ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ АСОРТИМЕНТУ ЛІКАРСЬКИХ ЗАСОБІВ ДЛЯ МІСЦЕВОГО ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ В СТОМАТОЛОГІЇ

Introduction. Oral dysfunctions are one of the most common diseases of the body. Due to the rapid progression, high prevalence, the study of the assortment of medicines is important for the purpose of expanding the treatment regimens and finding new effective medicinesThe aim of the study  – to examine the range of the assortment of medicines for local use in dentistry, which are presented on the pharmaceutical market of Ukraine and available to consumers by comparing the range over the past 5 yearsResearch methods. The range of medicines and the dynamics of its change for 5 years was studied using accessible electronic resources and analytical systems.Results and Discussion. The countries that export drugs to the Ukrainian pharmaceutical market are established. The main domestic manufacturers of the investigated assortment of medicinal products are determined. When segmentation of the drug market for medicinal forms it is established that foreign manufacturers deliver gels and solutions to the market, while domestic firms prefer medicinal plant raw materials.Мета роботи. Вивчити асортимент лікарських засобів для місцевого застосування у стоматології, які представлені на фармацевтичному ринку України та доступні споживачам шляхом порівняння асортименту за останні 5 років.Матеріали і методи. Асортимент лікарських засобів і динаміку його зміни впродовж 5 років вивчали за допомогою доступних електронних ресурсів та аналітичних систем.Результати й обговорення. Встановлено країни, які експортують на український фармацевтичний ринок лікарські засоби досліджуваної групи. Визначено основних вітчизняних виробників досліджуваного асортименту лікарських засобів. При сегментації ринку препаратів за лікарськими формами встановлено, що іноземні виробники постачають на ринок гелі та розчини, тоді як вітчизняні фірми віддають перевагу лікарській рослинній сировині.Висновки. Проведені дослідження дають підстави стверджувати, що розробка лікарських препаратів у формі гелю є перспективною та необхідною

Overview of the Nordic Seas CARINA data and salinity measurements

Water column data of carbon and carbon relevant hydrographic and hydrochemical parameters from 188 previously non-publicly available cruises in the Arctic, Atlantic, and Southern Ocean have been retrieved and merged into a new database: CARINA (CARbon IN the Atlantic). The data have been subject to rigorous quality control (QC) in order to ensure highest possible quality and consistency. The data for most of the parameters included were examined in order to quantify systematic biases in the reported values, i.e. secondary quality control. Significant biases have been corrected for in the data products, i.e. the three merged files with measured, calculated and interpolated values for each of the three CARINA regions; the Arctic Mediterranean Seas (AMS), the Atlantic (ATL) and the Southern Ocean (SO). With the adjustments the CARINA database is consistent both internally as well as with GLODAP (Key et al., 2004) and is suitable for accurate assessments of, for example, oceanic carbon inventories and uptake rates and for model validation. The Arctic Mediterranean Seas include the Arctic Ocean and the Nordic Seas, and the quality control was carried out separately in these two areas. This contribution provides an overview of the CARINA data from the Nordic Seas and summarises the findings of the QC of the salinity data. One cruise had salinity data that were of questionable quality, and these have been removed from the data product. An evaluation of the consistency of the quality controlled salinity data suggests that they are consistent to at least ±0.005

