Differentiable production and condition indices of premigrant eels (Anguilla anguilla) in two Atlantic coastal catchments of France

This paper assesses potential production of premigrant European eels Anguilla anguilla based on analysis of sedentary eel populations in two small river systems in western France that are in close proximity. Abundance and biological characteristics were evaluated from electrofishing surveys conducted in three years in September and October, before the catadromous migration of silver eels. Mean density and biomass density of the eel population differed greatly between the systems (39 ± 6 ind.100 m ± 2 and 1352 ± 171 g.100 m ± 2 in the Frémur River and 3 ± 0.32 ind.100 m ± 2 and 385 ± 42 g.100 m ± 2 in the Oir River). Premigrants were dominated by males in the Frémur (85.8%) and by females in the Oir (79.0%). Estimated premigrant biomass density was 4.5-fold higher in the Frémur (254.5 g.100 m ± 2.year ± 1) than in the Oir (56.0 g.100 m ± 2.year ± 1). Mean Fulton’s K condition factor was significantly higher for both sexes in the Oir (0.20 ± 0.004 and 0.20 ± 0.003 for males and females, respectively) than in the Frémur (0.17 ± 0.002 and 0.17 ± 0.004, respectively). The large differences in densities and biological characteristics of eels from neighboring catchments suggest that huge variability of both quantity and quality of silver eel production can be expected at the scale of the European stock

Quelles pratiques infirmières permettent de répondre aux besoins des mères lors de la période de transition à la naissance afin de limiter le risque d'épuisement postnatal ?: travail de Bachelor

Contexte : Le risque d’épuisement ou de dépression durant la période postnatale est un sujet encore peu étudié; les femmes, souvent, ne parlent pas des difficultés rencontrées durant cette période par peur d’être jugées sous le poids des représentations sociétales. But : Conçu sous forme de revue de la littérature, ce travail de Bachelor consiste à identifier les besoins principaux des mères lors de la période de transition à la naissance, ainsi que les pratiques infirmières permettant de prévenir ou de dépister le risque d’épuisement. Méthode : La recherche est réalisée sur la base de données CINAHL, à l’aide de mots clés préalablement définis. Les articles ont été sélectionnés par la pertinence de leur titre puis par la lecture des abstracts et la concordance avec les thématiques principales traitées. Finalement, douze études qualitatives, quantitatives ou revues systématiques ont été analysées. Résultats : Les besoins principaux des mères en cette période de transition sont le soutien social et professionnel, le repos, et la confiance en elles et en leurs capacités à prendre soin de leur bébé. Les pratiques soignantes auprès des mères consistent principalement en un soutien émotionnel et informatif basé sur leurs propres besoins et ceux du nouveau-né et renforçant leurs compétences. Conclusion : Cette revue de la littérature permet de sensibiliser les futurs parents et les professionnels de santé sur les risques engendrés par la période de transition à la naissance. Elle met également en évidence le rôle infirmier dans la prévention et le dépistage d’un épuisement postnatal

Single-cell transcriptomics reveals shared immunosuppressive landscapes of mouse and human neuroblastoma

BACKGROUND High-risk neuroblastoma is a pediatric cancer with still a dismal prognosis, despite multimodal and intensive therapies. Tumor microenvironment represents a key component of the tumor ecosystem the complexity of which has to be accurately understood to define selective targeting opportunities, including immune-based therapies. METHODS We combined various approaches including single-cell transcriptomics to dissect the tumor microenvironment of both a transgenic mouse neuroblastoma model and a cohort of 10 biopsies from neuroblastoma patients, either at diagnosis or at relapse. Features of related cells were validated by multicolor flow cytometry and functional assays. RESULTS We show that the immune microenvironment of MYCN-driven mouse neuroblastoma is characterized by a low content of T cells, several phenotypes of macrophages and a population of cells expressing signatures of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) that are molecularly distinct from the various macrophage subsets. We document two cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) subsets, one of which corresponding to CAF-S1, known to have immunosuppressive functions. Our data unravel a complex content in myeloid cells in patient tumors and further document a striking correspondence of the microenvironment populations between both mouse and human tumors. We show that mouse intratumor T cells exhibit increased expression of inhibitory receptors at the protein level. Consistently, T cells from patients are characterized by features of exhaustion, expressing inhibitory receptors and showing low expression of effector cytokines. We further functionally demonstrate that MDSCs isolated from mouse neuroblastoma have immunosuppressive properties, impairing the proliferation of T lymphocytes. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that neuroblastoma tumors have an immunocompromised microenvironment characterized by dysfunctional T cells and accumulation of immunosuppressive cells. Our work provides a new and precious data resource to better understand the neuroblastoma ecosystem and suggest novel therapeutic strategies, targeting both tumor cells and components of the microenvironment

