1-(2-Hy­droxy-5-methyl­phen­yl)-3-(2-methyl­phen­yl)prop-2-en-1-one

In the title compound, C17H16O2, the dihedral angle between the aromatic rings is 5.12 (13)° and an intra­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bond generates an S(6) ring

1-(2-Hy­droxy-4-meth­oxy­phen­yl)-3-(4-methyl­phen­yl)prop-2-en-1-one

The mol­ecule of the title compound, C17H16O3, exists in the E conformation with respect to the central C=C bond, is almost planar(r.m.s. deviation = 0.003 Å) and has an intra­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bond, which generates an S(6) ring. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked by C—H⋯O inter­actions

Spatial variability of water quality in the upstream Bhadra river, tributary of river Tungabhadra, in the Western Ghats of India: Application of multivariate statistical techniques

649-664Water quality of river water examined at 23 stations in the upstream of Bhadra River basin from Kudrekmukh National Park (KNP) to Bhadra Wildlife Sanctuary (BWS) in India. Spatial cluster analysis performed on 23 sampling stations revealed three clusters depending on the similarities in the water quality variables that could delineate the number of sampling stations required for optimal sampling. Sample cluster analysis classified the 24 environmental variables in the data set into seven clusters depending on the similarities in the water quality variables. Principal component analysis of water produced 7 components, which accounted for 88.15 % of total variance. Factor analysis was performed on principal components extracted seven variance factors (VFs) after rotation with all VFs having eigenvectors of high (> 0.70) and moderate (> 0.50) loadings. The VF 1 accounted for 37.93 % of total variance with 9 eigenvectors (loading > 0.70) such as conductivity, total alkalinity, total hardness, Ca, Mg, Na, K, chloride and silicate. On total eigenvectors generated on 24 water quality data sets of river water were classified into four types viz. safe (normal), low polluted, medium polluted and highly polluted waters with corresponding total eigenvectors of 0.50 - 1.00 - 1.50, respectively. Total factor score produced for 23 sampling stations revealed a total of five types of sampling stations with safe, low, medium, high and very high levels of pollution with corresponding total factor scores of less than zero ( 0.0 - 1.50 - 3.00 - 4.50), respectively

1-(2-Hydr­oxy-5-methyl­phen­yl)-3-(3-methylthiophen-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one

In the structure of the title compound, C15H14O2S, the benzene ring is nearly coplanar with the thio­phene ring. The hydroxy group substituted at C2 position is in an antiperi­planar conformation with respect to the phenyl ring. The crystal structure exhibits weak intramolecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bonding

Statistical models to identify significant crop-logging parameters influencing crop-yield across various growth stages in brinjal (Solanum melongena)

Crop-logging models developed showed that brinjal (Solamun melogena L.) crop yield could be predicted well in advance as early as 26 DAP using three biometrical traits (plant height, plant girth and plant spread north south ) to an extent of 71 %. As the DAP increases prediction of yield could be possible to an extent of 88%. Identification and removal of outliers in data set increased the prediction of models in the range of 31%, 33%, 34 and 8% respectively across four crop growth stages

Safety of Levetiracetam in paediatrics: a systematic review

Objective To identify adverse events (AEs) associated with Levetiracetam (LEV) in children. Methods Databases EMBASE (1974-February 2015) and Medline (1946-February 2015) were searched for articles in which paediatric patients (≤18 years) received LEV treatment for epilepsy. All studies with reports on safety were included. Studies involving adults, mixed age population (i.e. children and adults) in which the paediatric subpopulation was not sufficiently described, were excluded. A meta-analysis of the RCTs was carried out and association between the commonly reported AEs or treatment discontinuation and the type of regimen (polytherapy or monotherapy) was determined using Chi2 analysis. Results Sixty seven articles involving 3,174 paediatric patients were identified. A total of 1,913 AEs were reported across studies. The most common AEs were behavioural problems and somnolence, which accounted for 10.9% and 8.4% of all AEs in prospective studies. 21 prospective studies involving 1120 children stated the number of children experiencing AEs. 47% of these children experienced AEs. Significantly more children experienced AEs with polytherapy (64%) than monotherapy (22%) (p<0.001). Levetiracetam was discontinued in 4.5% of all children on polytherapy and 0.9% on monotherapy (p<0.001), the majority were due to behavioural problems. Conclusion Behavioural problems and somnolence were the most prevalent adverse events to LEV and the most common causes of treatment discontinuation. Children on polytherapy have a greater risk of adverse events than those receiving monotherapy

