Digestibilidad y energías digestible y metabolizable del azúcar de caña (Saccharum officinarum L.) y del ñame (Dioscorea alata), en cerdos.

Caña de azúcar-Saccharum officinarumPorcicultur

Utilización de subproductos de la refinación de aceite para cría y engorde de pollos asaderos.

Se realizan 4 experimentos en el Centro de Investigaciones Tibaitatá, en la Sabana de Bogotá, Colombia, para estudiar el efecto de la adición del subproducto de la refinación de aceites de ajonjoli (soapstock) en raciones para pollo de engorde. En el experimento 1 se comparan en cría niveles de 0, 2, 3, 6 y 9 por ciento en pollos criados en piso, en el experimento 2, niveles de 0, 4, 8 y 12 por ciento en animales criados en bateria de 0 a 5 semanas. No se encontró diferencia significativa en eficiencia de utilización del alimento, peso y mortalidad entre los diferentes niveles de soapstock. En el experimento 1 se encontró un consumo de alimento significativamente inferior cuando se utilizaron niveles de 6 y 9 por ciento de soapstock en la ración. En la fase de engorde (experimentos 3 y 4) la inclusión de niveles hasta de 15 por ciento de soapstock no afectó significativamente el aumento de peso ni la eficiencia de conversión del alimento. El costo de producción por kg de pollo se redujo a medida que aumento el nivel de soapstock en la dieta. Los resultados con respecto a mortalidad, sugieren que el pollo en la fase de engorde (5 a 9 semanas) tolera mejor los más altos niveles de soapstock. En la fase de cría se presentó una tendencia muy consistente, aunque no significativa, a aumentar la mortalidad con la elevación del nivel de soapstock, razón por la cual, se recomienda observar cautela con respecto a su uso en esta fas

Residuos de la industria alimentaria (snacks) como alimento en una lechería en el trópico alto colombiano

This research aimed to evaluate the inclusion of byproducts from snacks industry in dairy cows’ feed. In the north of Antioquia (Colombia), 10 Holstein cows were selected and subjected to two treatments: concentrate feed formulated with snacks by-products (SN) and conventional concentrate based on corn (CO), with five animals in each treatment. The research was subjected to crossover design in a sequence AB/BA. Data regarding quality milk, intake of forage (CF), concentrate (CC), total dry matter intake (CMT), and productions cost were collected. Data analyses were conducted using mixed models. Treatment did not affect (p > 0.05) the CF or CMT, but affect (p < 0.05) CC, with more concentrate intake in SN. The inclusion of snacks by-products resulted in the same milk production and quality (p > 0.05) compared to CO, but with less costs. The economic analysis showed a differential net margin per cow/day of USD 0.17 for SN. This research suggested that inclusion of snacks by-products in dairy cows feed do not affect milk production and quality but result in fewer production costs and better net margins. These outcomes could improve the competitiveness of dairy farms.El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar la inclusión de subproductos de la industria de snacks en la alimentación de vacas lecheras. En el norte de Antioquia (Colombia) se seleccionaron 10 vacas holstein y se sometieron a dos tratamientos: balanceado formulado con subproductos de snacks (SN) y balanceado convencional con base en maíz (CO), con cinco animales en cada tratamiento. El experimento se llevó a cabo con base en un diseño de sobrecambio de secuencia AB/BA. Se registró información de producción y calidad de leche, consumo de forraje (CF), concentrado (CC) y materia seca total (CMT), así como también costos de producción. Los datos fueron analizados con base en modelos mixtos. El tratamiento no afectó (p > 0,05) el CF ni el CMT, pero influyó (p < 0,05) en el CC, a favor del tratamiento SN. La inclusión de subproductos de snacks produjo similar (p > 0,05) volumen y calidad de leche, comparado con el tratamiento CO, aunque a menor costo de producción para el tratamiento SN. El análisis económico mostró un margen de utilidad neta diferencial por vaca/día de $635,91 a favor del SN. Estos resultados sugieren que la inclusión de subproductos de snacks en la dieta de vacas lecheras no afectó la producción ni la calidad de la leche, pero permitió reducir el costo de producción, aspecto importante para la competitividad de los sistemas de lechería especializados

