Evaluación de las propiedades probióticas de bacterias lácticas de origen enológico

[ES]: En este trabajo se ha evaluado la resistencia a la saliva, al medio ácido y a las sales biliares de once cepas de origen enológico pertenecientes a Lactobacillus spp., Pediococcus spp., y Oenococcus oeni, además de dos cepas probióticas de referencia. Las cepas de Lactobacillus y Pediococcus mostraron una alta resistencia a la lisozima (> 80 %), y todas sobrevivieron a las sales biliares y a bajos valores de pH (pH 1.8), lo que sugiere una buena adaptación de estas cepas a las condiciones gastrointestinales. También se evaluó su capacidad para adherirse a la mucosa intestinal y para inhibir la adhesión de Escherichia coli a células epiteliales del intestino. En particular, la cepa P. pentosaceus cIAL-86 mostró un alto porcentaje de adherencia a las células intestinales (> 12 %), incluso superior al mostrado por las cepas probióticas de referencia, y una alta actividad anti-adhesión de E. coli cIAL-153 (> 30 %).[EN]: In this study, the saliva, acid and bile resistance of eleven enological strains of Lactobacillus spp., Pediococcus spp., and Oenococcus oeni, as well as two probiotic reference strains were evaluated. Lactobacillus and Pediococcus strains showed high resistance to lysozyme (> 80 %) and all were capable of surviving at bile salts and low pH values (pH 1.8), suggesting a good adaptation to gastrointestinal conditions. The ability of these strains to adhere to the intestinal mucosa and the inhibition of the adhesion of Escherichia coli to intestinal cells were also evaluated. In particular, P. pentosaceus cIAL-86 showed a high percentage of adhesion to intestinal cells (> 12 %), even higher than that shown by the reference probiotic strains, and a high anti-adhesion activity against E. coli cIAL-153 (> 30 %).Este trabajo ha sido financiado por el Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (Proyectos AGL2012-04172-C02-01, PRI-PIBAR-2011-1358 y Consolider Ingenio 2010 FUN-C-FOOD CSD2007-00063), la Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid (ALIBIRD P2009/AGR-1469) y el INIA (proyecto RM2011-00003-00-00). A. García Ruiz es beneficiaria de una beca del Instituto DanonePeer Reviewe

Behavior of the level of knowledge about phytotherapy in Colon municipality. (January-December/2018)

Introducción: La utilización adecuada de la fitoterapia puede lograr una profunda transformación de la salud con un menor peligro, derivado de los efectos colaterales inherentes a los medicamentos farmacológicos. Objetivo: Valorar el nivel de conocimiento sobre fitoterapia en los pacientes de la Farmacia Principal Municipal de Colón, provincia Matanzas, en el período comprendido de enero a diciembre del año 2018. Material y Métodos: El estudio clasificó como observacional descriptivo, de corte transversal. El universo estuvo constituido por los 1000 pacientes que acudieron a la farmacia en busca de fitofármacos. Se utilizó la observación participante, métodos, procedimientos y técnicas de recolección de datos y la entrevista. Las variables estudiadas fueron: edad, nivel escolar, utilización de la medicina verde por enfermedades, uso de fitofármacos y conocimiento acerca de alertas de interacciones con otros medicamentos. Se solicitó el consentimiento informado para participar en la investigación. Resultados: La mitad de la población utiliza la medicina verde y un 78 % los adquiere sin autorización médica, siendo más utilizada en pacientes de 48 años y más y en los procesos respiratorios; pero el 74 % la utiliza sin conocer la alerta de interacciones existentes con medicamentos. Conclusiones: La población posee conocimientos sobre fitofármacos que consume por automedicación; pero el nivel de información sobre reacciones adversas e interacciones medicamentosas es bajo, lo que indica que tanto médicos como farmacéuticos han de aportar más sobre esta modalidad terapéutica para evitar problemas relacionados con los medicamentos naturales y de conjunto incidir en su uso racional y efectivo.Introduction: The use of phytotherapy may procure a deep health trnsformation with a lower risk derived from the side effects inherentts to oharmachological drugs. Objects: To value the level of knowledge about phytotherapy in the patients of the Principal Municipal Pharmacy of Colon municipality, Matanzas province in the period from January to December of the year 2018. Material and Methods: The study classified as descriptive abservational of transversal cut. The universe was constituted by 1000 patients who visited the drug store loking for phytomedicines. It was used the participating observation, methods, procedures and techniques of recollection and the interview. The studied variables were: age, school level, use of natural traditional medicine for diseases, use of phytomedicines, and knowledges about on the alert of interactions with other drugs. It was solicited the informed consent to participate in the investigation. Results: A half of the population uses natural medicine (green) and a 78 % acquires it without a medical indication, being more used in patients over 48-year-old, and in respiratory processes but a 74 % uses it without knowing about on the alert of interaction with other medications. Conclusions: The population has knowledge about phytomedicines that they consume by their own consent of selfmedication, but the level of information about side effects and medicamental interactions is poor, which indicates that as much as doctors than pharmacists must contribute more about this therapeutic modality with the purpose to avoid problems related to natural medications and in general to bring about its rational and effective use

