Conspectus of Helichrysum Mill. sect. Stoechadina (DC.) Gren. & Godr.(Asteraceae, Gnaphalieae)

A conspectus of Helichrysum sect. Stoechadina (DC.) Gren. & Godr. is provided. Eight species and five subspecies are recognized. For each accepted taxa all synonyms found in the literature are listed, based on the study of the protologues, the type material, and numerous herbarium specimens comprising the whole distribution area and the variability of each species. Notes on the distribution area are provided. Four names are lectotypified, and references to previous lecotypifications are also presented.Es presenta un conspectus de Helichrysum sect. Stoechadina (DC.) Gren. & Godr. Es reconeixen vuit espècies i cinc subespècies. Per cada taxó acceptat es relacionen tots el sinònims trobats a la bibliografia, a partir de l'estudi dels protòlegs, el material tipus i els nombrosos exemplars d'herbari que comprenen tota l'àrea de distribució i la variabilitat de cada espècie. S'aporten notes sobre l'àrea de distribució. Quatre noms han estat lectotipificats y es presenten també referencies sobre lectotipificacions prèvies

Taxonomic evaluation of Galium brockmannii Briq. (Rubiaceae) intraspecific variability

Han sido examinados 13 caracteres morfológicos en 46 individuos de 14 poblaciones de Galium brockmannii Briq. con el objetivo de verificar el estatus taxonómico del presunto endemismo pirenaico G. brockmannii subsp. aterratzense Romo. Mediante un análisis multivariante de la varianza (MANOVA) se ha constatado que las dos subespecies de G. brockmannii no difieren significativamente (W= 0,910, p-valor = 0,259) por lo que respecta a 3 de los principales caracteres considerados diagnósticos en la descripción original de la subsp. aterratzense. No se han encontrado otros caracteres morfológicos que permitan una clara identificación y separación de ambas subespecies. Una representación de los 2 primeros ejes de un Análisis de Componentes Principales (ACP) utilizando los 13 caracteres morfológicos estudiados muestra que la subsp. aterratzense no forma un grupo homogéneo bien caracterizado separable de la subespecie típica. Por otro lado, los 9 individuos de G. idubedae (Pau ex Debeaux) Pau ex Ehrend. estudiados de 5 poblaciones diferentes, utilizados como referencia externa en este análisis, se muestran claramente agrupados y separados de las poblaciones de G. brockmannii. En resumen, todos los dados disponibles sugieren que G. brockmannii subsp. aterratzense debe ser considerado un sinónimo de G. brockmannii.In order to verify the taxonomic status of the presumably endemic Pyrenean Galium brockmannii subsp. aterratzense Romo, 13 morphological characters have been studied in 46 individuals from 14 populations of G. brockmannii. A multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) using the 3 main diagnostic characters for subsp. aterratzense showed no significant differences between the two subspecies of G. brockmannii (W= 0.910, p-value = 0.259). No other discriminating morphological characters for the two subspecies have been found. A Principal Components Analysis (PCA) has been performed using the 13 morphological characters, including 9 individuals from 5 populations of G. idubedae (Pau ex Debeaux) Pau ex Ehrend. as an outgroup. The PCA two first axes representation showed that the two species may be clearly distinguished while G. brockmannii subsp. aterratzense does not form a homogeneous, isolated cluster. In conclusion, all available data support G. brockmannii subsp. aterratzense should be considered a synonym of G. brockmannii

Evaluación taxonómica de la variabilidad intraespecífica de Galium brockmannii Briq. (Rubiaceae)

Han sido examinados 13 caracteres morfológicos en 46 individuos de 14 poblaciones de Galium brockmannii Briq. con el objetivo de verificar el estatus taxonómico del presunto endemismo pirenaico G. brockmannii subsp. aterratzense Romo. Mediante un análisis multivariante de la varianza (MANOVA) se ha constatado que las dos subespecies de G. brockmannii no difieren significativamente (W= 0,910, p-valor = 0,259) por lo que respecta a 3 de los principales caracteres considerados diagnósticos en la descripción original de la subsp. aterratzense. No se han encontrado otros caracteres morfológicos que permitan una clara identificación y separación de ambas subespecies. Una representación de los 2 primeros ejes de un Análisis de Componentes Principales (ACP) utilizando los 13 caracteres morfológicos estudiados muestra que la subsp. aterratzense no forma un grupo homogéneo bien caracterizado separable de la subespecie típica. Por otro lado, los 9 individuos de G. idubedae (Pau ex Debeaux) Pau ex Ehrend. estudiados de 5 poblaciones diferentes, utilizados como referencia externa en este análisis, se muestran claramente agrupados y separados de las poblaciones de G. brockmannii. En resumen, todos los dados disponibles sugieren que G. brockmannii subsp. aterratzense debe ser considerado un sinónimo de G. brockmanniiIn order to verify the taxonomic status of the presumably endemic Pyrenean Galium brockmannii subsp. aterratzense Romo, 13 morphological characters have been studied in 46 individuals from 14 populations of G. brockmannii. A multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) using the 3 main diagnostic characters for subsp. aterratzense showed no significant differences between the two subspecies of G. brockmannii (W= 0.910, p-value = 0.259). No other discriminating morphological characters for the two subspecies have been found. A Principal Components Analysis (PCA) has been performed using the 13 morphological characters, including 9 individuals from 5 populations of G. idubedae (Pau ex Debeaux) Pau ex Ehrend. as an outgroup. The PCA two first axes representation showed that the two species may be clearly distinguished while G. brockmannii subsp. aterratzense does not form a homogeneous, isolated cluster. In conclusion, all available data support G. brockmannii subsp. aterratzense should be considered a synonym of G. brockmanni

