Aplicação do conhecimento de pescadores artesanais para entender a captura incidental de tartarugas marinhas no sul do Brasil

Dentro do contexto de crise global pesqueira que afeta tanto a pesca industrial quanto a artesanal, este trabalho visa descrever e analisar a pesca artesanal de emalhe no sul do Brasil, além de estudar a interação entre essa pesca artesanal e as tartarugas marinhas. O capítulo 1 consiste na caracterização social, econômica e operacional da pesca artesanal, avaliando o esforço pesqueiro de suas diferentes modalidades. A análise dos dados fornecidos por pescadores revelou a diferenciação na captura e esforço entre dois grupos de embarcações: barcos até 12,5 metros de comprimento total e barcos acima de 12,5 metros. As entrevistas também geraram uma ilustração que demonstra a sobreposição da área de atuação dos pescadores. Neste capítulo são propostas medidas de gestão da pesca artesanal de emalhe que consideram o rendimento dos pescadores e preservam os recursos pesqueiros. No capítulo 2 foram analisados fatores sociais e operacionais da pesca relacionados à captura incidental de tartarugas marinhas. Entrevistas com pescadores (n=92) e desembarques monitorados pelos pescadores (n=320) registrados em locais de pesca dentro e fora de Unidades de Conservação Marinhas no Rio Grande do Sul e Santa Catarina verificaram a influência do manejo espacial sobre as capturas incidentais. Analisou-se também o conhecimento ecológico local (CEL) dos pescadores sobre as tartarugas marinhas. A criação de zonas exclusivas para a pesca artesanal e o aumento de vistorias às redes de pesca são propostas para reduzir as capturas incidentais pela pesca artesanal de emalhe no sul do Brasil, através do envolvimento dos pescadores nas pesquisas e do co-manejo dos recursos pesqueiros.Within the context of global fishing crisis that affects both industrial and artisanal fisheries, this survey aims to describe and analyze the artisanal gillnet fishery in southern Brazil and study the interaction between this fishing and sea turtles. The chapter 1 consists in social, economic and operational characterization of artisanal fisheries, assessing the fishing effort of different kinds of fisheries. The analysis of data provided by fishermen revealed the differentiation in catch and effort between two vessel’s groups: boats up to 12.5 meters long and boats over 12.5 meters. The interviews also show the spatial overlap of areas of operation of fishers. In this chapter we proposed measures for the management of small-scale gillnet fishing that consider the income of fishermen and preserve fish stocks. In chapter 2 we analyzed social and operational fishing factors related to bycatch of sea turtles. Interviews (n=92) and landings (n=320) recorded in fishing grounds inside and outside of Marine Protected Areas in Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina assessed the influence of the spatial management on bycatch. It analyzed also the local ecological knowledge (LEK) of fishers about sea turtles. The creation of exclusive zones for artisanal fishing and to increase inspections of fishing nets are presented to reduce incidental catches by artisanal gillnet fishing in southern Brazil, such as the involvement of fishermen in research and co-management of resources

Competencias digitales del docente y habilidades informacionales en los Estudiantes de Enfermería de la Universidad Cesar Vallejo