The Efficacy of Strength Exercises for Reducing the Symptoms of Menopause: A Systematic Review

Background: The aim of this systematic review was to determine whether strength exercises improve the symptoms of menopause and to provide an update on the most recent scientific evidence on the type and regimen of exercise that help reduce the symptoms. Methods: An electronic search of scientific databases was performed from 2015 to 2022. Randomized clinical trials that analyzed the effects of strength exercises versus other types of interventions, considering all the outcome measures of interest, were included in this review. Results: We found 5964 potential articles. After applying the selection criteria, we selected 12 of the articles. The studies compared strength exercises versus other therapies or compared strength exercises versus no intervention in one of the groups. The results showed improvements in the strength of the legs and pelvic floor, physical activity, bone density, metabolic and hormonal changes, heart rate and blood pressure and a change in hot flashes. Conclusions: There is evidence that strength exercises can be beneficial for improving strength, physical activity, bone density and hormonal and metabolic levels. In terms of the appropriate type of strength training, the evidence is still unclear given that the same benefits are achieved by various types of exercises

Demuestran el potencial probiótico de las bacterias lácticas presentes en el vino

Científicos del Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL), centro mixto UAM-CSIC, han logrado caracterizar 11 bacterias de origen enológico con potenciales propiedades probióticas. El trabajo abre nuevas oportunidades para seleccionar microorganismos con la capacidad de mejorar la fermentación en el proceso de vinificación, y ofrecer además beneficios nutricionales.Peer Reviewe

Differences between U23 and older semi-professional soccer players in perfectionism and passion: exploring determinant relationship between variables

AimAbundant studies have pointed out that perfectionism and passion are interrelated and that they both can influence performance in a variety of contexts, including sports, however, research on how these variables interact and might affect performance in team sports, such as soccer, is still scarce. The aim of this study is to analyze differences in perfectionism and passion between under-23 years-old (U23) and older semi-professional soccer players, as well as to study the possible relationship between these two psychological variables.MethodsParticipants (N = 130 healthy semi-professional Spanish soccer players) were divided into two equivalent groups according to the participants age, U23 (N = 65; 21.58 ± 1.91 years) and older than 24 years (N = 65; 30.03 ± 3.72 years) and completed self-reports on perfectionism and passion.ResultsIndependent samples t-test determined significant differences between the U23 Group and the >24 Group in perfectionism global score and concern over mistakes (maladaptive perfectionism), and in time, value, and passion. Multiple regression analyses revealed that obsessive passion predicted maladaptive subdimensions of perfectionism, while harmonious passion predicted adaptive perfectionism.DiscussionU23 soccer players show higher levels of maladaptive perfectionism, time, value, and passion in relation with soccer than older players, probably because at this stage pressure to become professionals and to develop their technical, tactical, and physical skills is higher than in later stages.ConclusionIdentifying differences between different age groups can help professionals in tailoring their interventions and strategies to address the specific needs of athletes at different stages of development more effectively, and to optimize mental focus, reduce stress, to promote a healthy mindset for optimal performance in soccer players, furthermore, the study of moderating effects of factors such as team dynamics or coaching styles on these constructs is advised

Young Nursing Student’s Knowledge and Attitudes about Contraceptive Methods

We would like to thank all the nursing students who voluntarily participated in this studyPurpose: Adolescence is considered a period in which individuals are particularly at risk of negative consequences related to sexual health. Increased knowledge levels have traditionally been used as an indicator of the effectiveness of educational programs, but attitudes are not addressed and are a key element for the success of such programs. The aim of this study is to determine the level of knowledge and attitudes toward the use of contraceptive methods among nursing students. A multicenter cross-sectional study was carried out. In total, 2914 university students (aged 18–25 years) enrolled in the study. Participants completed two validated scales to measure knowledge level and attitudes toward contraceptive use. Nursing degree students who received training about contraceptives obtained a success rate of over 70%, compared to 15.3% among students who had not received such training (p < 0.001). The mean attitude score was 43.45 points (10–50), but there were no significant differences in terms of student training (p = 0.435), although they were significantly higher among students who used contraceptives at first or last sexual intercourse (p < 0.001). There was a significant weak correlation between the level of knowledge and attitudes toward the use of contraceptives. An adequate level of knowledge about sexuality and contraceptive methods does not correspond to positive attitudes toward their use, although having an excellent attitude toward contraceptive use is related to their use during youth and adolescence