Best practice data standards for discrete chemical oceanographic observations

© The Author(s), 2022. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Jiang, L.-Q., Pierrot, D., Wanninkhof, R., Feely, R. A., Tilbrook, B., Alin, S., Barbero, L., Byrne, R. H., Carter, B. R., Dickson, A. G., Gattuso, J.-P., Greeley, D., Hoppema, M., Humphreys, M. P., Karstensen, J., Lange, N., Lauvset, S. K., Lewis, E. R., Olsen, A., Pérez, F. F., Sabine, C., Sharp, J. D., Tanhua, T., Trull, T. W., Velo, A., Allegra, A. J., Barker, P., Burger, E., Cai, W-J., Chen, C-T. A., Cross, J., Garcia, H., Hernandez-Ayon J. M., Hu, X., Kozyr, A., Langdon, C., Lee., K, Salisbury, J., Wang, Z. A., & Xue, L. Best practice data standards for discrete chemical oceanographic observations. Frontiers in Marine Science, 8, (2022): 705638, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.705638.Effective data management plays a key role in oceanographic research as cruise-based data, collected from different laboratories and expeditions, are commonly compiled to investigate regional to global oceanographic processes. Here we describe new and updated best practice data standards for discrete chemical oceanographic observations, specifically those dealing with column header abbreviations, quality control flags, missing value indicators, and standardized calculation of certain properties. These data standards have been developed with the goals of improving the current practices of the scientific community and promoting their international usage. These guidelines are intended to standardize data files for data sharing and submission into permanent archives. They will facilitate future quality control and synthesis efforts and lead to better data interpretation. In turn, this will promote research in ocean biogeochemistry, such as studies of carbon cycling and ocean acidification, on regional to global scales. These best practice standards are not mandatory. Agencies, institutes, universities, or research vessels can continue using different data standards if it is important for them to maintain historical consistency. However, it is hoped that they will be adopted as widely as possible to facilitate consistency and to achieve the goals stated above.Funding for L-QJ and AK was from NOAA Ocean Acidification Program (OAP, Project ID: 21047) and NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) through NOAA grant NA19NES4320002 [Cooperative Institute for Satellite Earth System Studies (CISESS)] at the University of Maryland/ESSIC. BT was in part supported by the Australia’s Integrated Marine Observing System (IMOS), enabled through the National Collaborative Research Infrastructure Strategy (NCRIS). AD was supported in part by the United States National Science Foundation. AV and FP were supported by BOCATS2 Project (PID2019-104279GB-C21/AEI/10.13039/501100011033) funded by the Spanish Research Agency and contributing to WATER:iOS CSIC interdisciplinary thematic platform. MH was partly funded by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program under grant agreement N°821001 (SO-CHIC)

Antibody Responses against Xenotropic Murine Leukemia Virus-Related Virus Envelope in a Murine Model

Xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus (XMRV) was recently discovered to be the first human gammaretrovirus that is associated with chronic fatigue syndrome and prostate cancer (PC). Although a mechanism for XMRV carcinogenesis is yet to be established, this virus belongs to the family of gammaretroviruses well known for their ability to induce cancer in the infected hosts. Since its original identification XMRV has been detected in several independent investigations; however, at this time significant controversy remains regarding reports of XMRV detection/prevalence in other cohorts and cell type/tissue distribution. The potential risk of human infection, coupled with the lack of knowledge about the basic biology of XMRV, warrants further research, including investigation of adaptive immune responses. To study immunogenicity in vivo, we vaccinated mice with a combination of recombinant vectors expressing codon-optimized sequences of XMRV gag and env genes and virus-like particles (VLP) that had the size and morphology of live infectious XMRV.Immunization elicited Env-specific binding and neutralizing antibodies (NAb) against XMRV in mice. The peak titers for ELISA-binding antibodies and NAb were 1:1024 and 1:464, respectively; however, high ELISA-binding and NAb titers were not sustained and persisted for less than three weeks after immunizations.Vaccine-induced XMRV Env antibody titers were transiently high, but their duration was short. The relatively rapid diminution in antibody levels may in part explain the differing prevalences reported for XMRV in various prostate cancer and chronic fatigue syndrome cohorts. The low level of immunogenicity observed in the present study may be characteristic of a natural XMRV infection in humans

An update to the Surface Ocean CO₂ Atlas (SOCAT version 2)

