Preferences of eligible women from an Indian medical college hospital for adapting contraceptives

Background: Indian women prefer to avoid unwanted pregnancy, but do not practice contraception adequately. After completing their family size, they are more concerned about terminating their fertility, rather than spacing the births. The main aim and objective of the study is to find out preferences for (a) Regularity if any, of barrier contraceptive usage (b) Use of any contraception at zero gravidity (c) The prevalence of temporary & permanent contraception (d) Prior practice of any temporary contraception before opting for tubectomy (e) Acceptance of male sterilization.Methods: The study was conducted at Obstetrics & Gynaecology department, Chirayu Medical College and Hospital, Bhopal, India. Women in reproductive age group, whether tubectomized or not & postmenopausal women, attending OPD, admitted or those working at the hospital were included. They were given a prestructured, pretested questionnaire. Sociodemographic details, reproductive & contraception details recorded. Analyzed as per the demands of the study objectives.Results: From total 267 study subjects, 81 % were practicing contraception. 103  temporary and  113 had sterilization done. Only 42 % were using barrier contraceptive effectively.46% of the temporary contraceptive users discontinued. There was no significant difference between temporary and permanent method users. 97% did not use any contraception at zero gravidity. 69% of the sterilized population never used any contraception before they underwent sterilization. There was only one vasectomy in 267 study subjects.Conclusions: The contraceptive methods are poorly practiced. The users do not use any temporary contraception effectively & adequately. A negligible percentage of eligible women practice contraception before first pregnancy. Very few women practice temporary methods any time before they get sterilization done. Overall, the concept of spacing is lacking. Women are more inclined towards permanent methods. Male sterilization is very rarely chosen by the couples

An overview of women with post-partum haemorrhage in a tertiary care centre at capital of Madhya Pradesh, India

Background: Death due to pregnancy remains an important cause of premature mortality of women worldwide. Post-Partum hemorrhage (PPH) is still most common cause of maternal morbidity and mortality. Attention needs to be paid to the prevention of PPH with organization of continuous in-service training for all the health workers to emphasize early identification of the patient’s at risk, anticipation and corresponding readiness to manage PPH cum active management of third stage of labour. Our institute is a tertiary care centre receiving moribund patients with late referral affecting the outcome adversely. This area needs to be explored methodically. The main objective is to Study the pattern of referred & in-house PPH cases, To re-emphasize the importance of antenatal supervision & anticipating, identifying and managing the complications at the earliest as well as prophylactic management of PPH, enhancing the awareness in this regard. Also to find out if there are situations where early referral to the tertiary care centre could have changed the outcomeMethods: The study was conducted at Chirayu Medical College & Hospital, Bhopal, India.  Retrospective data of all the cases of postpartum haemorrhage from November 2010 – October 2015, whether referred or in-house in the study period was recorded. (n= 37; 2.66%).  Patients’ antenatal delivery & PPH details, management received & maternal outcome were recorded. The data was compiled & analyzed statistically in view of the aims & objectives.Results: 84 % were unbooked, 65% delivered at tertiary centre. 70% had atonic PPH, 46% PPH due to coagulopathy. 65% had severe anemia, ARF in 27%, ARDS in 19%.  65% recovered completely, 16% recovered from PPH & had some persistent morbidity, mortality 19%.Conclusions: The importance of antenatal supervised care under expert’s guidance cannot be overemphasized. Identifying the complications at the earliest can prevent many complications. Timely referral of the obstetric patients to a tertiary centre can save many lives

Descriptive analytical study looking for agreement between colposcopic cervical findings and cervical exfoliative cytology