Viral to metazoan marine plankton nucleotide sequences from the Tara Oceans expedition

A unique collection of oceanic samples was gathered by the Tara Oceans expeditions (2009-2013), targeting plankton organisms ranging from viruses to metazoans, and providing rich environmental context measurements. Thanks to recent advances in the field of genomics, extensive sequencing has been performed for a deep genomic analysis of this huge collection of samples. A strategy based on different approaches, such as metabarcoding, metagenomics, single-cell genomics and metatranscriptomics, has been chosen for analysis of size-fractionated plankton communities. Here, we provide detailed procedures applied for genomic data generation, from nucleic acids extraction to sequence production, and we describe registries of genomics datasets available at the European Nucleotide Archive (ENA, www.ebi.ac.uk/ena). The association of these metadata to the experimental procedures applied for their generation will help the scientific community to access these data and facilitate their analysis. This paper complements other efforts to provide a full description of experiments and open science resources generated from the Tara Oceans project, further extending their value for the study of the world's planktonic ecosystems

Rare and low-frequency coding variants alter human adult height

Height is a highly heritable, classic polygenic trait with ~700 common associated variants identified so far through genome - wide association studies . Here , we report 83 height - associated coding variants with lower minor allele frequenc ies ( range of 0.1 - 4.8% ) and effects of up to 2 16 cm /allele ( e.g. in IHH , STC2 , AR and CRISPLD2 ) , >10 times the average effect of common variants . In functional follow - up studies, rare height - increasing alleles of STC2 (+1 - 2 cm/allele) compromise d proteolytic inhibition of PAPP - A and increased cleavage of IGFBP - 4 in vitro , resulting in higher bioavailability of insulin - like growth factors . The se 83 height - associated variants overlap genes mutated in monogenic growth disorders and highlight new biological candidates ( e.g. ADAMTS3, IL11RA, NOX4 ) and pathways ( e.g . proteoglycan/ glycosaminoglycan synthesis ) involved in growth . Our results demonstrate that sufficiently large sample sizes can uncover rare and low - frequency variants of moderate to large effect associated with polygenic human phenotypes , and that these variants implicate relevant genes and pathways

Hémoglobinurie paroxystique nocturne (étude d'une série monocentrique de seize cas)

BORDEAUX2-BU Santé (330632101) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Attitudes, risk of infection and behaviours in the operating room (the ARIBO Project): a prospective, cross-sectional study

International audienceIntroduction: Inappropriate staff behaviours can lead to environmental contamination in the operating room (OR) and subsequent surgical site infection (SSI). This study will focus on the continued assessment of OR staff behaviours using a motion tracking system and their impact on the SSI risk during surgical procedures. Methods and analysis: This multicentre prospective cross-sectional study will include 10 ORs of cardiac and orthopaedic surgery in 12 healthcare facilities (HCFs). The staff behaviour will be assessed by an objective, continued and prolonged quantification of movements within the OR. A motion tracking system including eight optical cameras (VICON-Bonita) will record the movements of reflective markers placed on the surgical caps/hoods of each person entering the room. Different configurations of markers positioning will be used to distinguish between the staff category. Doors opening will be observed by means of wireless inertial sensors fixed on the doors and synchronised with the motion tracking system. We will collect information on the OR staff, surgical procedures and surgical environment characteristics. The behavioural data obtained will be compared (1) to the 'best behaviour rules' in the OR, pre-established using a Delphi method and (2) to surrogates of the infectious risk represented by microbiological air counts, particle counts, and a bacteriological sample of the wound at closing. Statistics will be performed using univariate and multivariate analysis to adjust on the aerolic and architectural characteristics of the OR. A multilevel model will allow including surgical specialty and HCFs effects. Through this study, we will develop an original approach using high technology tools associated to data processing techniques to evaluate 'automatically' the behavioural dynamics of the OR staff and their impact on the SSI risk. Ethics and dissemination: Approbation of the Institutional Review Board of Paris North Hospitals, Paris 7 University, AP-HP (no 11-113, 6 April 2012). The findings will be disseminated through peer- reviewed journals, and national and international conference presentations