The Surface Ocean CO₂ Atlas (SOCAT), an activity of the international marine carbon research community, provides access to synthesis and gridded fCO₂ (fugacity of carbon dioxide) products for the surface oceans. Version 2 of SOCAT is an update of the previous release (version 1) with more data (increased from 6.3 million to 10.1 million surface water fCO₂ values) and extended data coverage (from 1968–2007 to 1968–2011). The quality control criteria, while identical in both versions, have been applied more strictly in version 2 than in version 1. The SOCAT website (http://www.socat.info/) has links to quality control comments, metadata, individual data set files, and synthesis and gridded data products. Interactive online tools allow visitors to explore the richness of the data. Applications of SOCAT include process studies, quantification of the ocean carbon sink and its spatial, seasonal, year-to-year and longerterm variation, as well as initialisation or validation of ocean carbon models and coupled climate-carbon models

An update to the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT version 2)

The Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT), an activity of the international marine carbon research community, provides access to synthesis and gridded fCO(2) (fugacity of carbon dioxide) products for the surface oceans. Version 2 of SOCAT is an update of the previous release (version 1) with more data (increased from 6.3 million to 10.1 million surface water fCO(2) values) and extended data coverage (from 1968-2007 to 1968-2011). The quality control criteria, while identical in both versions, have been applied more strictly in version 2 than in version 1. The SOCAT website (http://www.socat.info/) has links to quality control comments, metadata, individual data set files, and synthesis and gridded data products. Interactive online tools allow visitors to explore the richness of the data. Applications of SOCAT include process studies, quantification of the ocean carbon sink and its spatial, seasonal, year-to-year and longer-term variation, as well as initialisation or validation of ocean carbon models and coupled climate-carbon models.</p

An update to the Surface Ocean CO₂ Atlas (SOCAT version 2)

The Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT), an activity of the international marine carbon research community, provides access to synthesis and gridded fCO2 (fugacity of carbon dioxide) products for the surface oceans. Version 2 of SOCAT is an update of the previous release (version 1) with more data (increased from 6.3 million to 10.1 million surface water fCO2 values) and extended data coverage (from 1968–2007 to 1968–2011). The quality control criteria, while identical in both versions, have been applied more strictly in version 2 than in version 1. The SOCAT website (http://www.socat.info/) has links to quality control comments, metadata, individual data set files, and synthesis and gridded data products. Interactive online tools allow visitors to explore the richness of the data. Applications of SOCAT include process studies, quantification of the ocean carbon sink and its spatial, seasonal, year-to-year and longerterm variation, as well as initialisation or validation of ocean carbon models and coupled climate-carbon models

Feed protein solubility as an indicator of digestibility and availability of nutrients in the diets of bulls

The research was conducted on steppe red bulls with duodenal and ileocecal anastomoses when feeding isoenergetic, isoprotein hay-concentrate diets with different levels of soluble protein (SP) and rumen degradable protein (RDP). We studied the transformation of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), crude ash (CA), crude fat (CF), crude fiber (CF) and nitrogen-free extractives (NFE) separately in a complex stomach, small (SI) and large (LI) parts of the intestine. Assimilation of protein by animals was assessed by the amount of it digested in SI, and unproductive costs — by the part of nitrogen in the urine. Diets consisted of hay, peas and mineral supplements. Different amounts of SP in the diets were achieved by feeding natural pea (control) or pea grilled at a temperature of +105°C (experiment). When feeding a diet with a reduced level of SP and RDP, the apparent intensity of digestion decreased, which was manifested in a slightly smaller amount of feed consumed, and in a smaller number of duodenal and ileocecal chyme. In a complex stomach, the CP digestibility of the experimental diet with a reduced level of SP was 10% lower. In the control diet with a high level of SP, more CP was degraded in rumen and more ammonium nitrogen was supplied to SI. The availability of CP for digestion in SI on the experimental diet was 5.8% higher, against control, with 8–10% higher digestibility of DM, OM and CP, but lower digestibility of CA and CF. In LI, the digestibility of nutrients in the studied diets was multidirectional. A significant amount of dietary protein was depreciated in the control diet with a high level of SP due to a 40% increase in urinary nitrogen excretion