Microbial Contribution to Wine Aroma and Its Intended Use for Wine Quality Improvement

Wine is a complex matrix that includes components with different chemical natures, the volatile compounds being responsible for wine aroma quality. The microbial ecosystem of grapes and wine, including Saccharomyces and non-Saccharomyces yeasts, as well as lactic acid bacteria, is considered by winemakers and oenologists as a decisive factor influencing wine aroma and consumer’s preferences. The challenges and opportunities emanating from the contribution of wine microbiome to the production of high quality wines are astounding. This review focuses on the current knowledge about the impact of microorganisms in wine aroma and flavour, and the biochemical reactions and pathways in which they participate, therefore contributing to both the quality and acceptability of wine. In this context, an overview of genetic and transcriptional studies to explain and interpret these effects is included, and new directions are proposed. It also considers the contribution of human oral microbiota to wine aroma conversion and perception during wine consumption. The potential use of wine yeasts and lactic acid bacteria as biological tools to enhance wine quality and the advent of promising advice allowed by pioneering -omics technologies on wine research are also discussed

Red para la coordinación y el seguimiento de las Prácticas Externas en titulaciones de la Facultad de Derecho

Preocupa a las personas tutoras de la Facultad de Derecho el desfase de funciones entre las tareas asignadas por la empresa al alumnado en prácticas y las competencias y habilidades propias de cada titulación. Para tener una visión más concreta de tales incidencias se habilitó, en el marco de la Red, un sistema de registro que permitiera dar cuenta de ellas y desarrollar a continuación las acciones necesarias para resolver la situación. El registro en cuestión ha permitido tener noticia de un número limitado de incidencias, mientras las memorias finales elaboradas por el alumnado siguen evidenciando experiencias en las que se da un desfase entre las funciones desempeñadas durante su periodo en prácticas y el perfil profesional propio de su titulación. La eficacia del registro, por lo tanto, está evidentemente condicionada al hecho de que el alumnado en prácticas tome conciencia de la necesidad de comunicar con inmediatez a las personas tutoras las incidencias relacionadas con el desarrollo de las prácticas externas

Young Nursing Student’s Knowledge and Attitudes about Contraceptive Methods

Purpose: Adolescence is considered a period in which individuals are particularly at risk of negative consequences related to sexual health. Increased knowledge levels have traditionally been used as an indicator of the effectiveness of educational programs, but attitudes are not addressed and are a key element for the success of such programs. The aim of this study is to determine the level of knowledge and attitudes toward the use of contraceptive methods among nursing students. A multicenter cross-sectional study was carried out. In total, 2914 university students (aged 18–25 years) enrolled in the study. Participants completed two validated scales to measure knowledge level and attitudes toward contraceptive use. Nursing degree students who received training about contraceptives obtained a success rate of over 70%, compared to 15.3% among students who had not received such training (p < 0.001). The mean attitude score was 43.45 points (10–50), but there were no significant differences in terms of student training (p = 0.435), although they were significantly higher among students who used contraceptives at first or last sexual intercourse (p < 0.001). There was a significant weak correlation between the level of knowledge and attitudes toward the use of contraceptives. An adequate level of knowledge about sexuality and contraceptive methods does not correspond to positive attitudes toward their use, although having an excellent attitude toward contraceptive use is related to their use during youth and adolescence

PERSPECTIVA PSICOSOCIAL DE LOS DERECHOS HUMANOS

Hoy en día es imprescindible abordar el problema de los derechos desde una perspectiva holística que integre la posición que el individuo ocupa en la sociedad y el impacto de los hechos sociales sobre su persona. Esta perspectiva va por lo tanto más allá del enfoque clásico de las violaciones a los derechos civiles y políticos de los ciudadanos sino, también incluye sus derechos económicos, sociales y culturales. Cualquier enfoque de tipo holístico debe entender al ser humano en su ambiente, social, cultural, natural y en función a todas las estructuras existentes, por más sutiles que sean o invisibles que parezcan. Precisamente este libro permite apreciar la dimensión amplia y compleja del ser en sociedad y las interacciones que de ambas partes se generan y las ramificaciones que producen. No es un ejercicio fácil y los editores de este volumen han logrado un salto cuántico al poder congregar en un solo espacio miradas que en otras circunstancias podrían haber sido opuestas y hasta contrarias a nuestra comprensión de problemas que, en efecto, tienen raíces comunes. El libro está dividido en 5 secciones, El espíritu de los tiempos actuales y los Derechos Humanos, Construcción ciudadana y ejercicio de los Derechos Humanos, Violaciones a Derechos Humanos, victimizaciones y su atención, Ejercicio de los Derechos Humanos y situaciones disruptivas y Defensa y defensores de Derechos Humanos.Manuel Gutiérrez Romero Jessica Ruiz Magañ