El objetivo de este trabajo de investigación es comprobar la correlación entre dos variables importantes en el plano educativo competencias digitales del docente respecto al desarrollo de las habilidades informacionales en discentes de enfermería de una universidad particular Cesar Vallejo, para lo cual se contó con la colaboración de un conjunto de 266 sujetos de los cuales se logró extraer un subconjunto muestral de 158 participantes con los cuales se desarrolló la presente investigación. En relación a la forma de análisis estadístico realizado se trabajó empleando para el análisis cuadro y gráficos para poder establecer la forma en cómo se perciben ambas variables según los estudiantes a partir de sus respuestas en los cuestionarios desarrollados, para el caso de establecer el nivel de relación en las variables se utilizó Rho de Spearman debido a que no se cumplen con los requisitos de la estadística paramétrica, asimismo, debido a los análisis desarrollados se encontró que si hay relación significativa, además esta relación es alta y significativa entre las competencias digitales y las habilidades informacionales.The objective of this research work is to verify the correlation between two important variables in the educational field, digital competences of the teacher with respect to the development of informational skills in nursing students of a private university Cesar Vallejo, for which we had the collaboration of a set of 266 subjects from which it was possible to extract a sample subset of 158 participants with whom the present investigation was developed. In relation to the form of statistical analysis carried out, we worked using charts and graphs for the analysis to be able to establish the way in which both variables are perceived according to the students based on their answers in the questionnaires developed, in the case of establishing the level of relationship in the variables, Spearman's Rho was used because the requirements of parametric statistics are not met, likewise, due to the analyzes carried out, it was found that if there is a significant relationship, this relationship is also high and significant between digital skills and information skills.ChosicaTecnologías de la información y comunicaciónEscuela de Posgrad

Infección del tracto urinario y gestación en adolescente- Hospital Regional de Moquegua 2019

La complicación por infección del tracto urinario (ITU), que se da en el presente caso clínico, se presenta en una adolescente de 18 años que cursa una gestación de 32.5 semanas por estudio ecográfico del II trimestre, la cual presenta como sintomatología, dolor punzante en fosa iliaca izquierda irradiado a zona lumbar, asociado a eliminación de orinas turbias con mal olor. Desconoce la fecha de la última menstruación normal y no acude a control prenatal. Es hospitalizada para un mejor estudio, evaluación y tratamiento del caso. Los objetivos específicos propuestos son: Identificar los factores de riesgo que presentó la gestante adolescente, determinar el tipo de infección del tracto urinario y verificar el uso de protocolo en el manejo de la ITU en gestante adolescente. En el análisis del presente caso clínico se llegaron a las siguientes conclusiones: Los factores de riesgo que presenta la gestante son aquellos de riesgo conductual, socio económico y los factores higiénico preventivo. El tipo de infección del tracto urinario fue pielonefritis aguda por la sintomatología y los estudios correspondientes, y el manejo clínico fue acorde a lo establecido en las Guías nacionales de atención integral de la salud sexual y reproductiva

Modeling electroporation of the non-treated and vacuum impregnated heterogeneous tissue of spinach leaves

Uniform electroporation of the heterogeneous structure of spinach leaf cross section is a technological challenge that is addressed in this investigation. Three dimensional models were created with cells arranged in specific tissue types, considering a leaf with its air fraction and a leaf where the air fraction was replaced by a solution of known properties using vacuum impregnation. The models were validated before electroporation, in the frequency domain, where alternating voltage and current signal at frequencies from 20 Hz to 1 MHz were used to measure conductivity of the tissue. They were also validated through measurements of current during electroporation when a single 250 μs rectangular pulse with amplitudes ranging from 50 to 500 V was applied. Model validations show that both the frequency dependent conductivity and electroporation are well predicted. The importance of the wax layer and stomata in the model is thoroughly discussed. Industrial relevance: Our aim was to investigate electroporation of the spinach leaf by developing a model which would enable us to meet the technological challenge of achieving uniform electroporation in a highly heterogeneous structure in the context of a process aimed at improving freezing stability of plant foods. Pulsed electric field treatment may be used to introduce the cryoprotectant molecules into the cells, and hence improve the structure and properties of frozen food plants

Involvement of the 14-3-3 gene family in autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia: Genetics, transcriptomics and functional analyses