Activation of the Monocyte/Macrophage System and Abnormal Blood Levels of Lymphocyte Subpopulations in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Inflammation; Lymphocytes; MonocytesInflamació; Limfòcits; MonòcitsInflamación; Linfocitos; MonocitosAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition with a so far unknown etiology. Increasing evidence suggests that a state of systemic low-grade inflammation may be involved in the pathophysiology of this condition. However, studies investigating peripheral blood levels of immune cells, and/or of immune cell activation markers such as neopterin are lacking and have provided mixed findings. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies comparing total and differential white blood cell (WBC) counts, blood levels of lymphocyte subpopulations and of neopterin between individuals with ASD and typically developing (TD) controls (PROSPERO registration number: CRD CRD42019146472). Online searches covered publications from 1 January 1994 until 1 March 2022. Out of 1170 publication records identified, 25 studies were finally included. Random-effects meta-analyses were carried out, and sensitivity analyses were performed to control for potential moderators. Results: Individuals with ASD showed a significantly higher WBC count (k = 10, g = 0.29, p = 0.001, I2 = 34%), significantly higher levels of neutrophils (k = 6, g = 0.29, p = 0.005, I2 = 31%), monocytes (k = 11, g = 0.35, p < 0.001, I2 = 54%), NK cells (k = 7, g = 0.36, p = 0.037, I2 = 67%), Tc cells (k = 4, g = 0.73, p = 0.021, I2 = 82%), and a significantly lower Th/Tc cells ratio (k = 3, g = −0.42, p = 0.008, I2 = 0%), compared to TD controls. Subjects with ASD were also characterized by a significantly higher neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (k = 4, g = 0.69, p = 0.040, I2 = 90%), and significantly higher neopterin levels (k = 3, g = 1.16, p = 0.001, I2 = 97%) compared to TD controls. No significant differences were found with respect to the levels of lymphocytes, B cells, Th cells, Treg cells, and Th17 cells. Sensitivity analysis suggested that the findings for monocyte and neutrophil levels were robust, and independent of other factors, such as medication status, diagnostic criteria applied, and/or the difference in age or sex between subjects with ASD and TD controls. Taken together, our findings suggest the existence of a chronically (and systemically) activated inflammatory response system in, at least, a subgroup of individuals with ASD. This might have not only diagnostic, but also, therapeutic implications. However, larger longitudinal studies including more homogeneous samples and laboratory assessment methods and recording potential confounding factors such as body mass index, or the presence of comorbid psychiatric and/or medical conditions are urgently needed to confirm the findings

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Trajetórias da Educomunicação nas Políticas Públicas e a Formação de seus Profissionais

Esta obra é composta com os trabalhos apresentados no primeiro subtema, TRAJETÓRIA – Educação para a Comunicação como Política pública, nas perspectivas da Educomunicação e da Mídia-Educação, do II Congresso Internacional de Comunicação e Educação. Os artigos pretendem propiciar trocas de informações e produzir reflexões com os leitores sobre os caminhos percorridos, e ainda a percorrer, tendo como meta a expansão e a legitimação das práticas educomunicativas e/ou mídia-educativas como política pública para o atendimento à formação de crianças, adolescentes, jovens e adultos, no Brasil e no mundo

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Patients with Crohn's disease have longer post-operative in-hospital stay than patients with colon cancer but no difference in complications' rate

BACKGROUNDRight hemicolectomy or ileocecal resection are used to treat benign conditions like Crohn's disease (CD) and malignant ones like colon cancer (CC).AIMTo investigate differences in pre- and peri-operative factors and their impact on post-operative outcome in patients with CC and CD.METHODSThis is a sub-group analysis of the European Society of Coloproctology's prospective, multi-centre snapshot audit. Adult patients with CC and CD undergoing right hemicolectomy or ileocecal resection were included. Primary outcome measure was 30-d post-operative complications. Secondary outcome measures were post-operative length of stay (LOS) at and readmission.RESULTSThree hundred and seventy-five patients with CD and 2,515 patients with CC were included. Patients with CD were younger (median = 37 years for CD and 71 years for CC (P &lt; 0.01), had lower American Society of Anesthesiology score (ASA) grade (P &lt; 0.01) and less comorbidity (P &lt; 0.01), but were more likely to be current smokers (P &lt; 0.01). Patients with CD were more frequently operated on by colorectal surgeons (P &lt; 0.01) and frequently underwent ileocecal resection (P &lt; 0.01) with higher rate of de-functioning/primary stoma construction (P &lt; 0.01). Thirty-day post-operative mortality occurred exclusively in the CC group (66/2515, 2.3%). In multivariate analyses, the risk of post-operative complications was similar in the two groups (OR 0.80, 95%CI: 0.54-1.17; P = 0.25). Patients with CD had a significantly longer LOS (Geometric mean 0.87, 95%CI: 0.79-0.95; P &lt; 0.01). There was no difference in re-admission rates. The audit did not collect data on post-operative enhanced recovery protocols that are implemented in the different participating centers.CONCLUSIONPatients with CD were younger, with lower ASA grade, less comorbidity, operated on by experienced surgeons and underwent less radical resection but had a longer LOS than patients with CC although complication's rate was not different between the two groups