Background: To see whether cervical findings on colposcopy & reports of exfoliative cytology agree with each other according to grade of severity.Methods: This study included 306 cases. Data of PAP’s smear reports & colposcopic examination findings collected. Reports of colposcopically directed s cervical biopsy colleected wherever it was done (28). The colposcopic findings were graded according to Reid’s coloscopic index, reports of PAP’s smear classified according to Bethesda system. Data was analysed to find out any agreement.Results: The findings of colposcopy & PAP’S smear reports (n=306) showed significant agreement (p=0.0037). The findings of colposcopy & colposcopically directed cervical biopsy (n=28) were in agreement with each other. The reports of PAP’S smear & colposcopically directed cervical biopsy (n=28) showed agreement with each other.Conclusion: In India, cancer cervix is prevalent. Hence screening & early diagnosis of preinvasive lesions is very important. Colposcopic findings & pap’s smear reports have an agreement with each other. Pap’s is cheap, easily available, not needing specific training, but low sensitivity. Colposcopy is highly sensitive, costly, not available everywhere. Since they have significant agreement pap’s can be given an equivalent place, especially for screening. Its sensitivity can be increased by repeating the smear. It can be combined with colposcopy, where it is available to increase diagnostic yield

Preferences of eligible women from an Indian medical college hospital for adapting contraceptives

Background: Indian women prefer to avoid unwanted pregnancy, but do not practice contraception adequately. After completing their family size, they are more concerned about terminating their fertility, rather than spacing the births. The main aim and objective of the study is to find out preferences for (a) Regularity if any, of barrier contraceptive usage (b) Use of any contraception at zero gravidity (c) The prevalence of temporary & permanent contraception (d) Prior practice of any temporary contraception before opting for tubectomy (e) Acceptance of male sterilization.Methods: The study was conducted at Obstetrics & Gynaecology department, Chirayu Medical College and Hospital, Bhopal, India. Women in reproductive age group, whether tubectomized or not & postmenopausal women, attending OPD, admitted or those working at the hospital were included. They were given a prestructured, pretested questionnaire. Sociodemographic details, reproductive & contraception details recorded. Analyzed as per the demands of the study objectives.Results: From total 267 study subjects, 81 % were practicing contraception. 103  temporary and  113 had sterilization done. Only 42 % were using barrier contraceptive effectively.46% of the temporary contraceptive users discontinued. There was no significant difference between temporary and permanent method users. 97% did not use any contraception at zero gravidity. 69% of the sterilized population never used any contraception before they underwent sterilization. There was only one vasectomy in 267 study subjects.Conclusions: The contraceptive methods are poorly practiced. The users do not use any temporary contraception effectively & adequately. A negligible percentage of eligible women practice contraception before first pregnancy. Very few women practice temporary methods any time before they get sterilization done. Overall, the concept of spacing is lacking. Women are more inclined towards permanent methods. Male sterilization is very rarely chosen by the couples

First narrow-band search for continuous gravitational waves from known pulsars in advanced detector data

International audienceSpinning neutron stars asymmetric with respect to their rotation axis are potential sources of continuous gravitational waves for ground-based interferometric detectors. In the case of known pulsars a fully coherent search, based on matched filtering, which uses the position and rotational parameters obtained from electromagnetic observations, can be carried out. Matched filtering maximizes the signal-to-noise (SNR) ratio, but a large sensitivity loss is expected in case of even a very small mismatch between the assumed and the true signal parameters. For this reason, narrow-band analysis methods have been developed, allowing a fully coherent search for gravitational waves from known pulsars over a fraction of a hertz and several spin-down values. In this paper we describe a narrow-band search of 11 pulsars using data from Advanced LIGO’s first observing run. Although we have found several initial outliers, further studies show no significant evidence for the presence of a gravitational wave signal. Finally, we have placed upper limits on the signal strain amplitude lower than the spin-down limit for 5 of the 11 targets over the bands searched; in the case of J1813-1749 the spin-down limit has been beaten for the first time. For an additional 3 targets, the median upper limit across the search bands is below the spin-down limit. This is the most sensitive narrow-band search for continuous gravitational waves carried out so far

Open data from the first and second observing runs of Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo

Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo are monitoring the sky and collecting gravitational-wave strain data with sufficient sensitivity to detect signals routinely. In this paper we describe the data recorded by these instruments during their first and second observing runs. The main data products are gravitational-wave strain time series sampled at 16384 Hz. The datasets that include this strain measurement can be freely accessed through the Gravitational Wave Open Science Center at http://gw-openscience.org, together with data-quality information essential for the analysis of LIGO and Virgo data, documentation, tutorials, and supporting software