Anaerobic Contributions Are Influenced by Active Muscle Mass and The Applied Methodology in Well-Controlled Muscle Group

International Journal of Exercise Science 15(7): 599-615, 2022. The anaerobic metabolism determination is complex and the applied methodologies present limitations. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different calculations (MAOD vs. AOD) on the anaerobic contribution using the dynamic knee extension. Twenty-four male were recruited [Mean (SD); age 27 (1) years, body mass 90 (3) kg, height 181 (2) cm]. This study was divided into two independent experiments (EXP1: ­one-legged; EXP2: two-legged). In both experiments, it was performed a graded exercise test to determine maximal power (MP-GXT); 2-4 submaximal efforts (VO2-intensity relationship); and an exhaustive effort. The theoretical energy demand for the exhaustive effort (TEDex) was constructed from the submaximal efforts. Therefore, MAOD was assumed as the difference between the TEDex and the accumulated VO2 (AVO2). In contrast, the energy demand for AOD was calculated as the product between VO2 at the end of exercise and time to exhaustion (TEDaod). Thus, AOD was assumed as the difference between TEDaod and AVO2. Bayesian paired t-test was used to compare the differences between the applied methods. Also, correlations between the anaerobic indices and performance were verified. In EXP1, AOD was higher than MAOD [1855 (741) vs. 434 (245); BF10 = 2925; ES = 2.5]. In contrast, in EXP2, MAOD was higher than AOD [2832 (959) vs. 1636 (549); BF10 = 3.33; ES = 1.4]. Also, AOD was correlated to performance (r = .59; BF10 = 4.38). We concluded that MAOD and AOD are a distinct phenomenon and must be utilized according to the exercise model

Variaciones del índice de cono en suelo movilizado posterior al tráfico de un tractor equipado con dos tipos de neumáticos y a cuatro velocidades de desplazamiento

The tractor is one of the machines that more traffics over the soil during the processes involving agricultural production. The interaction tractor/soil is made by the tires which, in most of the cases, are pneumatic. The tire type and the tractor travel speed, interfere directly on the pressure over the soil. One of the techniques employed to evaluate the alterations that tractor traffic causes in the soil is to measure its Cone Index. The aim of this research was to evaluate the same Cone Index alterations caused by an agricultural tractor equipped with both radial tires and bias ply tires, trafficking mobilized soil in four different travel speeds. The experiment was performed in a LATOSSOLO VERMELHO, located 22°51' S, 48°25'W and 770 m of altitude, in Botucatu-SP, Brazil. The soil mobilization was performed with a chisel plow and a disc arrow. The traction was accomplished with a John Deere tractor, model 6600, with 88 kW of power and 6,723 kg. Equipment requiring a force of 25kN was traced by the tractor draw bar. The experimental design was in randomized blocks with 4 × 2 factorial arrangements, with two distinct treatments corresponding to the types of tires (bias and radial) and the four travel speeds, with six replications. There were selected the following speeds: 3.5, 3.9, 5.1 and 5.9 km h-1. To determine the soil resistance, there was utilized MSSU - Mobile Soil Sampling Unit, with which the Cone Index was obtained in layers from 0-100, 100-200, 200-300, 300-400, 400-500 and over 500 mm deep. The Cone Index where evaluated in areas with non contact between tire and soil (ICn) and in the tire footprint track (ICp). There were calculated the Cone Index increments caused by the tractor tire (AIC) and the results showed that as the tractor travel speed increased, there were observed decrements in the medium values of cone index. The radial tire provided smaller values of the Cone Index in the superficial layer of the soil (0 to 100 mm) in relation to the bias ply tire, when the speed was approximately 6 km h-1. The increment in the Cone Index, promoted by the tractor, was more intense in the first 200 mm depth, but it also reached the layer from 200 to 300 mm

Selection index and molecular markers in reciprocal recurrent selection in maize.

Reciprocal recurrent selection among full-sib families is one of the outstanding methodologies of maize improvement. since gains are possible in the per se and/or in cross population. Here the selection index proposed by Smith and Hazel was used in the cited methodology; besides. an additiolnal phase involving RAPD markers was introduced to preserve the genetic variability of the selected genotypes and identifv contaminants before their recombination. Multivariate techniques of grouping and discriminant analyses were used for this purpose. to assure the continuance of the improvement program and amplify the genetic distance between the populations Cimmyt and Piranão, which were used for an intervarietal hybrid. The molecullar technique proved useful to identifv contaminants and helpful in the choice of the genotypes to be recombined to maximize heterosis among populations. The technique can be included in recurrent selection programs, mainlv those that target the development of hybrids

Supersymmetric solutions of PT-/non-PT-symmetric and non-Hermitian Screened Coulomb potential via Hamiltonian hierarchy inspired variational method

The supersymmetric solutions of PT-symmetric and Hermitian/non-Hermitian forms of quantum systems are obtained by solving the Schrodinger equation for the Exponential-Cosine Screened Coulomb potential. The Hamiltonian hierarchy inspired variational method is used to obtain the approximate energy eigenvalues and corresponding wave functions.Comment: 13 page

Temperaturas de armazenamento de sementes de Bowdichia virgilioides: uma espécie em extinção

