues no es lo mismo no aceptar la nota propuesta de un estudiante que realmente puede sacar dicha nota, que aceptar la de otro que no estaría capacitado para obtenerla; 2) una vigilancia sobre dichos errores; y 3) considerar medidas de rendimiento del estudiante durante el curso, sobre las cuales las predicciones parecen tener una gran dependencia.An alternative or complement to classic assessment methodologies is the use of self-grading or self-assessment, which is a process where the own student judges and evaluates his/her achievements with regards to particular tasks or activities. However, it is necessary to evaluate the reliability of the process before considering it in a learning program, and to compare it with traditional methods that teachers apply at the moment. According to this idea, this work proposes a methodology based on data-mining and self-assessment with the aim of validating the mark that students propose. Our objective is to predict whether the teacher might or might not accept these marks. Our empirical experience on 53 university students suggests that it is needed 1) a distinction between the type of errors of the possible built classifier, given that it is usually preferable not to accept the mark proposed by a student that can get it, than to accept the mark proposed by a student that can not get it; 2) an inspection on particular cases where students might deceive the system; and 3) to consider student performance measures along the course, by which predictions have shown to be strongly determined

Gender diversity, inclusive innovation and firm performance

This study delves into intra-organizational dimensions that might impact inclusive innovation. Based on the expectation states theory, we explore how gender diversity in management positions and on the board of directors affects inclusive innovation. Furthermore, drawing on the signaling theory, we examine the relationship between inclusive innovation and a firm's performance. Using a comprehensive panel data of European manufacturing companies for a period of 10 years, we provide evidence that gender diversity in management positions and the presence of at least one woman on the board of directors have a positive effect on inclusive innovation. Our results also reveal the economic value of such strategy, showing that inclusive innovation positively influences performance. Implications for theory and managerial practice are discussedMinisterio de Ciencia e Innovaci on, Grant/Award Number: PID2020-117313RB-I00Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci on, Grant/Award Number: PID2020-117313RB-I00Programa Operativo Andalucia FEDER 2012-202

Analyzing job satisfaction from a gender point of view: empirical application with logit and probit models

La influencia que las características individuales del personal de una empresa ejercen sobre su nivel de satisfacción laboral ha sido ampliamente analizada en la literatura al respecto, dedicando una especial atención a la variable edad pero también al género como un elemento determinante de los niveles de satisfacción de los recursos humanos. En numerosas investigaciones se constata que las mujeres presentan un nivel superior de satisfacción al de los varones. El presente trabajo analiza la influencia del género sobre la satisfacción laboral sobre una muestra de 1.804 personas empleadas en centros de enseñanza concertada en Andalucía, confirmando este resultado. Asimismo, se revisan las diferencias entre varones y mujeres respecto a la influencia de otras variables sociodemográficas, del puesto y de la organización sobre la satisfacción con el trabajo, detectando diferencias notables entre ambos sexos en algunos aspectos como el estado civil, el nivel educativo o la presencia o no en cargos directivosThe influence that the individual characteristics of the personnel of a company exercise on their level of job satisfaction has been largely analyzed in specialized literature, dedicating more attention to the age but also to the gender like a determining element of the levels of satisfaction on human resources. Numerous investigations verify the fact that women present a superior level of satisfaction to the one belonging to males. This paper examines the influence of the gender on job satisfaction on a sample of 1,804 people working in private educational centres in Andalusia, confirming this result. Furthermore, it revises the differences between men and women considering the influence over job satisfaction of other sociodemographic characteristics as well as variables about the job and the organization, detecting remarkable differences between both sexes in some aspects like the marital status, the educational level or the presence in managerial position

Determination of manufacturing exports in the euro area countries using a supply-demand model

Artículo de revist

La problemática de cálculo del Impuesto sobre Sociedades en las cooperativas de ámbitos estatal y andaluz. Un caso práctico de análisis comparativo

Three basic regulations determine the tax levied on co-operative companies, which makes it extremely difficult to calculate as, according to the Law that regulates co-operative tax, sums that are obligatorily destined for social funds are deductible from taxable income. Moreover, the co-operative law to be applied in each case has a decisive effect on taxing aspects, regulating as it does not only the specific procedure to be followed in determining the obligatory funding, but also whether to consider co-operative tax itself as a deductible expense. This influences the complexity in calculating co-operative taxation, as far as quantity is concerned and also the sums finally destined to social funds. This study evaluates the practical repercussions inherent in considering co-operative tax as a deductible expense for co-operatives, with a comparative analysis between the general legal framework and Andalusian autonomic legislation.Co-operatives, corporate tax, case study, co-operative laws, Andalusia.