Outcomes of obstructed abdominal wall hernia: results from the UK national small bowel obstruction audit

Background: Abdominal wall hernia is a common surgical condition. Patients may present in an emergency with bowel obstruction, incarceration or strangulation. Small bowel obstruction (SBO) is a serious surgical condition associated with significant morbidity. The aim of this study was to describe current management and outcomes of patients with obstructed hernia in the UK as identified in the National Audit of Small Bowel Obstruction (NASBO). Methods: NASBO collated data on adults treated for SBO at 131 UK hospitals between January and March 2017. Those with obstruction due to abdominal wall hernia were included in this study. Demographics, co-morbidity, imaging, operative treatment, and in-hospital outcomes were recorded. Modelling for factors associated with mortality and complications was undertaken using Cox proportional hazards and multivariable regression modelling. Results: NASBO included 2341 patients, of whom 415 (17·7 per cent) had SBO due to hernia. Surgery was performed in 312 (75·2 per cent) of the 415 patients; small bowel resection was required in 198 (63·5 per cent) of these operations. Non-operative management was reported in 35 (54 per cent) of 65 patients with a parastomal hernia and in 34 (32·1 per cent) of 106 patients with an incisional hernia. The in-hospital mortality rate was 9·4 per cent (39 of 415), and was highest in patients with a groin hernia (11·1 per cent, 17 of 153). Complications were common, including lower respiratory tract infection in 16·3 per cent of patients with a groin hernia. Increased age was associated with an increased risk of death (hazard ratio 1·05, 95 per cent c.i. 1·01 to 1·10; P = 0·009) and complications (odds ratio 1·05, 95 per cent c.i. 1·02 to 1·09; P = 0·001). Conclusion: NASBO has highlighted poor outcomes for patients with SBO due to hernia, highlighting the need for quality improvement initiatives in this group

Intraperitoneal drain placement and outcomes after elective colorectal surgery: international matched, prospective, cohort study

Despite current guidelines, intraperitoneal drain placement after elective colorectal surgery remains widespread. Drains were not associated with earlier detection of intraperitoneal collections, but were associated with prolonged hospital stay and increased risk of surgical-site infections.Background Many surgeons routinely place intraperitoneal drains after elective colorectal surgery. However, enhanced recovery after surgery guidelines recommend against their routine use owing to a lack of clear clinical benefit. This study aimed to describe international variation in intraperitoneal drain placement and the safety of this practice. Methods COMPASS (COMPlicAted intra-abdominal collectionS after colorectal Surgery) was a prospective, international, cohort study which enrolled consecutive adults undergoing elective colorectal surgery (February to March 2020). The primary outcome was the rate of intraperitoneal drain placement. Secondary outcomes included: rate and time to diagnosis of postoperative intraperitoneal collections; rate of surgical site infections (SSIs); time to discharge; and 30-day major postoperative complications (Clavien-Dindo grade at least III). After propensity score matching, multivariable logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards regression were used to estimate the independent association of the secondary outcomes with drain placement. Results Overall, 1805 patients from 22 countries were included (798 women, 44.2 per cent; median age 67.0 years). The drain insertion rate was 51.9 per cent (937 patients). After matching, drains were not associated with reduced rates (odds ratio (OR) 1.33, 95 per cent c.i. 0.79 to 2.23; P = 0.287) or earlier detection (hazard ratio (HR) 0.87, 0.33 to 2.31; P = 0.780) of collections. Although not associated with worse major postoperative complications (OR 1.09, 0.68 to 1.75; P = 0.709), drains were associated with delayed hospital discharge (HR 0.58, 0.52 to 0.66; P &lt; 0.001) and an increased risk of SSIs (OR 2.47, 1.50 to 4.05; P &lt; 0.001). Conclusion Intraperitoneal drain placement after elective colorectal surgery is not associated with earlier detection of postoperative collections, but prolongs hospital stay and increases SSI risk