Bowdichia virgilioides Kunth is a tree species native to the Brazilian Cerrado that has been listed as an endangered species due to its overexploitation in the last decades. Given its slow and difficult propagation in natural environments, propagation in plant nurseries appears as an interesting strategy to preserve this endangered species. Therefore, in this study we employed a wide range of temperatures (i.e. from -25°C to -196°C) to store seeds of B. virgilioides in the short-term, and evaluated its efficiency by assessing seed germination rate, speed index, time and synchrony, as well as seedling growth and quality. Germination percentage was only slightly negatively affected by storage time (up to 32 weeks) at 25°C. Despite that, after 32 weeks of storage, all storage temperatures resulted in similar seed germination parameters and seedling growth and quality. Overall, our results highlight that the seeds of this species can be stored in the short-term at a wide range of temperatures, facilitating large-scale propagation in plant nurseries.Bowdichia virgilioides Kunth es una especie arbórea nativa del bosque Cerrado brasileño que ha sido considerada en peligro de extinción debido a su sobreexplotación en las últimas décadas. Dada su lenta y difícil propagación en ambientes naturales, la propagación de plantas en viveros aparece como una estrategia interesante para preservar esta especie en peligro de extinción. Por lo tanto, en este estudio empleamos un amplio rango de temperaturas (es decir, desde -25 °C a -196 °C) para almacenar semillas de B. virgilioides en un corto plazo y evaluar su eficiencia a través de la tasa de germinación de semillas, el índice de velocidad, el tiempo y la sincronía, así como el crecimiento y la calidad de las plántulas. El porcentaje de germinación se vio afectado ligeramente por el tiempo de almacenamiento (de hasta 32 semanas) a una temperatura de 25 °C. A pesar de eso, después de 32 semanas de almacenamiento, todas las temperaturas de almacenamiento dieron como resultado la germinación de las semillas, con crecimiento y calidad de plántulas similares. En general, nuestros resultados destacan que las semillas de esta especie se pueden almacenar en un corto plazo en una amplia gama de temperaturas, facilitando así la propagación a gran escala en viveros.Bowdichia virgilioides Kunth é uma espécie arbórea nativa do Cerrado brasileiro que tem sido considerada ameaçada de extinção devido à sua superexploração nas últimas décadas. Por ter uma propagação lenta e dificultada em ambientes naturais, a propagação em viveiros de plantas surge como uma estratégia interessante para preservar esta espécie ameaçada de extinção. Portanto, neste estudo, empregamos uma ampla gama de temperaturas (i.e., de -25°C a -196°C) para armazenar sementes de B. virgilioides em curto prazo e avaliamos sua eficiência através da taxa de germinação de sementes, índice de velocidade, tempo e sincronia, bem como crescimento e qualidade da plântula. A porcentagem de germinação sofreu pequenas reduções com o tempo de armazenamento (de até 32 semanas) apenas na temperatura de 25°C. Apesar disso, após 32 semanas de armazenamento, todas as temperaturas de armazenamento resultaram em parâmetros de germinação de sementes, crescimento e qualidade de plântulas semelhantes. De forma geral, nossos resultados demonstram que as sementes dessa espécie podem ser armazenadas no curto prazo em uma ampla faixa de temperatura, facilitando a propagação da espécie em larga escala em viveiros

Modelagem fuzzy para previsão da produtividade de goiabeira 'Paluma' em sistema agroindustrial em função da época de poda e do estado nutricional.

Abstract. As incertezas inerentes ao processo de produção de goiaba Paluma, principalmente quando se considera a época de poda e a avaliação do estado nutricional das plantas, podem interferir nos ganhos do fruticultor, pois a adubação representa boa parte dos custos de produção. Neste trabalho, apresentamos um modelo fuzzy para estimar a produtividade da goiabeira Paluma incorporando ao modelo as incertezas nos teores foliares de NPK e a época da poda. Consideraram-se nas relações fuzzy as tabelas de suficiência dos nutrientes e a experiência dos pesquisadores e produtores. O controlador fuzzy foi bem sucedido na tarefa de predizer a produtividade da goiabeira. Os resultados estimados quando comparados com os observados no campo apresentaram erro inferior a 10% para a maioria das amostras analisadas

Effect of antibodies to intercellular adhesion molecule type 1 on the protection of distant organs during reperfusion syndrome in rats

We investigated kidney and lung alterations caused by intercellular adhesion molecule type 1 (ICAM-1) blockade after ischemia and reperfusion of hind limb skeletal muscles. Rats were submitted to ligature of the infrarenal aorta for 6 h. The animals were randomized into three groups of 6 rats each: group I, sacrificed after ischemia; group II, reperfusion for 24 h, and group III, reperfusion for 24 h after receiving monoclonal anti-ICAM-1 antibodies. At the end of the experiment, blood samples were collected for creatinine, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine phosphokinase, potassium, pH and leukocyte counts. Samples were taken from the muscles of the hind limbs and from the kidneys and lungs for histological analysis and measurement of the neutrophil infiltrate by myeloperoxidase staining. The groups did not differ significantly with regard to the laboratory tests. There were no major histological alterations in the kidneys. An intense neutrophil infiltrate in the lungs, similar in all groups, was detected. Myeloperoxidase determination showed that after reperfusion there was significantly less retention of polymorphonuclear neutrophils in the muscles (352 ± 70 vs 1451 ± 235 × 10² neutrophils/mg; P<0.01) and in the kidneys (526 ± 89 vs 852 ± 73 × 10² neutrophils/mg; P<0.01) of the animals that received anti-ICAM-1 before perfusion compared to the group that did not. The use of anti-ICAM-1 antibodies in this experimental model minimized neutrophil influx, thus reducing the inflammatory process, in the muscles and kidneys after ischemia and reperfusion of the hind limbs.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de Medicina Departamento de CirurgiaUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de Medicina Departamento de ClínicaUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de Medicina Departamento de PatologiaUNIFESP, EPM, Depto. de CirurgiaUNIFESP, EPM, Depto. de ClínicaUNIFESP, EPM, Depto. de PatologiaSciEL