The 14-3-3 protein family are molecular chaperones involved in several biological functions and neurological diseases. We previously pinpointed YWHAZ (encoding 14-3-3ζ) as a candidate gene for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) through a whole-exome sequencing study, which identified a frameshift variant within the gene (c.659-660insT, p.L220Ffs*18). Here, we explored the contribution of the seven human 14-3-3 family members in ASD and other psychiatric disorders by investigating the: (i) functional impact of the 14-3-3ζ mutation p.L220Ffs*18 by assessing solubility, target binding and dimerization; (ii) contribution of common risk variants in 14-3-3 genes to ASD and additional psychiatric disorders; (iii) burden of rare variants in ASD and schizophrenia; and iv) 14-3-3 gene expression using ASD and schizophrenia transcriptomic data. We found that the mutant 14-3-3ζ protein had decreased solubility and lost its ability to form heterodimers and bind to its target tyrosine hydroxylase. Gene-based analyses using publicly available datasets revealed that common variants in YWHAE contribute to schizophrenia (p = 6.6 × 10-7), whereas ultra-rare variants were found enriched in ASD across the 14-3-3 genes (p = 0.017) and in schizophrenia for YWHAZ (meta-p = 0.017). Furthermore, expression of 14-3-3 genes was altered in post-mortem brains of ASD and schizophrenia patients. Our study supports a role for the 14-3-3 family in ASD and schizophrenia

The psychological science accelerator’s COVID-19 rapid-response dataset

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Psychological Science Accelerator coordinated three large-scale psychological studies to examine the effects of loss-gain framing, cognitive reappraisals, and autonomy framing manipulations on behavioral intentions and affective measures. The data collected (April to October 2020) included specific measures for each experimental study, a general questionnaire examining health prevention behaviors and COVID-19 experience, geographical and cultural context characterization, and demographic information for each participant. Each participant started the study with the same general questions and then was randomized to complete either one longer experiment or two shorter experiments. Data were provided by 73,223 participants with varying completion rates. Participants completed the survey from 111 geopolitical regions in 44 unique languages/dialects. The anonymized dataset described here is provided in both raw and processed formats to facilitate re-use and further analyses. The dataset offers secondary analytic opportunities to explore coping, framing, and self-determination across a diverse, global sample obtained at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, which can be merged with other time-sampled or geographic data

Canagliflozin and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes and nephropathy

BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the leading cause of kidney failure worldwide, but few effective long-term treatments are available. In cardiovascular trials of inhibitors of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2), exploratory results have suggested that such drugs may improve renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS In this double-blind, randomized trial, we assigned patients with type 2 diabetes and albuminuric chronic kidney disease to receive canagliflozin, an oral SGLT2 inhibitor, at a dose of 100 mg daily or placebo. All the patients had an estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 30 to <90 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 of body-surface area and albuminuria (ratio of albumin [mg] to creatinine [g], >300 to 5000) and were treated with renin–angiotensin system blockade. The primary outcome was a composite of end-stage kidney disease (dialysis, transplantation, or a sustained estimated GFR of <15 ml per minute per 1.73 m2), a doubling of the serum creatinine level, or death from renal or cardiovascular causes. Prespecified secondary outcomes were tested hierarchically. RESULTS The trial was stopped early after a planned interim analysis on the recommendation of the data and safety monitoring committee. At that time, 4401 patients had undergone randomization, with a median follow-up of 2.62 years. The relative risk of the primary outcome was 30% lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group, with event rates of 43.2 and 61.2 per 1000 patient-years, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.59 to 0.82; P=0.00001). The relative risk of the renal-specific composite of end-stage kidney disease, a doubling of the creatinine level, or death from renal causes was lower by 34% (hazard ratio, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.53 to 0.81; P<0.001), and the relative risk of end-stage kidney disease was lower by 32% (hazard ratio, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.54 to 0.86; P=0.002). The canagliflozin group also had a lower risk of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (hazard ratio, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.67 to 0.95; P=0.01) and hospitalization for heart failure (hazard ratio, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.80; P<0.001). There were no significant differences in rates of amputation or fracture. CONCLUSIONS In patients with type 2 diabetes and kidney disease, the risk of kidney failure and cardiovascular events was lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group at a median follow-up of 2.62 years