Conspectus of Helichrysum Mill. sect. Stoechadina (DC.) Gren. and Godr.(Asteraceae, Gnaphalieae)

Es presenta un conspectus de Helichrysum sect. Stoechadina (DC.) Gren. and Godr. Es reconeixen vuit espècies i cinc subespècies. Per cada taxó acceptat es relacionen tots el sinònims trobats a la bibliografia, a partir de l’estudi dels protòlegs, el material tipus i els nombrosos exemplars d’herbari que comprenen tota l’àrea de distribució i la variabilitat de cada espècie. S’aporten notes sobre l’àrea de distribució. Quatre noms han estat lectotipificats y es presenten també referencies sobre lectotipificacions prèvies.A conspectus of Helichrysum sect. Stoechadina (DC.) Gren. and Godr. is provided. Eight species and five subspecies are recognized. For each accepted taxa all synonyms found in the literature are listed, based on the study of the protologues, the type material, and numerous herbarium specimens comprising the whole distribution area and the variability of each species. Notes on the distribution area are provided. Four names are lectotypified, and references to previous lecotypifications are also presented

Proposal to conserve the name Filago arvensis, with a conserved type, against F. montana (Asteraceae)

[EN] This proposal complements a previous one (Andrés-Sánchez & al. in Taxon 60: 599–600. 2011; proposal 2008) and aims to prevent displacement of the widely used name Filago arvensis L., due to the priority of Filago montana L. over it (Fries, Novit. Fl. Suec. Alt.: 267. 1828)

Phylogeography of western Mediterranean Cymbalaria (Plantaginaceae) reveals two independent long-distance dispersals and entails new taxonomic circumscriptions

The Balearic Islands, Corsica and Sardinia (BCS) constitute biodiversity hotspots in the western Mediterranean Basin. Oligocene connections and long distance dispersal events have been suggested to cause presence of BCS shared endemic species. One of them is Cymbalaria aequitriloba, which, together with three additional species, constitute a polyploid clade endemic to BCS. Combining amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) fingerprinting, plastid DNA sequences and morphometrics, we inferred the phylogeography of the group and evaluated the species' current taxonomic circumscriptions. Based on morphometric and AFLP data we propose a new circumscription for C. fragilis to additionally comprise a group of populations with intermediate morphological characters previously included in C. aequitriloba. Consequently, we suggest to change the IUCN category of C. fragilis from critically endangered (CR) to near threatened (NT). Both morphology and AFLP data support the current taxonomy of the single island endemics C. hepaticifolia and C. muelleri. The four species had a common origin in Corsica-Sardinia, and two long-distance dispersal events to the Balearic Islands were inferred. Finally, plastid DNA data suggest that interspecific gene flow took place where two species co-occur

Systematics and phylogeography of the Mediterranean Helichysum pendulum complex (Compositae) inferred from nuclear and chloroplast DNA and morphometrics analyses