Behavioural Study in one group of Lagothrix sp. E. Geofrroy, 181 (Atelidae, Primates) in semi captivity in one rescue center in the ecuadorian amazon

El comportamiento de un grupo de Lagothrix sp. en semicautiverio fue estudiado durante los meses de Febrero a Junio 2011. El grupo está conformado por siete hembras y cuatro machos. El proyecto Primates Ecuador mantiene un protocolo en el cual se estudió el comportamiento por medio de barridos y de focales desde las 8:00 hasta las 17:00. Adicionalmente se estudió el uso del estrato. En cuanto al uso de tiempo, se observó dos picos altos del comportamiento de alimentación entre las 8-8h59 y entre las 13h-13h59 que corresponden con la alimentación artificial que se les proporciona en el centro de rescate. En cuanto al uso del estrato vertical, este grupo no utiliza con frecuencia los estratos superiores a los cinco metros. Los individuos de este grupo pasan la mayor parte del tiempo en el suelo, ya sea para alimentarse o para el reposo. Esto nos indica que todavía están lejos para rehabilitarse ya que en el medio natural pasan la mayor parte del tiempo en los estratos superiores de los árboles en buscan de alimento.Proyecto Primates Ecuado

Qualitative assessment of the national initiative to implement antimicrobial stewardship centres in French administrative regions

Abstract Background In May 2020, the French Ministry of Health funded the creation of regional antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) coordination centres (CRAtb) in preparation for the new national framework for the prevention of antimicrobial resistance. This study aimed to assess through qualitative methods the implementation process, the activities carried out, and the interactions with other regional stakeholders of the newly created CRAtb. Methods We conducted a mixed-method study based on a cross-sectional survey and semi-structured interviews by French regions among implemented CRAtb. Of the eight eligible French regions with an existing CRAtb, seven participated to the online survey. Regional partners involved in AMS from the eight regions were interviewed between September 2021 and April 2022. The survey questionnaire addressed, through closed questions, the organization of the CRAtb, articulation with other regional actors involved in AMS and infection prevention and control (IPC), and AMS activities. The semi-structured interviews approached the implementation and the role of CRAtb, and the collaboration of other AMS and IPC stakeholders. Interview transcripts were analysed using thematic content analysis methodology. Results AMS activities carried out by CRAtb were mainly focusing on hospitals (n = 3), primary care (n = 2) and nursing homes (n = 1). Education mostly relied on training days and AMS help lines, communication on websites and newsletters. CRAtb members reported still being more engaged in providing advice to professionals for individual antibiotic treatments rather than collective-level AMS activities. Interactions were frequent between CRAtb, IPC regional centres and health authorities, but rarely involved other stakeholders. Interviews were performed with 28 professionals involved in AMS from eight regions. Pre-existing networks and working relationships in AMS and more broadly facilitated the implementation of CRAtb. Streamlining and decompartmentalizing IPC and AMS regional activities were considered a way to optimise the prevention of antimicrobial resistance across sectors. The engagement with liberal health professionals was identified as a significant obstacle for CRAtb. Conclusions Two years after the launch of a new national framework, the implementation of CRAtb appeared complex in most regions. An integrative model joining IPC and AMS efforts, relying on existing networks, with engagement from liberal health profession organisations may be the next pivotal step