Multiple factors related to complex geomorphological and climatic history, in addition to biological factors such as hybridization, hinder the definition of some Mediterranean plant groups. The existence of controversial taxonomic treatments, the possible hybridization events involved, and its unknown evolutionary history, make the Helichrysum pendulum complex of H. sect. Stoechadina an ideal model to understand general processes of Mediterranean plant systematics and evolution. The mosaic range of the complex, which is distributed over several islands and continental areas in the western-central Mediterranean Basin, provides an opportunity to investigate how past connections and disconnections between landmasses may have determined the current geographic distribution of genetic variation in this area. The cpDNA region rpl32-trnL intergenic spacer and the nrDNA region ETS were sequenced for 1-8 individuals from each of the 44 populations sampled, covering all taxa and the whole geographic range of the complex. These individuals were analysed together with a broad sampling of the remaining members of sect. Stoechadina. In addition, detailed multivariate analyses of morphological characters were performed for the whole section and for the H. pendulum complex. Considering together distinctive genetic and morphological traits, our species concept is presented and discussed in a context of integrative taxonomy, and five species are recognized within the complex: H. errerae, H. melitense, H. pendulum, H. saxatile and H. valentinum. The first three species are recognizable by qualitative and quantitative morphological traits, and are genetically distinguishable from the rest as shown by the molecular markers analysed. The two last species are reported here to have a putative ancient hybrid origin and are also genetically distinguishable from the rest but morphologically recognisable only by quantitative characters. Phylogenetic relationships shown by nuclear and chloroplast markers, and an intermediate morphology between the two putative parental taxa, point to H. pendulum and H. italicum as the putative parental taxa for H. saxatile, and H. pendulum and H. stoechas as putative parental taxa for H. valentinum. In a discriminant analysis of the five species, 97.8% of all individuals were classified correctly. The high level of haplotype and ribotype diversity observed in North Africa indicates that this region is either the area of origin of the complex or a secondary contact zone. Our results suggest that the complex colonized several islands and migrated through the Gibraltar and Sicilian Straits during phases of low sea level, favoured by local dispersal events that promoted its gradual range expansion. The occurrence of the complex in the Balearic Islands, which have remained isolated even during low sea level phases, could be explained by stochastic long-distance dispersal events

Comparative phylogeography of chloroplast and nuclear DNA markers reveals ancient and present hybridization in the Mediterranean Helichrysum pendulum complex (Compositae)

The geological and climatic history of the Mediterranean basin over the last 6 million years has been determinant in shaping current geographic distribution of genetic variation in organisms. Phylogeographical approaches are considered one of most useful analysis for unraveling the evolutionary history of species. The Helichrysum pendulum complex is a group of three closely related plant species distributed in several islands and isolated continental localities of the Western-Central Mediterranean basin, providing an ideal case of study to analyze the processes involved in modelling its current genetic structure. Two cpDNA region rpl32-trnL intergenic spacer and the nrDNA region ETS were sequenced for 1-8 individuals from each of the 44 total populations sampled, covering the whole geographic range of the complex. Our results suggest that the complex originated in northern Africa and colonized several islands and continental areas of the northern Basin through the Gibraltar and Sicilian straits during phases of low sea level, favored by long distance dispersal events. While ETS data suggest a model of isolation by distance and show a main genetic barrier between populations of Western and Central Mediterranean areas, the rpl32-trnL reveals the existence of two divergent and not geographically structured haplotype groups within the complex. Ancient hybridization events among lineages of sect. Stoechadina are suggested as the most plausible cause for the haplotypes pattern observed, while several evidences of current hybridization between H. pendulum and several species of sect. Stoechadina are also detected in ETS data

Generic boundaries in subtribe Saussureinae (Compositae: Cardueae): Insights from Hyb-Seq data

The subtribe Saussureinae is a highly speciose group with more than 600 species distributed in the Northern Hemisphere and is particularly species-rich at the high mountains of central and eastern Asia. Saussurea and Jurinea are the two main genera described within the subtribe. However, up to 15 satellite genera are recognized in some recent taxonomic treatments with an analytical viewpoint. For the first time, we carried out a complete sampling to clarify generic boundaries based on a well-resolved phylogeny of Saussureinae. We employed a Hyb-Seq technique that targets 1061 nuclear conserved ortholog loci designed for Compositae. After a filtering of potential paralogs, 588 loci were retained to infer phylogenetic trees under concatenation and coalescence approaches. High branch support resolution was recovered at the generic level, but a non-monophyletic pattern was detected for most of the genera as they are currently circumscribed. Accordingly, we propose a new generic delimitation based on the three main clades recovered in the backbone tree, which are also in agreement with morphological evidence: Dolomiaea, Saussurea, and Jurinea. Following this classification into three genera, 18 new combinations are proposed. This new genus delineation will be used as a basis for future evolutionary studies in the Saussureinae.Financial support from the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (Project CGL2015-66703-P MINECO/FEDER, UE and Ph.D. grant to Sonia Herrando-Moraira) and the Catalan government (“Ajuts a grups consolidats” 2017-SGR1116) is also greatly acknowledged. This study has been performed under the Ph.D. program “Plant Biology and Biotechnology” of the Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB)INTRODUCTION MATERIALS AND METHODS RESULTS DISCUSSION TAXONOMIC IMPLICATIONS NOTE ADDED IN PROOF AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS ACKNOWLEDGMENT

A new subtribal classification of cardueae: a happy pairing of next-generation-sequencing and morphology

Trabajo presentado en el XII Congreso Latinoamericano de Botánica, celebrado en Quito (Ecuador), el 20 de octubre de 2018Peer reviewe